Ihr kommt nicht mit bei unseren Änderungen!

Author(s): Claus Leggewie / Language(s): German Issue: 11/1996

1989 ist eine Welt untergegangen. Die Alte Welt, ideologisch-militärisch in West und Ost geteilt und ökonomisch-politisch in Nord und Süd gespalten, besteht nicht mehr. Wie die »Neue Weltordnung« aussehen wird, liegt im Dunkeln. Eine Welt, im Übergang. Derartige historische Brüche und Zäsuren sind, der Theorie nach, »generationsträchtig((. Aufgrund der Erfahrungen mit der Herausbildung von Generationen im 20. Jahrhundert darf man annehmen, daß Kriege, Revolutionen oder weniger markante Umbrüche wie in den 60er Jahren die davon besonders erfaßten und beeindruckten Alterskohorten auch subjektiv zusammenballen. »1968«, das Symboljahr der »Kulturrevolution« der Babyboomer von Berkeley bis Warschau und weit darüber hinaus, war schon in den Augen der meisten Zeitgenossen würdig, Generationseinheit herzustellen. Der durch wenige, eher marginale Akteure (die soixantehuitards oder 68er) eingeleitete Umbruch verallgemeinerte sich in generative Gemeinsamkeiten (68er Generation), die dann gesellschaftsweite Wirkungen (Wertewandel) ausübten. Der kulturelle Entwurf einer Minderheit vermochte sich auszubreiten, und seither begleiten seine typischen Weltbilder und Wahrnehmungsmuster die zentrale Altersgruppe lebenslang. Genau nach diesem Muster prägen sich Generationen aus.

Mehr Frauen in akademischen Spitzenpositionen: Nur noch eine Frage der Zeit?

Author(s): Reinhard Kreckel / Language(s): German Issue: 29/2005

In diesem Beitrag geht es um die Frage der Dauerhaftigkeit geschlechtstypischer Ungleichheiten beim Zugang zu gesellschaftlichen Spitzenpositionen, also um einen hartnäckigen Fall von »durable inequality« (Tilly 1998). Nun ist dieses Thema nicht neu. Die sozialwissenschaftliche und auch politisch-polemische Literatur zum Thema geschlechtsspezifische (genauer: geschlechtstypische) Ungleichheit2 ist in den letzten Jahrzehnten fast unüberschaubar geworden. Dabei kehren bekannte Argumente und Positionierungen immer wieder. Im Rahmen dieses kurzen Textes möchte ich darauf verzichten, sie nochmals ausführlich auszubreiten. Ich eröffne deshalb meine Ausführungen mit einer Reihe von theoretischen und empirischen Verallgemeinerungen zum Thema »geschlechtstypische Ungleichheit«, die nach meiner Einschätzung dem heutigen Diskussionsstand entsprechen. In der weiteren Argumentation werden sie dann als Prämissen vorausgesetzt. Auf umfassende Belege, Begründungen und Literaturverweise3 verzichte ich dabei weitgehend.

Establishing the health status of Romanians in a European context

Author(s): Maria Livia Ștefănescu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

We intend to analyze the opinion of the population about the health status of the individuals from 20 European countries. The self assessed health ( SAH ) data are associated to an ordinal variable X. Our final aim is to establish the position of Romania in this European context from the health status point of view. The statistical analysis is based on more complementary indices. The mean of X is generally not adequate as an indicator for this type of data. Our study used also two other indicators which are specific for ordinal variables. So, in the present research it was applied a polarization index POA and also an inequality Gini coefficient IGO adapted for SAH data. Comparisons of all these results are also made.

Badanie wpływu metody estymacji teoretycznych modeli rozkładu dochodów na jakość aproksymacji rozkładu dochodów mieszkańców Krakowa

Author(s): Marcin Salamaga / Language(s): Polish Issue: 03/2016

The purpose of this article is to find theoretical models and the best estimation methods that as closely as possible reflect the income distribution of the inhabitants of Cracow. The study took into account models most commonly used in the analysis of wages and incomes – Singh Maddala, Fisk, log-normal distribution, and gamma distribution. Selected distributions were tested for their precision in estimating the measures of position, dispersion, and inequality in empirical income distribution depending on the method of parameter estimation used. To estimate the models, data on the individual income of the inhabitants of Cracow in 2013 were used; the data were taken from the “Social Diagnosis” database. The results indicate that the most precise estimation of income distribution and its characteristics can be achieved using Singh Maddala distribution, while the recommended parameter estimation methods is maximum likelihood method.

SYMPTOMS OF YOUTH SOCIAL MALADJUSTMENT. NEW TENDENCIES

Author(s): Arkadiusz Kamiński / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

The contemporary socioeconomic transformations in a fundamental way impinge on the shift of displaying social maladjustment among young people. The forms of social activities of, the adolescents undergo a transformation along with dynamics of the current social progress. Some youth, as a consequence of their behaviour and state of demoralization, become subjects of judicial proceedings and sanctions, such as residential rehabilitation or correctional centers. In order to capture the tendencies of youth’s social maladjustment a behavior research was carried out among 120 pupils sentenced by court to a youth care center. The author has undertaken a research indicating, the evolving modes of the youth’s social functioning and the diagnosed symptoms of their social maladjustment have been captured and researched by the author of this paper.

Wilda - o społecznych skutkach gentryfikacji

Author(s): Julia Jachowska / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 02/2016

The biggest problem with the renovation of the centres of Polish cities is the fact that their revitalization is accomplished only through the process of gentrification. The implementation of exclusively this measure makes renovation largely ineffective and leads to social conflicts between the incoming representatives of the middle class and the underprivileged residents who have lived in the central city space for decades. However, there are exceptions to the rule, as in the case of the Poznań administrative housing estate Wilda. The present study also aims to compare the changes ongoing in the above mentioned housing estate with the changes occurring in other gentrified spaces of Poznań, by identifying factors which seem instrumental to the effectiveness of the gentrification process.

Gentrification and Rescaling Urban Governance in Budapest-Józsefváros

Author(s): Márton Czirfusz,Vera Horváth,Csaba Jelinek,Zsuzsanna Pósfai,Linda Szabó / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2015

The most stigmatised area of Budapest, the Eighth District (Józsefváros) has been undergoing significant urban and social change since 1989. However, compared with what rent gap theory would have forecast, gentrification took off relatively late. After a historical narrative of how rent gap in Józsefváros had been produced throughout the 20th century, we will argue that examining the mechanisms and outcomes of the three dominant dynamics of rescaling urban governance in Hungary – decentralisation without the redistribution of resources in the 1990s; EU accession and Europeanisation of public policies from the 2000s; and recentralisation after 2010 – help us understand when, where and how gentrification has been unwinding in Middle-Józsefváros, the most dilapidated area of the Eighth District. The article will present three case studies of local urban regeneration as paradigmatic for the three rescaling dynamics: Corvin Promenade, Magdolna Quarter Programme, and the ongoing Orczy Quarter project. It will show the underlying revanchist policies and discourses in each case. The main aim of the current paper is to illustrate how a scale-sensitive political economic approach can go beyond the mainstream public and political discourse in scrutinising gentrification, through shedding light on structural factors contributing to exclusion, criminalisation, displacement, and othering.

Developmental Programmes in Local Communities

Author(s): Judit Keller,Katalin Fehér,Zsuzsanna Vidra,Tünde Virág / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2015

This article analyses the impact of developmental programmes on socialintegration in two Hungarian small towns. It studies changing patterns ofsocial integration in two settlements sharing similar endowments, with respectto a middle-sized Roma population living in segregated neighbourhoods.Drawing on recent studies in economic sociology, social integration is used asa proxy for socio-economic development and explained by differences in thetransformation of local institutions. Divergences in institutional changeinfluence the innovation capacity of communities and institutional changedistributes authority among a variety of local and central state, non-state, forprofitand non-profit actors providing space for their association and formingthe basis of an integrated local community. The main aim of the study ismapping the factors and mechanisms that shape and generate institutionalchange in support of social cohesion and development. Our cases explorethat in the absence of such institutions, public goods are more likely to beappropriated by incumbents, which hinders the evolution of innovativesolutions to socio-economic problems and weakens the developmentalcapacities of communities.

Around the Bloc: Estonian President Symbolically Visits Regions With Sizeable Russian Populations

Author(s): TOL TOL / Language(s): English Issue: 11/01/2016

On her first domestic visit, Kersti Kaljulaid speaks out against dividing people according to what language they speak at home.

The role of socioeconomic differences and material deprivation in peer violence

Author(s): Vesna Bilić / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2015

In schools around the world in the 21st century the dominant and worrying problems are: an increase in the number of poor and financially and materially deprived and a continuous increase in violence among peers, which brings us to the intriguing question whether there is a connection between these two phenomena.Therefore, the theoretical part of this paper analyzes the increase of peer violence in the context of socioeconomic inequalities of different societies which students live in and socioeconomic family factors. The aim of the empirical part is to determine which variables of socioeconomic status and material deprivation of children predict the status of perpetrators or victims of peer violence. The study included 610 (44.8% M; 51.6% F) primary school students, with average age of 13,88 years from different regions of the Republic of Croatia. For data collection the socio economic status questionnaire, scale of material deprivation of children in school and scale of victimization and violence among peers were used. The results indicated that 34.8% of respondents have acted violently toward peers because of their poorer financial status, and 45.7% were victimized for the same reason. It was also found that the analyzed SES variables and material deprivation do not predict committing violence against peers. Living in unfavorable socioeconomic conditions is associated with the role of victims, lower education of mothers, lower work status of the father, child’s experience of fear because of the family’s poor financial situation,and material deprivation in school are statistically significant predictors of victimization. It is suggested that practitioners, the public and policy makers pay attention and assist the growing number of children from socioeconomically disadvantaged families. They must be in focus of all school preventive programs, especially due to the increased risk for those children of being exposed to peer violence.

Lietuvos gyventojų požiūris į tos pačios lyties porų šeimines teises

Author(s): Gediminas Navaitis,Vladas Gaidys / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 02/2015

A discussion about family rights of the same sex couples plays an important role in a discourse of the family’s institution future. For this reason it is important to know the public opinion (attitudes) towards these rights (right to register a family, right to adopt and educate a child for homosexuals). In October 2014, a representative survey was carried out and 1005 adult respondents were interviewed. According to this survey, majority of the population (86,3%) is against the possibility to register a marriage for homosexuals, and even more (94,8%) is against the possibility to adopt a child. More tolerant towards the rights of homosexuals is the younger generation, people having university education, living in big towns (especially in Vilnius).

Трансформация менталитета и жизнеспособность российской цивилизации

Author(s): Nikolai Nikolaevich Vasilyev / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2016

The article traces the directions of transformation of the Russian mental foundations. Considered are such categories as feeling of national dignity, self-respect — self-disrespect; readiness for fight, civil activity — lack of will; religiousness — godlessness; collegiality — individualism; not moneymaking — greed; justice — benefit. The conclusion is drawn that decomposition of civilization bases begins with elite of society and various groups which have joined it.

Przestępczość w kontekście uwarunkowań psychologicznych sprawców

Author(s): Wiola Friedrich / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2015

Crime is a controversial issue for many years, and discussions about the etiology of crime taking place for a long time. There is no doubt that the crime sizes for men and women are different. The differences in size between men and women crime offenders are not the only noticeable difference. Gender differences in the crimes commission are also noticeable in its dynamics, intensity, type, motivation, circumstances, and in this research, primarily in the psychological characteristics of the participants. It is known that women commit much less crime than men. The author tries to determine the psychological factors which make female and male offenders not the same but also finds the variables which make them similar not forgetting that crime is a social phenomenon and, therefore, the offender shall be considered in the context of the social life.

O niebezpieczeństwach podczas ciąży, porodu i połogu w polskich poradnikach medycznych z drugiej połowy XVIII wieku

Author(s): Weronika Kocela / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2015

For centuries, motherhood was recognized as the true vocation of women. Nursing and health care about his health belonged to their most important duties. Nevertheless, history shows, that the birth of a child meant not only joy and happiness, but anxieties for the life and health of their mothers, because the period of pregnancy, labor and childbirth was associated with many afflictions and illnesses leading to death during this period. Little wonder, then, that they were a subject of interests for the authors of medical handbooks. Especially interesting are the books published in Poland during the second half of the eighteenth century, at the time of significant developments in medicine and obstetrics.

Romantyczni szaleńcy z głowami w chmurach czy śmiałkowie uparcie dążący do celu? – analiza porównawcza marzeń dzieci z Biharamulo (Tanzania), Laare (Kenia) oraz Czaplinka (Polska)

Author(s): Michalina Kasprzak,Beata Latos,Jonasz Pawlaczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2015

The aim of the presentation is to show the dreams of Biharamulo’s, Laare’s and Czaplinek’s students. The analysis of the research was made on the basis of pupils’ answers to questions concerning made by them photographs. The taken pictures were the ground to perform an interview directly relevant with children’s dreams. The pictures were a link between students and pupils that gave a possibility to get to know the children’s world. The conclusions of the research are mostly concentrated on distinctions and intercultural affinities.

Bezdomność jako forma wykluczenia społecznego w świetle wybranych aktów prawnych oraz dokumentów strategicznych i programowych

Author(s): Izabela Kaźmierczak-Kałużna / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2015

Doświadczenie biograficzne życia w dwóch kulturach. Studium biograficzne przypadku

Author(s): Joanna Wygnańska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2016

The article is focused on the case study concerning the person biographically experiencing living in two cultures, in that process formed by living and bringing up in two countries, as a result of the migration of parents from the People’s Republic of Poland to the United States at the beginning of the 80-s. The analysis oscillates here between an attempt to write down this narration into the reflectiveness close to the concept of marginal man and the issue of seeking, defining, constructing, and reconstructing the narrator’s identity. The text also aims to provide further insight into the complex issues migrants’ identity.

Cjeloživotno učenje kao faktor u smanjenju siromaštva

Author(s): Nusreta Salić,Erna Lučić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 1/2016

The idea of modern society, which is recognized as important in the process of becoming more adaptive to changes in society, is the idea of lifelong learning. Lifelong learning represents the integration of formal, non-formal and informal learning. The paper tries, by theoretical analysis of significant scientific and legal sources, to answer the question whether the idea of lifelong learning is the factor of influence on the reduction (of risks) of poverty. The results point to the fact that lifelong learning in the declarative sense of the word,is identified as a mechanism for the efficient adjustment of the labor market and greater opportunities for employment, which in the end, according to the strategic objectives, should result in the reduction of poverty.

Acculturation contexts: Theorizing on the role of inter-cultural hierarchy in contemporary immigrants’ acculturation strategies

Author(s): Christina S. Stephens / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2016

Recent efforts to expand the theoretical framework of acculturation have drawn attention to a variety of pre-migration and reception contexts that affect how immigrants engage with the culture of their country of destination. Building on John W. Berry’s seminal work, this article contributes to the development of acculturation theory by delineating the previously under-explored context of inter-cultural hierarchy. Employing a critical theory stance, the paper argues that immigrants’ response to western cultural dominance and the rise of neoliberal imperatives can influence, along with the above mentioned contexts, their acculturative strategies. The paper proposes distinctions between types of assimilation, integration and separation strategies that have the potential to capture immigrant’s risk of long-term psychosocial maladjustment in the country of destination.

Feminst Iranian Cinema: The Counter-Cinema of Abbas Kiarostami and Female Spectatorship

Author(s): Marija Antić / Language(s): English Issue: 20/2016

The quintessential characteristic of Iranian art film is its heavy politicization, achieved by addressing social and women’s issues. Stylistically, influenced by distinctive Persian literary tradition, New Iranian Cinema is known for blurring lines between documentary and fiction, thus exploring new film forms and genres. This paper primarily calls into question the veiling discourse and censorship of Islamic government as an unsuspecting instrument of enhancing the authentic style of film authors, after which it continues with an examination of the role of aesthetics in terms of redefining the politics of gender representation in film and the process of spectatorship. This article is mostly an homage to Abbas Kiarostami, a world-renowned Iranian director, who passed away recently. His cinematic style will be examined through the prism of representational politics of feminist film theory. Specifically, two of his films will be analyzed, a film Ten (2002) which is completely shot in the inside of a car, as a woman picks up passengers and drives them through Tehran, and another one, Shirin (2008), a film which consists of many close-ups of actresses watching a film scene, as a unique way of representing female spectatorship and the process of identification with the images on screen.