За неточното отразяване на краесловните меки съгласни на бреговския влашки говор batlas lunguistic roman

Author(s): Vladislav Marinov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2014

This paper offers an account of the various causes for the variety of symbols used in the representation of word-final soft consonants in the Romanian Linguistic Atlas. Comparison is drawn between lexical forms as recorded by members of a Romanian research team in the beginning of the 20th century in the town of Bregovo (Vidin region) and current forms used in the Walachian dialect spoken in the far North-West of Bulgaria.

Egzegeza J 11,1-46 w ujęciu retoryki semickiej

Author(s): Dawid Kontny / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 24/2020

Kontekstem przeprowadzonych badań było stwierdzenie, że różni komentatorzy wskazują na inne struktury badanego tekstu. Celem badań było opracowanie struktury tekstu przy zastosowaniu metody naukowej. Posłużono się metodą retoryki hebrajskiej, którą opracował Roland Meynet. Uzyskano wynik, który wskazuje, że struktura badanego tekstu schematycznie wygląda następująco: A (11,1-19), B (11,20-32), A’ (11,33-46). Wyciągnięto wnioski, że badana treść oznacza znak, który objawia władzę nad śmiercią fizyczną, przekazuje także informację, iż wiara w Jezusa otwiera na dar życia wiecznego oraz zakłada uzdrowienie miłości, a także zmartwychwstanie ludzi jest możliwe za cenę śmierci i zmartwychwstania Jezusa.

Tłumaczenie i weryfikacja napisów w filmach i przedstawieniach teatralnych

Author(s): Paweł Madej / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2017

Badanie napisów jest młodą dyscypliną naukową. Nie ma wielu publikacji analizujących i prezentujących kwestię tłumaczenia audiowizualnego, w szczególności napisów filmowych/teatralnych. Dlatego nie ma wielu źródeł istotnych informacji dotyczących problemu. Przykłady zawarte w tym tekście pochodzą z autorskiej obserwacji filmów i spektakli teatralnych. Autor odwołuje się do badań przeprowadzonych wśród kinomanów podzielonych na trzy grupy – osoby z wykształceniem filologicznym, osoby z wykształceniem uniwersyteckim oraz osoby bez wykształcenia uniwersyteckiego. Tekst dotyczy także napisów z przedstawień teatralnych (Teatr Dramatyczny, Teatr Studio, Nowy Teatr). Wybrano następujące spektakle. Kabaret J. Kandera, Rosyjski kontrakt Andrieja Płatonowa. Ciekawy przypadek psa wieczorową porą Simona Stephensa, Biedny Ja, Suka i Jej nowy koleś Michała Walczaka, Nasza klasa autorstwa Tadeusza Słobodzianka oraz Bent Martina Shermana. W kolejnych częściach artykułu autor przedstawia realia dotyczące etapów tworzenia napisów filmowych lub przygotowania nadtytułów teatralnych i ich weryfikacji. Odpowiada na pytanie, kto, kiedy i jak ocenia te napisy. // Subtitles research is a young discipline in the field of science. There are not many publications analyzing and presenting the issue of audiovisual translation, in particular film/ theatre subtitles. Therefore, there are not many sources of relevant information concerning the issue. Examples included in this text come from the author’s observation of films and theatre performances. The author makes reference to the research conducted among moviegoers divided into three groups – people with philological educational background, people with university background, and people without any university education. The text also relates to subtitles from theatre performances (Teatr Dramatyczny, Teatr Studio, Nowy Teatr). The following performances were chosen: Cabaret by J. Kander, The Russian Contract, by Andrei Platonov, The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time by Simom Stephens, Poor Me, the Bitch, and Her New Guy by Michał Walczak, Our Class by Tadeusz Słobodzianek and Bent by Martin Sherman. In the following sections of the paper, the author presents realia concerning the stages of film subtitles or theatrical supertitles preparation and their verification. He addresses the question who, when and how evaluates these subtitles.

Niewerbalne style komunikacyjne w przekładzie

Author(s): Maria Mocarz-Kleindienst / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2017

Komunikacja niewerbalna towarzyszy bezpośredniej ustnej komunikacji werbalnej. Niewerbalne środki komunikacyjne, konstytuujące style komunikacyjne kulturowo uwarunkowane, są zjawiskiem, którego nie sposób pominąć również w przekładzie. Przekład, w szczególności audiowizualny i ustny, sprzyja poznawaniu niewerbalnych stylów, m.in. w zakresie kinezyki, chronemiki, proksemiki, pantomimiki, haptyki pochodzących z innych obszarów kulturowych. Oprócz funkcji poznawczej niewerbalne style komunikacyjne pełnią funkcję wspomagającą proces tłumaczenia (np. ustnego). Niekiedy niewerbalne środki komunikacyjne pomagają zweryfikować jakość przetłumaczonego przekazu werbalnego. // Nonverbal communication accompanies direct oral verbal communication. The means of nonverbal communication, constituting culturally determined communication styles are a phenomenon which cannot be overlooked in translation. Translation, in particular audiovisual and interpretation, helps to become familiar with nonverbal styles, inter alia relating to kinesics, chronemics, proxemics, pantomimics, haptics from other spaces of culture. Apart from a cognitive function, nonverbal communication styles also serve an auxiliary function in the translation process (e.g. oral translation). Sometimes nonverbal communication styles help to verify the quality of translated verbal communication.

Wewnątrz i na zewnątrz kultury.

Author(s): Arkadiusz Jabłoński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2017

Badania pragmatyczne nad „grzecznością” w istotny sposób ograniczają możliwości opisu konkretnych sytuacji interakcji. Dzieje się tak głównie ze względu na to, że zdroworozsądkowe a zarazem normatywnie zorientowane pojęcie „grzeczności” uniemożliwia dostrzeżenie licznych zjawisk postrzeganych jako oczywiste przez rodzimych użytkowników kodu w rzeczywistych warunkach komunikacji. W artykule niniejszym dążono do ukazania przynajmniej kilku istotnych obszarów uzusu językowego, do opisu jakich studia „grzecznościowe” nie są w stanie dotrzeć. Postulowano rozszerzenie spektrum badań nad rzeczywistymi sytuacjami kontaktu językowego, poprzez odejście od wyłącznie „grzecznościowego” punktu widzenia, z wykorzystaniem ramy opisowej honoryfikatywności (modyfikacji honoryfikatywnej), jako zjawiska obecnego w każdym rzeczywistym przekazie, powiązanego z osiągnięciem adekwatności komunikacyjnej komunikatu. Zwrócono również uwagę na fakt, że badania nad modyfikacją honoryfikatywną, obejmujące całość aktywności językowej jednostek i grup, mogą (i powinny) dotyczyć także polityki językowej, pojmowanej jako wyposażenie użytkowników kodu choćby w podstawowy zestaw wzorców jego użycia umożliwiających efektywną komunikację. // Pragmatic studies on „politeness” limit significantly the possibilities of description of actual situations of communication. It is mainly because of the fact that a common-sense oriented normative notion of „politeness” makes it impossible to notice numerous phenomena taken for granted by the native users of a code in actual circumstances of communication. In this paper, it has been attempted to show at least some important areas of language usage that the „politeness” related approaches are unable to reach. It has been postulated to widen the range of studies over actual situations of communications, by abandoning the solely „politeness” focused point of view, with the implementation of the notion of honorific modification (HM), as a phenomenon present in any actual message, related to the achievement of communicational adequacy of a message. It has also been pointed out that the studies of HM, covering all communication related activity, may (and: should) be related also to the language policy, perceived as equipping the language users at least with basic set of its usage patterns, enabling effective communication.

Shifting from meaning to its carrier:

Author(s): Ron Aharoni / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2018

Incongruity theories maintain that the core of humour is in interplay between meanings. Two incompatible meanings – of situations, verbal utterances or actions – are juxtaposed, one replacing the other or colliding with it. In this paper, I suggest that often the game is not played between two meanings, but between meaning and its carrier. I provide as examples two families of jokes and one general type of humour sharing this mechanism. One of the two families comprises jokes of self-reference, and the other consists of jokes based on deflation of symbols, which means using them in a concrete sense. The general type of humour is the subject of Bergson’s 1900 theory of the comic, mechanical behaviour where flexible human reaction is expected. The mechanism common to all three is a shift of weight from meaning to its carrier. This mechanism is then traced also in other jokes, suggesting possible universality.

Identity and Diasporic Trauma in Mira Jacob’s “The Sleepwalker’s Guide to Dancing”

Author(s): Jameel Alghaberi,Sanjay Mukherjee / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

This article explores the assimilation politics in Mira Jacob’s novel The Sleepwalker’s Guide to Dancing (2013). The intersection of memory, trauma, and mourning with reference to immigrant experience is discussed. In terms of assimilation, Barkan’s six stage model is critiqued, and diasporic ‘hybridity’ is proposed as an alternative to the notion of total assimilation. In the analysis of traumatic experience, the paper makes reference to Caruth’s formulations of the ‘abreactive model’. The Sleepwalker’s Guide to Dancing is a transcultural text that represents the gap that truly exists between the first-generation immigrants and their offspring. It is a typical trauma novel featuring timeless and unspeakable experiences. The novel does not present a postcolonial collective trauma but invariably an example of diasporic imagined trauma. By presenting two contrasting generations in her novel, Mira Jacob attempts to highlight the dilemmas that baffle diasporas in the United States particularly of those that resist assimilation. Much of the narrative projects the haunting presence of home, and the anguish of personal loss experienced by first generation immigrants. Moreover, the novel questions the nostalgic and romantic engagements with the past and it promotes a bold affirmation of the culture of the adopted land. In other words, Mira Jacob calls for more genuine engagements with the new culture that the second and the third-generation immigrants are more exposed to than their home culture because their in-between status leaves them with no choice.

When Homer ceased laughing

Author(s): Fedor Shcherbakov / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

Since the very beginning of its proliferation, the Homeric epic has been subject to various ways of interpretation and modes of understanding. Particular attention has been paid to those passages from Homeric poems in which the gods commit obscene, absurd, or comical actions. In the opinion of critics of Iliad and Odyssey, such myths were not worthy of the appropriate faith in the Greek gods. Therefore, my article focuses on the third, “comical” group of these Homeric grey areas, and deals with the following questions: how and why did Homer’s comical passages move from a discourse of the ridiculous and the funny to a discourse of the serious by means of philosophical interpretation over the centuries? I will try to uncover the general principles and conditions of that hermeneutical mechanism which made it possible to translate Homer’s comical plots from the language of Olympic “domestic” nonsense into the language of the most important physical, ethical, and metaphysical truths. To achieve this task, my article will conditionally distinguish two ways of transition from the comical to the serious: the first, which was carried out in ancient allegorism, was to directly produce a translation, and to declare that the “superficial” meaning of the myth is false, and its deep level is true. The second way –ancient symbolism –was to turn the comical into the serious through the immediate translation of comical myths into the religious discourse of the sacred, which did not imply a stark contrast between the comical and the serious but, on the contrary, harmonized them.

Отговорността пред езика и пред делото на езиковеда

Author(s): Zhaneta Andreeva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2022

The article is a thematic review of the seventh volume of „Тhe Responsibility to Language“ series, published by the Department of Bulgarian Language at the University of Shumen “Bishop Konstantin Preslavski”. The included materials are dedicated to the 90th anniversary of Corresponding Member Prof. Dr. Todor Boyadzhiev, Rector and Doctor Honoris Causa of the University of Shumen. Compilers and scientific editors are Dimitar Popov, Velka Popova, Kalina Yocheva, Aneta Tihova, Ani Angelova, Irina Ivanova. The publication includes scientific works of Bulgarian and foreign linguists.

СВЕЩЕНО И ПРОФАННО. ГОТОВИ ФРАЗИ В БИБЛЕЙСКИЯ ТЕКСТ

Author(s): Yana Sivilova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 20/2021

The article discusses a number of set phrases incorporated in the text of the Bible. The author focuses on the history of the units: a heart of stone, an eye for an eye, and to hide one’s light under bushel. The different traditions and the primary contexts in which they were initially used are shown and also some of the most significant transformations of their meanings up to the present day were analysed. Although their antiquity supposed only hypothetical findings, the discussed connections with ancient cultures pile specific connotations on their meanings.

Instances of (un)translatability in Ion Creangă’s “Amintiri din copilărie”/ ”Memories of my boyhood”

Author(s): Andra Iulia Ursa / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

These days, writing about untranslatability may seem courageous, as more and more voices associate this issue with translation incapacity and, instead, advocate for creative remedies or even reject such an instance. This study does not deal with a contemporary novel, nor does it have to do with a powerful textual space. However, we believe that translation theories mainly focus on analyses of a certain category of languages, and raise questions of discrepancies between subordinate and dominant cultures, a tendency which derives from the proneness of the international publishing industry to favour certain languages and types of writing. We are not aiming for a debate around the subject of publishing politics or endeavours, but rather we try to cast some light on the ambitious project of rendering vernacular into a powerful language. This paper deals with the work of a great Moldavian storyteller who contributes significantly to the enhancement of expressiveness through linguistic characteristics that occur informally. We hypothesise that the vibrant vernacular writing “Memories of my boyhood” creates potential instances of untranslatability, due to significant differences between the Romanian variety and English, not necessarily in the linguistic inventory but rather in the cognitive structures of the readership. Therefore, the case study focuses on how source text and target text readers infer meaning from interjections and terms of address, originally belonging to the Moldavian modes of expression. Although the translators re-create these short utterances, due to a lack of a similar background from the part of the receiving culture, we witness a limitation on conveying their original intentionality, emotion and plethora of meanings.

Tradicionālisms un nedrošības valoda Latvijas publiskajā telpā

Author(s): Mārtiņš Kaprāns / Language(s): Latvian Issue: 39/2019

This essay focuses on the discourse of insecurity that has gradually become salient in Latvian public sphere. The discourse of insecurity in Latvia is created by individuals with different experience and motifs; they use different conceptual sources to express ideas. A sense of insecurity is objectified with geopolitical, civilizational, and psychoanalytical categories. The European refugee crises and discussions on the so called Istanbul Convention has tempered this discourse over the past years by introducing more specific themes and by setting more particular basis for ideological positioning. Analytically, the essay reflects on the grammar or structural elements of insecurity discourse that define this discourse as a distinct phenomenon. Simultaneously, this analysis also intends to explain the origins of such discourse and to reveal its meaning in a broader context. Thus the essay has two parts. The first part examines the referents of Latvia’s insecurity discourse, i. e. what this discourse is attributed to and what it problematizes. The second part outlines various conceptual layers that might facilitate the understanding of the advent and persistence of insecurity discourse. In particular, the essay demonstrates why and how liberalism has become the centrepiece of the insecurity discourse. It also illuminates solutions that the actors of such discourse provide in order to avoid the societal atomization and disappearance of Latvia as a national state. The essay invites to look at the genealogy of the insecurity discourse from the ontological security perspective. In light of this perspective, the central argument is that the actors of Latvia’s insecurity discourse and their opponents are united within the framework of risk society. Namely, both proponents and opponents are mobilized through risk awareness with respect to existential threats. However, different types of risks are problematized in both discourses – the disintegration of collective identity vs. catastrophic risks – that lead to diverging opinion on what the ultimate basis of societal solidarity is.

Местният езиков ландшафт в контекста на глобалния свят (Svetlana Atanassova. 𝐸𝑥𝑝𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐿𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑆𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑦 𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑠𝑡 𝑆𝑢𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦…)

Author(s): Madina Anafinova / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

Sociolinguistic Credo of a Foreign Language Teacher: The Case of Digital Classroom

Author(s): Ekaterina A. Savkina,Elena G. Tareva,Dimitrina Lesnevskaya / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2022

The last two years saw a dramatic increase in the use of digital classrooms due to the new pandemic realities. Internet platforms and social networks offer teachers many options for interacting with their students and colleagues. Online communication differs from face-to-face communication in many aspects and for linguadidactic purposes should be reconsidered from a sociolinguistic point of view. The aim of the study is to explore sociolinguistic aspects of teachers’ nature in online intercultural communication. The study relies on a questionnaire and interviews to collect data about students’ level of sociolinguistic awareness, their ideas about professional online interaction, and their views on sociolinguistic difficulties. The research provides a comparative analysis of the sociolinguistic competence status in Russian and European methodology. The paper introduces the list of internal and external features that influence interlocutors’ sociolinguistic behavior during intercultural communication online. The results suggest that there are a lot of digital factors that determine the communication outcome. The term “sociolinguistic credo” and its definition are presented. It is admitted that external and internal peculiarities should be taken into account in order to train future foreign language teachers effectively. There should be equality of cultures, especially on the Internet where it is easy to lose all cultures behind avatars.

Vocabulary in autism spectrum disorders. Part 3: Qualitative description – the category of relations / Słownictwo w zaburzeniach należących do spektrum autyzmu. Część 3: Charakterystyka jakościowa – kategoria relacji

Author(s): Ewa Hrycyna / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 11/2022

The article is the third part of a study concerned with vocabulary in autism spectrum disorders. The subject of interest in this article is the category of relations and its lexical exponents. The author presents various types of linguistically expressed relations. She discusses how they are represented in the language of people with autism spectrum disorders and devotes a separate fragment to parts of speech. The acquisition of relational concepts and their lexical exponents is a significant development challenge; especially difficult for people with autism. In the category of relations the differences between the vocabularies of typically developing people and people with autistic disorders are the most pronounced. Other conclusions from the analysis carried out are in line with those in the second part of the study concerning the category of things and events.

Biblical and Anthropocentric Phraseologisms in Dmytro Dontsov’s Works: A Cognitive Aspect

Author(s): Oksana Mykytyuk / Language(s): English Issue: 34/2022

The paper deals with Dontsov’s “phraseological speech” in the framework of cognitive linguistics. The ways of creating partially-authorial (biblical) and authorial (anthropocentric) phraseologisms are discussed and their assignment to different phraseological-semantic microfields is suggested. A number of Dontsov’s phraseologisms are viewed as linguomental pictures of the world that are potentially acceptable for a wider use. Methodologically, the research presents a cluster of general scholarly methods and those used in cognitive linguistics as well as special approaches developed in modern anthropocentric research. Methods of cognitive linguistics are of the utmost importance and include categorizing the phenomena of the objective reality and the interdisciplinary method of interpretation related to the correlation of language data with cultural studies, political science, ethnopsychology and other disciplines. Semantic and contextual analyses are also used as supplementary methods. The potential value of the research is ensured by its contribution to the modern anthropocentric linguistics that aims at studying language through its speaker. Structural-and-logical scheme illustrating the cognitive stages of generating a phraseologism is suggested and the importance of categorization of lingual phenomena is emphasized. Dontsov’s phraseologisms are claimed to be means of exposure of the national Ukrainian lingual picture, symbols of the national worldview, and the prism of the world perception and understanding.

Tra il pensare e il fare c’è di mezzo il parlare. Alcune riflessioni sulla natura dell’atto linguistico

Author(s): Aleksandra Paliczuk / Language(s): Italian Issue: 1/2023

This article investigates one of the main notions of pragmatic linguistics, namely, the theory of speech acts. Aleksandra Paliczuk analyzes relations between thought, word, and action. The project involves examining the structure of language and of its components through the ideas of different linguistic schools. It aims to answer the question posed in one of John L. Austin’s works, How to Do Things with Words (1955/1962). It endeavors to explain the capability or the possibility of understanding some words, expressions or sentences, even if their literal meaning differs from the intended one. This article defines the concept of the speech act, also in relation to the contemporary possibilities of communicating in the virtual world, and explains why it entails the three components of thought, word, and action. As a result, we find out that there are many complex relations regarding different human abilities and other forms of activity.

Narración y otredad en „Membrana”, de Jorge Carrión

Author(s): Laro Del Río Castañeda,Claudia Sofía Benito Temprano / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 22/2022

Jorge Carrión’s novel Membrana represents itself as a leaflet for the “21st Century Museum”. This intriguing premise produces in the contemporary reader a state of cognitive estrangement, as she needs to contemplate his present as the past. However, Carrión’s repertory of disconcerting strategies does not end here. His narrator is a female artificial intelligence that uses plural pronouns to identify herself (or themselves). Coming to terms with this machine will be the main purpose of the exhibition’s visitor, forced to make sense of an entangled history created by someone with a different sense of time, different ideas about cause-effect relations, and a different understanding of what truth is. This article’s aims is to describe the mechanisms used by Carrión to build the algorithm’s voice while exploring its political and epistemological possibilities.

Rozmowy przy stole w Polsce i w Hiszpanii – analiza zrytualizowanych środków językowych

Author(s): Ewa Urbaniak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 11/2023

The aim of this paper is to describe and compare the linguistic dimension of the ritual of dining among Polish and Spanish speakers. The act of feasting, very important for the analysed cultures, not only does present a specific scheme, but it is also accompanied by a range of linguistic mechanisms introduced in concrete interactive situations. The present article exposes the most frequent speech acts, ritualized expressions and pragmaticalized constructions that are used during the ritual of dining in the Polish and Spanish communities. The analysis is based on the examples from oral language corpora, created in Poland and in Spain, that is transcriptions of everyday conversations of the members of described communities. The research has shown that both communities share a lot of common values related to dining, nevertheless each one of them presents some characteristic linguistic mechanisms used during the ritual.

Koncepcja etyki naukowej i wizje postępu moralnego w ujęciu liderów polskiej myśli pozytywistycznej

Author(s): Włodzimierz Tyburski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 48/2022

The article presents one of the components of the intellectual legacy of Polish positivism, a philosophical position which proposed a new attitude towards ethical issues. Its representatives put forward the notion of scientific ethics, reducing moral philosophy to it. They strongly emphasized their critical attitude towards traditional ethics, for which there was no place in the positivist model of science, and proposed a distinction between theoretical and practical ethics. Their project was motivated by an ambition to make ethics into jurisprudence, a discipline whose accuracy would make it similar to other sciences. Their efforts were consistently motivated by the idea of making ethics into an empirical and applied science. This scientific ethics would fulfill the important task of forming a set of moral requirements, which, by referring to moral knowledge (“ethology”), would have a chance of influencing the conduct of individuals and society. The new ethics was expected to contribute to the change in social morality and thus greatly support moral progress, an issue which was hotly debated. All positivists subscribed to the idea of progress, including that of morality; however, some differences can be discerned in how they defined progress. Some defined it in realistic categories, while others focused on optimistic visions of the future. Among the first advocates of scientific ethics and of the idea of moral progress, differences notwithstanding, were Aleksander Świętochowski, Julian Ochorowicz, Feliks Bogacki, Władysław Kozłowski, and Bolesław Prus. The article gives an overview of some of their views.