О НЕКОТОРЫХ ОСОБЕННОСТЯХ СИМВОЛИЗМА В СОЧИНЕНИЯХ КЛИМЕНТА АЛЕКСАНДРИЙСКОГО

Author(s): Dmitry Kurdybaylo,Ivan Gerasimov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2016

The use of term σύμβολον in Clement’s writings is problematic because of differences between common doctrine of symbol and symbolism expressed by Clement almost theoretically, and particular examples of symbolism and allegoric exegesis, where Clement’s wording and underlying conceptions are strongly dependent on the relevant contexts. In order to bring the most instances of σύμβολον in a system we propose some classifications. Firstly, according to their function, we distinguish ‘protective,’ ‘anagogic,’ and ‘manifestative’ symbols; secondly, according to the contexts in which they predominantly appear, such as the Pythagorean tradition, Greek Mysteries, Egyptian religion and hieroglyphic script, and extracts from the Greek grammarians; finally, in the context of Biblical exegesis, where one can distinguish instances of typology, morally instructive allegory and symbolism per se. In the latter case the nature of symbol is constituted by Divine Logos who “signifies the invisible link between earth and heaven.” Such a reading clarifies the ontological importance of symbolism for Clement’s metaphysics and philosophy, and helps to explain some difficulties in Clement’s writings actual for Western theology.

Postulat more geometrico w filozofii matematyki Charlesa S. Peirce’a

Author(s): Hanna Michalczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2016

W tekście przedstawiona została ogólna charakterystyka filozofii matematyki Charlesa S. Peirce’a (1839–1914), ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem relacji między matematyką a metodeutyką (metodologią). Związek ten jest o tyle interesujący, że w świetle filozofii nauki Peirce’a metodeutyka jest nauką normatywną, jedną z gałęzi logiki (semiotyki), wskazującą reguły prowadzenia badań naukowych, którym matematyka winna czynić zadość. Z kolei, zważywszy na formalne rozwiązania proponowane przez Peirce’a, a obowiązujące w „królestwie nauk” – matematyka poprzedza metodeutykę, jest pierwszą wśród dyscyplin poznawczych. Na tle relacji, która łączy matematykę i metodeutykę, wyłania się interesująca reinterpretacja metodologicznego postulatu René Descartesa, głoszącego konieczność uprawiania filozofii metodami matematycznymi, pozwalającymi na osiągnięcie wiedzy ścisłej i pewnej, a wyrażonego krótko w słynnym more geometrico. Śledząc meandry matematyczno- metodeutycznego związku, można wyczytać, jak Peirce – zasadniczo krytyk kartezjanizmu – uwspółcześnił naukową wskazówkę Kartezjusza. The paper gives a general characteristic of the philosophy of mathematics of Charles S. Peirce (1839–1914), with particular attention to the relation between mathematics and methodeutic. This relationship is specially interesting in the light of Peirce’s philosophy of science, which says that methodeutic is a normative science, one of the branches of logic (semiotics) and it defines the rules of scientific research, that also mathematics should complies with. On the other hand, according to the formal construct proposed by Peirce and apply in the “realm of science” – mathematics (“the Queen of the Sciences”) is the first among all scientific disciplines therefore it precedes methodeutic. While studying the relationship between mathematics and methodeutic, emerges an interesting reinterpretation of a methodological postulate of Rene Descartes, who proclaiming the necessity of doing the philosophy according to the mathematical methods; the only ones, as Descartes was convinced, that make it possible to achieve a real (“clear and distinct”) knowledge. He expressed this principle briefly, in the famous: more geometrico. Following the twists and turns of mathematics – methodeutic compound we can easily find how Peirce – essentially a critic of Cartesianism – modernized the scientific (methodological) rule of Descartes.

PARTICULAR LINGUISTIC FEATURES OF THE ALBANIAN GREETINGS IN THE ENGLISH TEXTS OF THE EARLY AND MID 20th CENTURY

Author(s): Benita Stavre,Erinda Papa / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

Language is in itself an entity of units that reflect the national identity, the traditional awareness and the particular features in which people choose to organize their daily life. Greetings remain an interesting and, at the same time, a never exhausted study domain. They express significant features of the age, the gender, the social status and the relation between people involved in communication. They also become illustrations of the geographic environment, of the historic developments and of the way the mentality is materialized in the relation between people in a given country, from generation to generation and definitely from one culture to another. The paper intends to analyze particular features of the above linguistic means that inspire cultural exchange of mentality between two very different nations.

Написаното остава. Пиши правилно

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 7/2017

Парадигмата семиотика – език – дете при 6 – 7-годишните

Author(s): Jorjetina Atanasova,Liubimka Gabrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2018

The authors share their experience for a tested model in the Bulgarian Language and Literature educational field according the semiotic approach for stimulating the intellectual and creative potential of children for smart growth in 6-7 year olds. The child realizes itself in a system of signs and signals and learns to use them with a communicative function. Modeling is used as a main method for stimulating the figurative and schematic thinking of the child, and later at the level of theoretical thinking.

За визуалната и вербалната комуникация в политическата карикатура

Author(s): Dafina Genova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2018

The article studies the visual and verbal communication and their interaction in political cartoons. It analyses the indispensable means of expression the cartoonist uses to convey his/her message such as visual metaphors and metonymies. Visual metaphors and metonymies are analysed from the point of view of Conceptual Metaphor and Metonymy Theory. The author studies the implications arising from the interaction between image, title and text (for the cases when there is title and/or text), as well as the metaphors and implications beyond image, title and text. The main theoretical construct used is the notion of incongruity from the Incongruity Theory of Humour that is extended to verbal and visual metaphor. The notion Logical Mechanism from the General Theory of Verbal Humour is applied in the analysis to (partially) resolve the incongruity/ies. Political cartoons are compared to a joke, a fundamental unit of humour in psychology, cultural anthropology, linguistics, philosophy and sociology. Pictorial representations and text function as contextualization cues to get to the probable cartoonist’s message. The interpretation of political cartoons is open-ended and indeterminate and is dependent on the viewer’s/reader’s general knowledge and his/her familiarity with the genre.

Произходът на българските фразеологизми ‒ между филологията и фолклористиката

Author(s): Yana Sivilova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 16/2018

The article illustrates two approaches in the development of hypothesis regarding the origin of phraseological units. The author tries to examine the positive trends as well as the most popular mistakes in the fields of linguistics and folk studies. A successful combination of these two approaches is presented as a conclusion.

L’influence grecque sur le roumain

Author(s): Marius SALA / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2018

Suite aux rapports de longue date avec le monde grec, le roumain s’est enrichi de nombreux emprunts lexicaux, qui ont été adoptés à différentes époques de son histoire. Aucune autre langue romane, sauf les dialectes italiens méridionaux, n'a jamais eu des relations tellement étroites avec le grec, qui a joué un rôle extrêmement important dans le sud-est de l’Europe.La plus ancienne couche de mots grecs en roumain provient du grec... ancien: il s’agit des mots entrés en roumain par l’intermédiaire du latin (1er-6es.). Ces hellénismes latins, qui se sont conservés en roumain jusqu’au d’aujourd’hui, représentent deux catégories distinctes: des hellénismes latins généralement romans (biserică „église” < basilica,(a) blestema „maudire” < blastemare, (a) boteza baptiser” < baptizare,etc., 42 mots au total) et des hellénismes adoptés oralement dans le latin danubien (broatec „rainette verte”, frică „peur”, mic „petit”, proaspăt „frais”, spân „glabre, imberbe”, stup „ruche”, sturz „grive”, trufă „arrogance”).Il est difficile de préciser si les emprunts appartenant à la deuxième couche, c'est-à-dire à la période byzantine (7e-14es.), datent vraiment de cette époque ou bien de l’époque néogrecque. Au début du 11e siècle la frontière de l’Empire byzantin touchait le bord du Danube. Les noms des villes - ports danubiennes – Sulina, Calafat, Maglavit –constituent un témoignage important de l’activité de la flotte byzantine sur la rive roumaine du Danube. C'est probablement à cette date que sont entrés en roumain, sans intermédiaire,des mots comme (a) agonisi „épargner”, cort „tente”, folos „profit”. Par l’entremise des langues slaves le roumain a aussi acquis des mots, tels que busuioc „basilic”, cămin „foyer”, corabie „navire”. La culture byzantine n’a pas pénétré dans le milieu rural.Les éléments néogrecs sont entrés en roumain notamment à l’époque dite «phanariote» (1711-1821), mais L. Galdi a constaté que sur environ 1200 emprunts seulement 100 - 150 sont fréquents aujourd’hui encore (agale „lentement”, alandala „pêle-mêle”, anapoda „à rebours”, calapod „embauchoir”, etc.).Mon maître, le professeur Al. Graur, avait sélecté 17 mots d'origine grecque qui faisait partie du lexique fondamental du roumain à la moitié du siècle passé.Trente ans plus tard, dans un ouvrage collectif coordonné par moi, sur la liste des mots d'origine grecque appartenant au vocabulaire représentatif du roumain il y avait 22 mots.

Les démarches et problèmes à résoudre dans les études comparatives — la prédication nominale en français et en polonais

Author(s): Grażyna Vetulani / Language(s): French Issue: 30/2018

Observations collected in this paper result from our research on predicate nominatives in French and Polish. We focus on: 1) definition of the concept of predication in French versus Polish language linguistic tradition, 2) methodological issues concerning data acquisition and description procedures; traditional versus computer-assisted methods, 3) evaluation of reference corpora used for acquisition of predicative nouns in both concerned languages, 4) format of lexicographical descriptions of predicative expressions.

Notes in Greek and Phrygian Etymology

Author(s): Vladimir Orel / Language(s): English Issue: 6/1996

Callimachus, Hesyehius and Two Thracian Glosses (Notes on One Transmissional Way of Thracian Vocabulary)

Author(s): Elwira Kaczyńska / Language(s): English Issue: 6/1996

Фразеологизмът като стереотип (Бележки върху етнолингвистичния подход на Й. Бартмински)

Author(s): Yana Sivilova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 17/2019

The article presents the key principles of the Polish Ethnolinguistic School. The author outlines the main achievements of the scientific approach, used by J. Bartminski and his followers. Special attention is devoted to the development of the term stereotype and its application in description and reconstruction of folk tradition. The advantages of examining the phraseological unit as a stereotypical combination of words in contemporary language are also discussed.

„Младежка тема“ и лирика в българското игрално кино от 70-те и 80-те години на ХХ век

Author(s): Maria Panova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2019

The present text deals with the specific characteristics of the so-called “theme of youth” in Bulgarian cinema during the 70s and 80s of the 20th century. The development of the discussed theme is analyzed in the films “Trampa” (1978), “Mass Miracle” (1981), “Reflections” (1982) and “Megi” (1989). Special emphasis is placed on the role of the verses which are incorporated in these films as well as on the possibilities of interpretation that this creative gesture offers.

Attitudes towards Democracy in Bulgaria: The Importance of Social Inequalities

Author(s): Zhivko Minkov / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

This research is an attempt to examine the developmental relationship between democracy and the socioeconomic conditions in Bulgaria. The assumption is that one of the factors contributing to the negative attitude towards democracy in Bulgaria is the high level of social inequality. After discussing the relevance of studying democracy and socioeconomic conditions from a developmental perspective, the paper traces the socioeconomic development of Bulgaria from 1989 to date and examines public perceptions of social inequality in the country. The research has not revealed any overall negative public attitude towards democracy in Bulgaria. However, the findings have demonstrated a clear tendency for the public support for democracy to decline reflecting the growth of social inequality.

Creating the Authorial Self in Academic Texts: Evidence From the Expert’s Style of Writing

Author(s): Tatiana Szczygłowska / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

This paper reports on an analysis of stance expressions in a 439,490-word corpus of Ken Hyland’s academic prose, encompassing 64 single-authored texts from journals, edited collections and his own monographs. Using WordSmith Tools 6.0, the study aims to find out how this expert academic writer creates his authorial self through stance mechanisms. The results reveal that Hyland’s authorial participation in his discourse is mostly manifested through hedges, somewhat less definitely through boosters, but relatively infrequently by attitude markers and self-mention. The choice of the specific stance devices indicates a preference for detached objectivity when formulating empirically verifiable propositions and a shift towards subjectivity when referring to discourse acts and research methodology. These findings contribute to our understanding of stance-taking expertise in applied linguistics and may thus assist novice writers in the field in a more effective management of their own performance of self inacademic prose.

УТИЦАЈ СТЕРЕОТИПА НА УЧЕЊЕ ШПАНСКОГ ЈЕЗИКА

Author(s): Sandra Miladinović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 71/2020

Considerando que la enseñanza moderna de lenguas extranjeras presupone que la lengua y la cultura forman una unidad única e inseparable, es necesario que los alumnos desarrollen una opinión positiva hacia la cultura cuya lengua aprenden. No obstante, son numerosas las investigaciones que confirman la existencia de varios estereotipos a la hora de aprender lenguas extranjeras, y que los mismos de cierta manera moldean el proceso de aprendizaje de la lengua misma. Teniendo en cuenta que los mencionados estereotipos pueden aparecer en dos formas, como positivos y como negativos, su influencia en el aprendizaje de las lenguas extranjeres puede tener un doble efecto. A este respecto, es importante la relación que existe entre los estereotipos y la motivación, porque partimos de la hipótesis de que los estereotipos positivos pueden motivar el proceso de aprendizaje de la lengua extranjera, mientras que, por otra parte, los estereotipos negativos pueden ser un motivo de desinterés para los alumnos, y por lo tanto para su éxito. Asimismo, no hay que descuidar la competencia intercultural cuyo desarrollo depende en gran medida del grado de la existencia de los estereotipos entre los alumnos y los estudiantes. Este trabajo tratará la influencia de los estereotipos en el aprendizaje de la lengua española. El objetivo principal es señalar la importancia del estudio de la dicha problemática a través de la revisión de algunos trabajos e investigaciones más relevantes, es decir comprobar en qué medida los estereotipos influyen en el aprendizaje de la lengua española, al igual que señalar las implicaciones pedagógicas que ellos traen consigo. Las investi- gaciones muestran resultados similares en cuanto a la presencia de los estereotipos entre los estudiantes y los alumnos que aprenden español como lengua extranjera. Aparecen tanto los negativos como los positivos, aunque los segundos emergen en mayor medida, lo que está a favor del aprendizaje de la lengua española, así como a favor del crecimento de motivación y desarrollo de la competencia intercultural.

О БОГАТСТВУ СРПСКОГ ЈЕЗИЧКОГ НАСЛЕЂА

Author(s): Aleksandra M. Antić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 71/2020

Humorous elements in virtual onymic creations

Author(s): Magdalena Kawęcka / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

Informal use of anthroponymy is an integral part of the lexical resource of every language. The subject of this article is issues related to media onomastics (the review concerns terminology in internet forums). The aim of the article is the material exemplification of proper names, emphasising their formal features and ways of functioning on a specific communication plane.The task is to show certain tendencies and motivations in the field of creating virtual proper names in terms of their humorous value. In accordance with the adopted research perspective and the purpose of this article, when explaining the process of creating media onyms, reference was made to the mechanisms of name-forming derivation and the theory of humour, in particular the theory of incongruity. The specific communication channel creates new opportunities for language users and is an interesting research field for onomasts because, with the development of computer technology, the terminology began to go beyond the traditionally accepted standards

Взаємопроникнення стилістичних елементів магічного реалізму, слов’янського фольклору, художньої фантастики в контексті граматичної репрезентації часових координат у романі В. Стевановича Убогi

Author(s): Weronika Jarmak,Olena Vashenko / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 3/2024

The article examines the relationship, interaction and grammatical repertoire of different tense forms of the Serbian verb in the context of verbal representation of time coordinates in the novel The Wretched by the famous Serbian writer V. Stevanović. The linguistic aspect, the mechanism of layering in the time paradigm of a perfect sample of magical realism, is analyzed. In this research, data from related scientific fields were involved and an attempt was made to determine which features inherent in the poetics of the mentioned work in terms of time plan unite it with examples of postmodernism, and which methods are related to the peculiarities of the temporal characteristics of the Serbian folk-song epic tradition, Serbian lyric poetry, with time formulas in bugaršticas, with poetic techniques of artistic fiction. The stylistic role of synthetic preterite forms of the Serbian verb, various shifts in the semantics of the present etc. are characterized.

Impact of Task-based and Task-supported L2 Teaching on the Use of Connective Markers in Learners’ Written Performance

Author(s): Tomasz Róg,Artur Urbaniak / Language(s): English Issue: 10/2024

The current study investigates the impact of two types of instruction on teaching connective markers in learners’ written performance. Eighty-two EFL learners were assigned to two experimental groups (EG1, n = 2 9 a nd E G2, n = 25) and one control group (CG, n = 28). The experimental groups were introduced to a set of connective markers in two sessions. EG1 followed a task-based approach, while EG2 experienced task-supported language teaching. CG took part in regular classes that were not intended to teach connective markers. The analysis of variance showed that instruction in both experimental groups positively impacted the number and quality of connective markers used in learners’ essays, with a slight but non-significant advantage of TBLT in the delayed post-test. The study is timely in that it addresses an inconclusive line of research on L2 pragmatics instruction, investigates the thriving area of task-based teaching, and employs the most often-used type of essay on a nationwide secondary school-leaving examination.