SAḤŪRI WALA TBŪRI ELATIVE STRUCTURES IN COLLOQUIAL PALESTINIAN ARABIC PROVERBS

Author(s): Ward Aqil / Language(s): English Issue: 16/2016

Elative structures are very frequent in old Arabic proverbs and in colloquial Arabic proverbs as well. The structure “X wala Y” is one of the most frequent and special elative structures in Arabic proverbs in general. The primary goal of this article is to introduce this structure and its specificity, considering the other elative structures which were found in Palestinian Arabic (PA) proverbs, and in Standard Arabic (SA) proverbs.

Les items à facettes — le cas du nom journal

Author(s): Magdalena Perz / Language(s): French Issue: 34/2022

The aim of this article is to examine the difficulties faced by any analysis of lexical meaning. This study concerns the French noun journal and the diversity of interpretative effects. Magdalena Perz investigates different approaches adopted by linguists—notion of lexical facets, dense metonymy when analysing semantic complexity of certain words. The problems of word senses and word sense description are vividly discussed, yet there are still many questions, such as relations between linguistics forms and extralinguistic reality to be answered in this field of research. The major problem arising from polysemy is the precise distinction between polysemy, metonymy and various theoretical tools developed in the field of lexical semantics.

Umberto Eco – professione reporter?

Author(s): Wojciech Soliński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2023

Wojciech Soliński analyzes 2008 Polish translations of two reportages by Umberto Eco, written and published in 1968 after his stay in Prague, during the intervention of the Warsaw Pact troops, and in Warsaw, after the March events. Soliński’s interpretation of these reportages is accompanied by reflections on the art of reportage and on the theory of mass communication, etc., present in numerous works by Eco scholars and novels such as The Name of the Rose (Il nome della rosa) or Numero Zero. Remarks on the art of reportage can also be easily found in journalistic texts, including occasional texts (e.g., in the Introduction to the Italian and Polish editions of Marco Polo’s Description of the World). Today’s reportages reveal all the advantages and disadvantages of this type of writing activity, which are not only the result of the temporal and spatial distance.

Style współczesnego reportażu wojennego: Wojciech Tochman i Wojciech Jagielski

Author(s): Ewa Sławek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2023

The article formulates a thesis that two eminent Polish writers covering war situations represent two different literary styles (idiostyles): Tochman's can be subsumed under the term „minimalist-rhetorical", whereas Jagielski's could be described as „metaphorical". To prove this thesis, the article makes use of linguistic analytical tools to interpret such works as Tochman's „Like eating stone. Surviving the Past in Bosnia", „The Crowing of Cocks and the Weeping of Dogs" and Jagielski's „Praying for Rain", „Towers of Stone. The Battle of Wills in Chechnya". Tochman's minimalism results from a creative treatment of syntax, the use of most basic syntactic constructions and verbless sentences as well as straight-forward announcement of facts. On the other hand, Jagielski's effort focuses on semantics, hence the abundance of metaphors, comparisons, and epithets.

Poetyckie gry językowe jako narzędzie wojennej propagandy (na materiale „Okien TASS”)

Author(s): Agata Jankowicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

The objective of the study is to identify the role of pun language games in propaganda texts. The analysis was based on the works of Soviet poets which consist a part of propagandistic posters “TASS Windows” of the II World War period. The empirical material include the “TASS Windows” posters from the collections of the Perm State Art Gallery, the Vladimir Dahl State Museum of the History of Russian Literature in Moscow and the Russian State Lenin Library in Moscow. The analysis covers examples of language games based on homonymy, paronymy, polysemy, transformation of stable word combinations, as well as etymological figure. The study shows how the poems contained in the TASS posters served to depress the image of the enemy and create a unified picture of reality, based on the opposition “us – them” and corresponding to the wartime propaganda of success.

Semiotaktyka znaczników hieratycznych: wybrane zagadnienia struktury znaku i procesów semiologicznych

Author(s): Małgorzata Haładewicz-Grzelak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 11/2023

Małgorzata Haładewicz-Grzelak’s aim in this article is to present the epistemological potential of the semiotactic model in analysis of the cultural opposition of sacred/profane. The research area is the socially constructed cultural space, defined as the sacrosphere. The semiotactic model is based on the insights of contemporary phonology (see e.g. Dziubalska-Kołaczyk, 2009) and examines the possibilities of combining signs and their postulated primes. In the paradigm defined in this way, I focus on defining some of the semiotic processes to which selected hieratic markers of the sacrosphere are subject (elements of St. Nicholas’ iconography, roadside shrines and the Moses Tablets). In particular I focus on the simplification of the internal structure of the sign I also discuss heuristically isolated components of a hieratic sign, such as directionality with variants, elevatio and locativus.

Listy Gottloba Fregego. Uwagi o polskim wydaniu [rec. Gottlob Frege: „Korespondencja naukowa”]

Author(s): Krystian Bogucki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 48/2022

The present article reviews the Polish-language edition of Gottlob Frege’s scientific correspondence. In the article, I discuss the material hitherto unpublished in Polish in relation to the remainder of Frege’s works. First of all, I inquire into the role and nature of definitions. Then, I consider Frege’s recognition criteria for sameness of thoughts. In the article’s third part, I study letters devoted to the principle of semantic compositionality, while in the fourth part I discuss Frege’s remarks concerning the context principle.

Meaning-generating mechanisms and the semiosphere: Towards the semiotics of modern apocrypha

Author(s): Małgorzata Jankowska / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

Both ancient and modern apocrypha have already been widely dis-cussed in various fields of academic research, for example in religious, biblical or literary studies. Although such analyses say much about the historical and religious background of apocryphal writings and enable us to discover the depth of the symbolic resources used in such texts, they do not fully reveal the cultural impact of the canon. That is why a broader cultural analysis of both the canon and the apocrypha should be based on different methods of research, such as those that are offered by cultural semiotics. From the standpoint of Lotmanian semiotics modern apocrypha may be viewed as examples of the working of culture. They can be regarded as e.g. creative translation of the canon, tools of cultural autocommunication, memory devices, and meaning-generating mechanisms which dynamize the semiosphere. Semiotic analysis underlines the cultural impact of the canon not only as a set of sacred writings but also as a kind of a “cultural code”. The canon as a paradigmatic cultural text (in Aleida Assmann’s sense) is a powerful meaning-generating mechanism in which a huge number of texts intertextually relate to one another. In such relations hypertexts point out the symbolic (often archaic) nucleus of culture (thus they illustrate the statics of the semiosphere), at the same time describing and/or provoking some cultural changes (due to which they correspond with the dynamic nature of the semiosphere).

Bulgarian culture and space in the religious context

Author(s): Ivo Velinov / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

In this contribution I apply the semiotic method of Juri Lotman to a specific physical location – a significant Bulgarian religious monastery, in order to elucidate the Bulgarian metahistorical tradition. Any process of communication with a religious text involves a complex relationship with the reader. A readership image hidden in the Bulgarian religious text has played a central role for many generations; therefore, in addition to analysing a physical location, the method of communication in the area of “cultural centrality” has also been examined. The discussion focuses on a specific metahistorical text, the Testament of John of Rila, and the ways in which it interacts with important geographical and cultural areas and their hidden dimensions of “semiotic spheres”. The Testament is a part of Bulgarian cultural legacy and its role in the area of the “extra-cultural” and “cultural periphery” is remarkable.

Jazyk, styl, sémantické kontexty. Přínos Karla Hausenblase k výzkumu uměleckých textů

Author(s): Petr Mareš / Language(s): Czech Issue: 5/2023

This paper focuses on publications by Karel Hausenblas on questions surrounding literature and literary texts. Hausenblas is one of the classics of Czech linguistic bohemistics, but he also published numerous articles of significance to the study of literature. This overview describes the main areas of Hausenblas’s literary explorations: His conception of style as a principle that integrates all levels of texts into a dynamic unit proved to be adequate to the complex structure of literary works. He analyzed the use of language in the works of various Czech writers and explored the semantic, thematic and communication structures in literature. He also dealt with the features of poetry and with the problems of literary translation. Karel Hausenblas’s legacy, combining theoretical elements with thorough analyses, still deserves interest and inspires us to follow.

Karel Hausenblas a teorie literatury

Author(s): Ondřej Sládek / Language(s): Czech Issue: 5/2023

This study discusses the approach of Karel Hausenblas (1923–2003), an important Czech linguist and Bohemist, towards literary theory. The main objectives of the study are: 1) to outline the basic theoretical and methodological principles of Karel Hausenblas’s scholarly research; 2) to present Hausenblas’s conception and treatment of selected terms from literary theory (especially “theme”, “literary character” and “space”). The author of the study demonstrates that the theoretical assumptions and methodological principles on which Hausenblas based his stylistic research draw significantly from Czech structuralism, formulating six of his most important theoretical and methodological principles. The outline of his treatment of such literary-theory concepts as “theme”, “literary character” and “space” make it clear that Hausenblas was not looking for a fundamentally new conception, but was much more concerned about their precise definition and correlation.

SEMIOTICS, ARTS AND CULTURE IN UMBERTO ECO’S WORKS

Author(s): Ana-Daniela Farcaș / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 35/2023

The subject of aesthetics and that of art does not appear only in the two relatively late volumes of Umberto Eco, Storia della bellezza (2004) and Storia della bruttezza (2007), but also in the works that deal with the subject of semiotics. In the two mentioned volumes the Italian semiotician makes the correlation between the existing canons in different eras and the way in which the ideas of beauty or ugliness were reflected in philosophy, art or writings. Regarding the semiotics of art, Eco resorts to the analysis of the artistic, poetic text from the perspective of semiotic theories.

Diagram, diagrammatics, and diagrammatology in semiotics

Author(s): Karl Joosep Pihel / Language(s): English Issue: 24/2023

The objective of Pihel’s chapter is to introduce the concept of the diagram, as found in contemporary semiotics, especially after a renewed interest in its role in Charles S. Peirce’s epistemology and logic, spearheaded by scholars such as Ahti-Veikko Pietarinen and Frederik Stjernfelt. This entails a re-evaluation of both diagrams and iconicity in Peirce’s thought, but also their role in modern semiotics, where the concept of the diagram can be seen to bridge Peircean semiotics and iconicity with studies on discrete symbolic systems such as natural language, bridging the gap with Saussurean semiotics, and between semiotics and cognitive linguistics and sciences, which rely on a similar schematism as being inherent to cognition. The chapter proceeds by giving an overview of Peirce’s conception of the diagram-sign and its role in his semiotics and sign-typology. Following that undertaking, the chapter considers conceptual parallels between diagrams and other developments in modern semiotics and humanities. Finally, it considers an alternative conception of the diagram concept, as found in works by Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari. Pihel’s main academic interests are in music semiotics, Peircean semiotics in general, and the study of diagrammatic signs in music in particular. He has divided his time and interest between both practice and theoretical study of music and semiotics, having previously written on the modelling of space and motion in music, and on the narrative analysis of classical music. More recently, he has devoted time to Deleuzean and continental philosophical thought.

Digital Transformation of Education: Semiotic and Interdisciplinary Perspectives

Author(s): Kristian Bankov / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

ASPECTS HUMORISTIQUES DES CHRONIQUES DE FOUAD LAROUI : LE CAS DE L’ANGLAIS QUI VEUT SAUVER AL HOCEIMA

Author(s): Elarbi ELBAKKALI / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2023

The paper addresses some humorous aspects of the writer Fouad Laroui’s chronicles posted on the French-speaking Moroccan information site Le360. To this end, our analysis focuses on an article published on August 3, 2016: The Englishman who wants to save Al Hoceima. We seek to detect all the characteristics of the irony that the author adopts each time to create humour in the eyes of the reader. In principle, the humorous statement depends radically on the social and psychological identity of the speakers. As already mentioned, our analysis of Laroui's chronicle focuses on narrative irony, more specifically, its tools and characteristics

Език, култура и дейност: Съпоставително изследване на български и шведски разговорен език

Author(s): Bilyana Martinovski / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: Special/2024

Spoken language is fundamental for human cognition and for the development of the human brain and human society yet it is not as rigorously studied as language structure. One of the reasons is the difficulty of combining qualitative and quantitative methods of analysis in longitudinal studies based on authentic multimodal interaction data. The purpose of this paper is to examine cross-activity linguistic differences and similarities of spoken Bulgarian and Swedish and to propose methods for analysis of the relation between activity, culture and language in spoken language interaction. The results of this empirical study show that activity type has strongest impact on face-to-face spoken language interaction. The article presents hybrid qualitative-quantitative methods and sixteen measures for cross-linguistic cross-activity spoken language analysis.

За някои разстройства на детската реч: ранен детски аутизъм, вербална диспраксия на развитието, фетален алкохолен синдром

Author(s): Evelina Grigorova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: Special/2024

The main function of speech is the communicative one, i.e. the transmission of comprehensive information from the speaker to his interlocutor and vice versa. The communicative chain model has long been known in linguistics and its simplified form includes addressee (encoding)→ message/noise→ (decoding)→ addressee. It can be seen that interference could occur on both sides of the communication chain. In this paper, we will briefly describe some problems in communication due to pervasive developmental disorders such as early childhood autism as well as developmental verbal dyspraxia, and fetal alcohol syndrome. A relationship between neural patterns and the disorders under consideration will be outlined in general terms.

Не те чух: опит за обяснение на една глаголна употреба в разговорния български език през погледа върху етимологията

Author(s): Simeon Stefanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: Special/2024

The text attempts to explain the use of a verb in Bulgarian colloquial speech by exam-ining the etymology of the corresponding common Slavic verb. On the basis of the registered forms in Slavic and the formal semantic parallels in more distant Indo-European languages, as well as what is known in science regarding the possible semantic evolution of the verbs for sense perception, an assumption is made as to what the considered meaning is due to.

Interlingvistilise tõlke roll ja osakaal lavastuses: Tom Stoppardi “Leopoldstadt”

Author(s): Raili Lass / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 20/2023

This article is a case study of an English-Estonian interlingual translation of Tom Stoppard’s “Leopoldstadt” and the Estonian stage production of the same play. The analysis uses material translation theory in the context of drama translation, approaching the stage production as a semiosphere, i.e., a temporally and spatially limited sphere where meaning is constructed in communication among different sign systems. The analysis is constructed similarly to the translational process: first, we analyse the English-language play as a source text (keeping in mind that this, too, is the result of intertextual translational processes). Second, we will analyse the English-Estonian interlingual translation by Kalle Hein. Third, we will analyse the intersemiotic translation of the stage production in Vanemuine (staged by Tiit Palu, premiered in September 2023). Lastly, we will revisit the interlingual translation to see if different phrasing of the same thought could have any effect on the end result, and vice versa: could the stage production and mise-en-scène, i.e., the interplay of different meaning-making systems and theatrical signs have an effect on the interlingual translation? The main objective of this analysis is to offer drama translators insight about the life span of a translated play to enable more meaningful choices in their translations.

Универсальное и специфическое в анималистической метафоре

Author(s): Elena Stoyanova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2017

Eagle is one of the oldest symbols. The significance of the eagle as the social and cultural unity is born in the depths of the world culture. Studied language material shows that the semantics of sustainable combinations in different languages determined by the action of such mythologemes as eagle ~ deity and eagle ~ people.