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Jesteśmy tutaj i gdzie indziej. Magia sceniczna końca XIX wieku a pojawienie się (i zanikanie) wirtualnego obrazu jako korzenie kina

Author(s): Tom Gunning / Language(s): Polish Issue: 03/2013

This essay is not only written to widen the prehistory of cinema with the story of magical illusions. Too often, this type of genealogy was limited to enumerating consecutive technological innovations, suggesting a teleological advance leading to the invention of cinema. I rather hope that I draw the attention of researchers dealing with cinema on the longue durée of visual media and on the complex consonance of technology, spectatorship and visual imagery, so important at the end of the 19th century.

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Fanfiction a funkcjonowanie literatury popularnej. Zarys perspektywy historycznej

Author(s): Aldona Kobus / Language(s): Polish Issue: 03/2013

An essay attempting to trace an early history of fan fiction, taking it not only as a production of fandom’s artefacts but also as a pop cultural strategy of creation, a very part of reception and function of popular literature. Studying examples of the early fandoms, such as Jane Austen’s and Arthur Conan Doyle’s novels, their fan-made sequels and other works based on their output and their position as a part of official publishing market, the text tries to undermine narrow understanding fan fiction as very young and subversive part of modern culture. It focuses also on specific situation of collective writing and grassroots distribution of so called “weird fiction” at the beginning of 20th century upon studying the case of H. P. Lovecraft’s novels. By comparison of status of fan‐written stories at the beginning of the century and in the late 60s, it queries about changes not only on the publishing market but also in our understanding of authorship and literary work, the function of intertextuality in popular culture and stigmatisation of fan‐written works.

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Patrząc wstecz. Współczesny dokument wobec PRL-u

Author(s): Julia Banaszewska,Karol Jachymek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 01/2013

The article concentrates on how PRL images function in Polish documentary cinematography made after 1989. The authors bethink the presence of memories of communist experiences in modern documentaries, differentiating two basic (and characteristic for this period of Polish cinema) tendencies of presenting the images of socialist past: PRL understood as a battlefield and PRL as an object of peculiar nostalgia (or play).

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Youtube.Doc. Dokument otwarty na wpisy amatorów.

Author(s): Weronika M. Lewandowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 01/2013

YouTube can be perceived as a platform for change in many areas of culture, mainly as “an open document” which reveals performative potential for amateur activities. Receivers become senders, involved in different kinds of activities with video: creation of new content, publishing, digitization, comment and criticism. “Viral meme of performativity”, through You Tube, is changing documentary cinema, art, journalism. The aesthetics of post‐production predominates in online creation. On YouTube, we can find videos of various sources and aims. The most performative are streamed and “remixed/alternative version” footages. The performative video is one in which members of the audience take over the role of the author, co‐creating the original interpretative context, temporarily transforming themselves and the visual surroundings in the video act by changing the environment and contributing to other more permanent transformation, often undermining current norms and releasing energy in a creative activity. In this way, by presenting their activities in the network, amateurs shape the new culture; You Tube becomes an interactive video art gallery, a cinema that we all co‐create.

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Food documentary jako oręż żywieniowych aktywistów. O metodach prezentacji światopoglądu w filmach Super Size Me oraz Food, Inc.

Author(s): Aleksandra Drzał-Sierocka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 01/2013

The issue of food in film has been analyzed in at least a dozen interesting publications. However, a majority of them pertains to feature movies. Although there is a large group of documentaries in which food plots are dominant and there is a popular term food documentary, often using in descriptions and reviews, this type of documentary is still waiting for detail, academic analysis. In the first part of my thesis I shortly describe characteristics of food documentary. Then I concentrate on the analysis of two of them: Super Size Me (2004) by Morgan Spurlock and Food, Inc. (2008) by Robert Kenner. They have some strong similarities, as they both represent socalled food activist documentary. But on the other hand, there are also few important differences.

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Spory o przestrzeń. Kilka uwag o uczestnictwie w konflikcie

Author(s): Magda Szcześniak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 04/2012

The article deals with the social conflict, which developed around the infamous cross in front of the Presidential Palace in Warsaw. On April 15th 2010, eleven days after the Polish Presidential plane crashed in Smoleńsk, members of the Polish Scout Association placed an approx. ten feet tall wooden cross in front of the Presidential Palace. Initially a place of mourning, soon enough the site became became a space of a political and cultural conflict revolving around the issues of religion and its visibility in public spaces. The dispute about whether the cross should remain outside the Presidential Palace or whether it should be removed, engaged many different types of “publics” and undermined the popular belief in the possibility of a consensus. Drawing on Chantal Mouffe’s and Ernesto Laclau’s theory of radical democracy, the author analyzes the multiple interventions in the “representative” public space in front of the Presidential Palace – of the scouts, who installed the cross; of the so called “defenders of the cross,” who occupied the area around it, once the Presidential Office decided to remove it; of the counter‐demonstrators, who supported the decision to move the cross to a nearby church. Seen as examples of democracy in practice, these interventions also help us to deconstruct such seemingly neutral concepts as the “public sphere,” “public space,” and “common good.”

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Konkurencja wyobraźni. Kobiece tabu w reklamie

Author(s): Aleksandra Korczyc / Language(s): Polish Issue: 04/2012

Throughout this century, the role of women and men in society has changed, and majority of people feel this change is for the better. Is this true? Traditional views of the position of women and men within society are so deeply ingrained. This deep-rooted opinions use media‐ television and they makes and still perpetuates stereotypes. The article present the analysis the role of woman and men in advertising. The quantitative and qualitative analysis is based on TV advertisements taken from 4 TV programmes: TVP1, TVP2, Polsat, TVN. Deep analysis concerns the influence of the presentation gender in the life.

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Pomiędzy tabu a pornografią. Graficzne reprezentacje śmierci w prasie

Author(s): Łukasz Kałużny / Language(s): Polish Issue: 04/2012

In much‐cited essay “The Pornography of Death”, Goeffrey Gorer argued that, since the twentieth century, death had exchanged positions with sex as the taboo subject. Nevertheless, its portrayals had not completely disappeared, but rather re‐appeared in the form of entertainment genre – viewed as pornographic because of its brutality, exploitation, and distance from emotions like grief. This seminal claims are updated with a discussion of the relation between taboo and pornography in the context of contemporary media images of actual death. Examining the photographic coverage of death in one of the leading national Polish newspaper (also, compared to one German and one Australian), the article follows such questions as: How confrontational is that coverage? How actually visible and present is death? Does the news media participate in or challenge modern death taboo? Is there still much to value in Gorer’s argument in this context?

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Kultura nienawiści na portalach społecznościowych jako zaburzenie tabuizacji

Author(s): Rafał Ilnicki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 04/2012

This article shows how in social portals is establishing culture of hate. This concepts is explicated by connecting it with processes of taboo destruction. Author states that is the main reason of existence such culture, because every attack on established values in culture produces affective responses from users that are o ended by it. This lead to creation of specific model of user that takes form of gamer‐parastie, which gains satisfaction from disturbing taboos. There is also strong emphasis on mechanism of such an culture production, which leads to establishing relatively strong connections between users and the systems of data transmission that forms dispositifs of hate. In the end there is shown how it is possible to by destructing taboos there are new taboos established.

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Bo źle złożyłem tapczan u teściów. Przemoc domowa wobec mężczyzn

Author(s): Diana Karwowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 04/2012

In 1977, appeared a new term, „battered husband syndrome”. Still little is said about wives/partners-oppressors. An additional problem is that ladies often apply the „invisible” psychological violence. Quite significantly failed to sensitize public opinion on the phenomenon of violence against women and children, but also perpetuated the image of man as the only possible offender. Husband/partner is usually the victim of jokes and the object of pity. My analysis is focused on newspaper articles and cabaret work. I wonder also on differences in the situation of victims of both sexes.

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Wstęp: E-folklor

Author(s): Wojciech Józef Burszta,Adam Pomieciński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 03/2012

Texts in this issue show different emanations of the new/old environment, which is the internet for folkloristic content. This is the everyday life that we observe and in which we participate. After all, the Internet itself is becoming a creation of a "folk" imagination, saturated with multimedia narratives, which - like in traditional folklore - have a collective author. So far, there was no such anonymous medium that allowed the rapid spread of folk narratives about the world. By entering the discussion forums, blogs, fan sites and other forms of online activity, we realize that the internet reproduces the need for community, but in a technological form. And such need is always built on stories.

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Folklorystyczny nerw internetu. Wspólnotowa przestrzeń emocji i wyobraźni

Author(s): Janina Hajduk-Nijakowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 03/2012

Alongside the rapid development of new media, in particular the Internet, the processes of shaping new paradigm of a folk-type culture and emergence of the phenomena referred to as e-folklore have been increasing. The e-folklore, as a part of the network culture, is radically different from traditional folklore. The content, which was present outside of the network, is naturally transferred to the Internet, mainly by its users. New technologies successfully inspire the users' creativity, thanks to which old content is gradually modified and changed, gaining new forms (e.g. the so called chain letters, false virus warnings, urban legends, conspiracy theories, miraculous events, etc.). The new forms of humour expressions are of particular interest (a new type of the Internet joke, photoshopping, memes), which lead to the emergence of a global humour culture and the phenomenon of visual folklore. The users' activity in the net can be characterised as folkloristic and is an example of the upward convergence (according to Jenkins), which supports the need to participate in a defined, virtual community, in the realm of common emotions and imagination.

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Od folkloru do protez egzystencjalnych. Kulturowe znaczenie portalu Facebook

Author(s): Rafał Ilnicki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 03/2012

Article is divided into two parts. First one examines the condition under folklore is created on Facebook portal. I’m examining communication and participation rituals and customs. Second focuses on more general mechanisms of functioning of this social medium. The main emphasis is put on the relation between technological infrastructure and users action. I’m introducing the concept of collective disintentionalization, which occurs because Facebook’s regulation that encourage rather short term participation contained within the portal.This mechanism forces users to create folklores as an strategy of resistance to hyperinstrumentalization. In the summary I’m showing how we could speak of evolution in Facebook from creating folklore to the role of existential prostheses. Also cultural importance of this social medium is strongly emphasized.

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Miejsce folkloru w konstruowaniu współczesnego świata

Author(s): Jan Kajfosz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 03/2012

The paper answers the question, how folkloristic narrations participate in the social construction of reality. The notion of folklore relates here - in accordance with propositions of P.G. Bogatyrev and R. Jakobson – to poetic texts aimed at la langue. Such texts are conventional in the sense that their semantic structures are broadly reproduced inside one communicative society. Habitualisation based on more or less accurate repeatability of stereotypical representations,motives, action scenarios, rationalisations and motivations, is the source of relatively stabile world image. Folkloristic texts participate this way in constitution of experiences, beliefs and cognitive (noetic and behavioral) habitsof its agents. In the folkloristic creativity the collective images of the past which legitimize changing social institutions are very often unnoticed adjusted to such changes. Hence, narratives reproduced within a society which are considered by its members as memorates are very often fabulated. The author focuses especially on connotation which seems to be crucial for “tacit“ legitimizations of various phenomena. He follows diverse reciprocal legitimizations between representations in folkloristic narratives and representations spread by media.

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Sieć objawień. O pewnym wymiarze e-folkloru religijnego

Author(s): Piotr Siuda / Language(s): Polish Issue: 03/2012

The article aims to characterise the phenomenon which is a manifestation of the Internet-based religious folklore – Internet accounts of revelations which have a clear spiritual base. Due to the connections of such e-visions with religion, in order to illustrate them it is key to describe the types of religious content occurring in cyberspace. Within it, four dimensions of spirituality may be distinguished, and the folklore depending on the occurrence of various e-revelations is to be assigned to two of them: the one concerning the account character of the Internet which, as a communication tool, allows the visionaries to reach a wide audience, and the one connected with the emergence of new religious phenomena on the Internet which are only quite lightly related to the big official religions such as Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, and other. Folklore is ‘people’s power’, therefore, in the case of its variety that consists in informing about one’s mystical experiences via the Internet, the superior role of any church authority figures is out of the question. The e-revelations are experienced by ‘amateurs’ and not by the representatives of the clergy or theologians, which locates the phenomenon in the sphere of the currently dominant selective (private) religiousness and the one which blurs all church hierarchies. The text presents numerous examples of e-places connected with visions, both the religious and the quasi-religious ones – they are shown, among other things, from the angle of the currently changing Marian revelations. For the author, an important exemplification of the discussed e-folklore are also all services on the apocalyptic prophecies – although they sometimes go beyond the strictly religious discourse (and they enter the pop-cultural one, for example), still the mystical experiences pertaining to the end of the world are always located within the sphere of spirituality. The end of the article offers several paths to be followed in further research on this part of e-folklore which are the religious visions.

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„[ ` ] [ ` ] [ ` ] :((( :*...” Praktyki żałobne w cyberprzestrzeni

Author(s): Magdalena Kamińska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 03/2012

The article discusses the assembly of death lore including funeral rites, `rituals of sorrow`, their textual representations and other media artifacts (for example, digital gravestones, memorials, books of condolence, emotical grave candles and other) appearing as a new folklore currently created in cyberenvironments. The practices, artifacts and texts are appearing in a following site-genres: different kinds of virtual human, pet and emotion cemeteries, cybergenealogical sites in their communal and individual embodiment, social portals and environments created by „angel`s moms”, or bereaved mothers. Their `rituals of sorrow` can be account as a proposal of innovative cultural practice of grief.

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I want a third pill. Tożsamość w sieci – czyli jak cyborg stał się wirusem

Author(s): Mariusz Kania / Language(s): Polish Issue: 03/2012

“To be, or not to be, this is the question”, this famous sentence from Shakespeare’s Hamlet is very actual nowadays in the context of Internet, but maybe much important question is: how we are exist in Internet? First of all I would like to surpass the ideas about duality of physical and digital reality in the context of human identity. By the psychoanalytical tools I would like to show my fieldwork experience on the ground of human sexuality in Second Life. It will allow me to see human practice in Internet from different angle. From my perspective man be came cyborg, which exist as a computer virus. I will show his agency using wide perspective of theoretical tools from Computer Science to Marxist theory. It will help me to explain our hyperactivity in Internet, and why it became so important in our lives.

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Recenzja książki: Magdalena Kamińska, Niecne memy. Dwanaście wykładów o kulturze Internetu

Author(s): Barbara Giza / Language(s): Polish Issue: 03/2012

Book Review: Magdalena Kamińska, Niecne memy. Dwanaście wykładów o kulturze Internetu, Poznań: Galeria Miejska „Arsenał” 2011, s. 320 - by Barbara Giza

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Przedmioty lansu. O funkcjoznakach w badaniu praktyk codziennych służących autoprezentacji i budowaniu tożsamości

Author(s): Przemysław Rura / Language(s): Polish Issue: 02/2017

In this paper I discuss the results of research on „Lans” in relation to the "tool box" provided by semiology. Particular attention I pay to constructing meanings of co-participating in the construction of identity and self-presentation. I also diagnose contemporary sign-functions. The article consists of three parts. The first part is an introduction, in which I outline the theoretical basis of research and use analysis of the semiological categories. In the second part I present fragments of research results. In the last part I undertake to explain the results and relate them to broader contexts of meaning, taking into account the multiplicity of optics and ways of interpreting sign-functions.

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Plątanina linii, blokowość i linearność

Author(s): Paweł Lasota,Magdalena Mosiejuk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 02/2017

The article is a consideration of differences between block thinking (blocks, compositions) and line thinking (movement, knots). It is also an attempt to describe the experience of working with a robot as a new project practice in which we ponder: is a robot as a designer's tool closer to the experience of craftsmanship, or to the modern practice of computer-assisted design? It is also a description of our final project "Knotty" involving translating the technique of knitting into the language (movement) of a robot, being the practical answer to the questions and theoretical problems stated above.

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