Неравенство в системата на училищното образование

Author(s): Elena Lavrentsova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2018

The article discusses the issue of inequality in accessibility and quality of education, which is rightly considered to be one of the most significant and current in contemporary socio-political and pedagogical research. It reveals the deep connection between inequality, ontologically rooted in the foundations of society and the institutional nature of education. Various constraints and barriers on the way to obtaining a quality school education are outlined. The situation in Bulgaria is characterized, where educational inequality has become one of the persistent institutes in the post-communist period in the development of the country.

На границата на интердисциплинарния подход към историята – насилието и някои ключови моменти от европейското минало през приз­мата на един опит за историко-психологически анализ

Author(s): Dimitar Petkov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2018

The methods of the historical analysis are not sufficient to explain the past, because there is no history without psychology and there is no psychology without history. That is the main thesis of the present article. From that point of view, the author proposes an interdisciplinary explanation of the key moments from the European history, which combine the historical with psychological, as well as the philosophical analysis. These moments are: the rise of European civilization / the domination of European civilization over the rest of the world, the war and the violence that this civilization produces as a destructive force. The author tries to explain the destructive moments in the European history by means of the archetype “shadow”, which Carl Gustav Jung uses as а part of his theory for the collective unconscious. In the analyses some of Sigmund Freud’s opinions for the violence of the Human nature are used. On the base of the interdisciplinary analysis the author tries to explain the co-existence of creative and destructive principles in the course of the development of European society.

Базови превенционни програми при проблеми в поведението при деца в яслена и в предучилищна възраст

Author(s): Svetla Staykova,Gergana Petrova,Ana Deneva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2016

Behavioral problems of infancy and preschool children tend to persist when left untreated and place affected individuals at higher risk of compromised outcomes. There is an increasing public interest in the possibility that early intervention or preventive efforts could reduce the severity or even prevent mental disorders later in life. Identifying children who are at risk of developing an emotional or behavioral disorder can help to intervene before negative behaviors become entrenched. Early identification of behavioral difficulties and early implementation of family support programs promote better mental health outcomes for children at risk of behavioral, emotional and mental health problems. Therefore it is essential to provide a systematic, organized support to children before going to school, even in kindergarten and creche groups.

Немските военнопленници в Гулаг и значението им за СССР

Author(s): Hristina Pavlova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2018

Between 1941 – 1945 around 3,2 million German POWs are confronted with the harsh realities of the Soviet Gulag. From them 1,1 million die of exhaustion, illnesses and hunger. This article will try to follow the journey of the German POWs from the battle field to the labor camps, their way of life during captivity and the challenges surrounding their repatriation. A considerable part of the POWs stay in the Soviet camps up until 1956. Here we will try to answer the question whether their long captivity lies in the Soviet’s demand for cheap labor or in the Soviet’s willingness to use the German POWs as an instrument for applying pressure on the Western powers and the FRG.

Северна Тракия – случаи на миграции и депортации през ХV – ХVІІ в. и техният исторически контекст

Author(s): Damian Borisov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2018

The aim of the discourse is to add informatively, so far as it is possible, and contextualize direct and indirect records from initial document sources for the status and the settlement of ethnocultural communities, different from the Bulgarian (Tartarian, Serbian, Hungarian – for instance), in Northern Thrace in the period XV – XVII century. In this way a segment of the common reconstruction of the processes of ethnodemographic and settlement dynamics in the defined geographic perimeter will be build.

Тормозът между учениците (емпирично изследване)

Author(s): Donka Nikova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2018

This article presents some results of an empirical research on the topic of bullying at school. The results describe the sample according to the ways of bullying at school, the usual places where it occurs and the distribution of this phenomenon among the students in particular school in Sofia (Bulgaria). The results and analysis of the results are presented in two parts: general results and results by gender. Poll and statistical methods are used in the research. The results of the empirical research are representative for the studied school and orientative for the schools in Bulgaria.

Позитивна учебна среда

Author(s): Valentina Sharlanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2018

The current problems in education, such as school aggression, dropout, low motivation and low learning achievements, development of key competencies, are connected with features of the learning environment. One of the ways to deal with them is to build a positive learning environment. The article discusses contemporary ideas about the learning environment, the positive learning environment, the effective learning environment. Some opportunities have been outlined to build a positive learning environment through encouragement in a personalized educational process.

Децата в конфликт със закона и участието им в химерни групи

Author(s): Raya Dimitrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2018

The paper discusses the concept of children’s participation in law conflict within chimeric groups such as deviant subcultures as a result of the various factor influence and reasons associated with the main social institutions. The substance of the issue is determined by the growing forms of group aggression, group criminality and violence among adolescents that go beyond frames of school institutions and occupy the public domain. The target of the survey are minors placed in a correctional educational institution - boarding school. These children are in conflict with the law where social behavior is expressed in different forms of deviant and delinquent behavior. Their manifestations are not just aggressive, they are related to a high degree of public risk because they carry out acts punishable by law. The research interest is related to the specification of the determinants for inclusion in the chimeric groups and their influence on the subsequent behavior of adolescents.

Анатомия на човешката деструктивност

Author(s): Michaela Slavcheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2018

Contemporary human beings are a solid, sometimes ambivalent, combination of constructive and destructive powers. Building something new is an inevitable necessity, a useful experience and gives an essential meaning in life. The destruction is a dangerous phenomenon that undoubtedly brings some kind of loss – identity, conception of the world, self-knowledge and adequate evaluation, etc. The anatomy of human destruction is a complex system of pathologies. It focuses on the darkest, unsuspected places of our mind and soul whom not everyone is ready to deal with.

Фокус групата като метод при оценяване на приложението на Закона за защита от домашно насилие

Author(s): Georgi Dimitrov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2019

Focus groups are appropriate method for studying the practices of preventing domestic violence at a regional level. The method provides a reflexive space for identification of collective insights in the course of group interactions and preservation and registration of the implicit individual preferences of participants in the group discussion. Focus groups are organized in order to study the relationships of the target groups with the institutions in Razgrad district and the extent of their involvement in the process of prevention of domestic violence. Sharing of own experiences and ideas and the interactive comparison of the viewpoints of the participants that arise during group interactions in thematic focus groups, provide a more complete picture of the phenomena studied. The dynamics of symbolic interactions and the social exchange of information in the group process of the focus group reveals additional, subdivided views on the content and validity of the empirical data collected by this method. The focus groups do not apply the survey-specific pressures for a structured response to the moderator’s questions, which allows a higher level of authentic sharing and understanding of the experiences, attitudes, practices and relationships presented.

Risk Factors for Early School Leaving in Bulgaria

Author(s): Petar Valkov,Elena Lavrentsova / Language(s): English Issue: 7/2019

In the paper attention is drawn to the phenomenon of early school leaving, which is regarded through the prism of the stratification mechanisms in the field of secondary school education in Bulgaria. A special emphasis is placed on educational segregation, related to a widening of the gap between different types of Bulgarian schools. The authors present the data of an empirical study on the opinions of secondary school students in Bulgaria about the early school leaving phenomenon, attempting to highlight a number of risk determinants that trigger school failure as a consequence of certain life and educational trajectories. It is emphasized that both a profound understanding of the risk factors, associated with early school leaving, and potential remedies should be considered in the context of a much broader socio-structural framework and a horizon of sociocultural meanings, including those, related to ethnicity. The paper concludes with a description of some main tools for prevention within the socio-existential perspective.

Училищна превенция на употребата на психоактивни вещества при ученици от V – VII клас

Author(s): Penka Kozhuharova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 8/2019

The aim of the study is to explore the trends in the alcohol and drug abuse among students from 5-th to 7-th grade and, subsequently, to define problematic areas as well as the appropriate interventions for the implementation of a prevention school-based program in this setting. The program builds on an on-going three year prevention among teenagers. It is run by a team of teachers, experts and young volunteers. The structure and the aspects of the program are presented. In 2017, the study was conducted by using standardized questionnaires and an intervention in a group of 1,396 7-th grade students from 36 schools in the South-Eastern Region of Bulgaria. Their results have been compared with a control group of 7-th grade students. The selected indicators for the assessment of the tobacco and alcohol abuse were: frequency of use, age at first alcohol or tobacco use, use patterns, and sexual development. Furthermore, risk factors as well as protective factors associated with the peers groups and family environment have been studied. Pedagogical aspects in the implementation of the school-based program were addressed by the awareness and attitudes of students towards drug abuse, a dedicated curriculum, methods and forms of preventive action. In conclusion, the established program managed to: reduce the proportion of students who smoke occasionally; delay the first tobacco use; decrease the rates of tobacco use when meeting peers. Although there was no significant overall difference between the two groups in the frequency of alcohol use, the frequency of alcohol abuse at parties decreased significantly; a higher proportion of students in the intervention group claimed not having friends who have ever tried drugs.

Посланици на здравето

Author(s): Valeria Dimova,Tzetzka Valkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2016

Students of 1st High School, provoked by the unfavorable trend of increasing obesity in children, conducted its own study on the prevalence of the problem in their school. With overweight appeared about 23% of the children. Therefore the initiators of the idea developed an appropriate set of actions to protect and restore health. The results show that for five months the monitored students decreased the consumption of white bread, fried foods and soft drinks. The number of those who consume fruits, vegetables, dairy products and fish has increased. The consumption of salt was reduced. There was an increase in consuming water also.

Спорт срещу агресията и насилието в училище

Author(s): Rossitsa Hristova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2016

The article shares experience for activities in working with juvenile delinquents. The author, as a sports expert in “Novi Iskar” District Administration argues the benefits of sport as prevention against diseases, aggression and addiction. Indicated are some best practices in support of the idea.

Една незабравима лятна вакация

Author(s): Dimitar Dilchev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2016

From 2004 until today, the metropolitan district “Studentski” annually organizes free children’s camp in the arts and sports. The program of the camp aims to reveal the potential of every child, to develop his motor skills in a friendly and safe environment, to create new friendships and develop and enrich the emotional, intellectual and social skills. Mandatory requirements for participants are zero tolerance of all forms of violence and aggression, and healthy nutrition.

Защо медиация?

Author(s): Biserka Mihaleva,Tatyana Dronzina / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2016

The article focuses on actual and very important problem – the aggressive behavior of children and students. The text examines the advantages of mediation compared to other modern ways for solving such problems.

Factors Associated with Alcohol Use in University Students

Author(s): René Šebeňa / Language(s): English

Research into alcohol use by young people is mostly focused on adolescents, secondary or further education students rather than university students. However, alcohol drinking among university students is a widely recognized problem and represents a serious health and cultural problem, with many negative individual, interpersonal and cultural consequences. Binge drinking, an increasingly common pattern of excessive alcohol use with serious negative consequences for individual drinkers, those around them, and the university environment, is a major problem on university campuses. Alcohol consumption among youths is affected by a complex of risk and protective factors, investigation of which is essential for a better understanding and focusing of the intervention procedures. The complex linkages of risk and protective factors and problem behaviours change over time and within different cultures and countries. The importance of this kind of research for the field of prevention is obvious: If we can determine the personal and interpersonal protective and risk factors affecting alcohol-use behaviour, we can better plan preventive interventions focused on creating and enhancing the personal protective attributes. To design and develop appropriate interventions, to improve behavioural outcomes for adolescents, a better understanding of these complexities and relations is required.

FREEDOM OF ASSEMBLY AT STAKE: THE WARSAW POLICE’S PARTISANSHIP DURING POLISH PROTESTS IN TIMES OF PANDEMIC

Author(s): Joanna Rak,Karolina Owczarek / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

By focusing on the most important agents of social control, this paper goes beyond the legal aspects of protecting freedom of assembly in pandemic-ridden Poland. It gives insight into a gap between the declared police neutrality and the balance between neutrality and partisanship in practice. Embedded in the scholarship on protest policing, the study aims to determine the extent of police partisanship over the critical public assemblies in Warsaw. By drawing upon a qualitative frame analysis, the study deals with the following research question: where does the model of police partisanship developed by the Warsaw Police during the coronavirus pandemic lie on a continuum of antinomic ideal types of neutral and partisan policing? The major argument is that protest policing lies close to partisan policing when the government’s ruling position is threatened. In such situations, freedom of assembly is at stake, and protesters’ behaviour takes the form of civil disorder. Neutral policing is peculiar to events that do not pose any threat to the government. Such events are peaceful, and assembly participants’ freedom is respected. Proper recognition of the characteristics of police bias is particularly important to understand the essence of the practice of safeguarding freedom of assembly and the process of political contestation.

Заключителна кръгла маса по проект „Социални и педагогически аспекти на проблема за употребата на психоактивни вещества“

Author(s): Toni Manasieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2023

Правни аспекти при провеждане на бординг операция

Author(s): Zhivko Yordanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2023

Boarding operations are part of maritime interdiction operations. These operations are complex as an organization that they are carried out on a ship, which according to international law imposes a number of restrictions, but with the correct use of the legal-normative base also gives a number of advantages to the military and law enforcement authorities.