O antibosanstvu, još jedan vidik

Author(s): Rusmir Mahmutćehajić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 76/2017

U gotovo svim raspravama o Bosni, bosanstvu i bošnjaštvu, bilo da se u njima traže razlozi za ili protiv njih, javlja se pojam “identitet”. Ako ta riječ bude razmotrena u Platonovom očekivanju da je u njoj, kao i svakoj drugoj, moguće naći onu suštinu koja nikad i nigdje ne iščezava, onda bi to traganje moralo okončati u pojmu istine. U vidicima teizma to je Bog, jer On jest Istina. Ako bi pojam “identitet” bio istraživan u Wittgensteinovim familijskim sličnostima, jasno je da bi u identitetu moralo postojati mnoštvo značenja povezanih nečim suštinski zajedničkim.

Osmoza komunizmu i nacjonalizmu w Rosji: geneza hybrydy

Author(s): Jarosław Tomasiewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2010

National Communism is a strange phenomenon as the national mutation of the internationalist Marxist ideology. The first kind of National Communism was revolutionary movements of national minorities, supported by Bolsheviks against Great Russian imperialism. But necessities of the State defense supported the birth of Soviet patriotism. „Socialism in one country” extorted renaissance of Russian nationalism because Russia was the core of USSR. Under Stalin the Soviet patriotism became new form of the old Russian nationalism.

Rybarskiego uzasadnienie koncepcji państwa narodowego

Author(s): Stanisław Borzym / Language(s): Polish Issue: 53/2008

Roman Rybarski held a unique position in a national movement. He acted against destroying liberal and Christian basis of European civilization as well as dogmatic interpretation of nationalism. He was in favour of its diversity. He opposed the state hegemony and disregard for legal norms. He died in Auschwitz.

Teoria narodu według Jana Karola Kochanowskiego

Author(s): Grażyna Szumera / Language(s): Polish Issue: 52/2007

The present article discusses theory of nation as founded by J.K. Kochanowski. In Polish philosophy his views have virtually become forgotten. Yet, his thinking seems to have much in common with the foundations of psychologism and sociologism, although it is the former which appears closer to his own views. In his philosophical oeMvre we can find threads inspired by his reflection on a crowd. AH historical facts he interprets as strongly connected with the psyche of nations. Kochanowski was interested in psychic differences that varied from nation to nation. He posited that a nation, likewise a man, is determined by the psyche, which is an illustration of this nation's or man's most fundamental features. Studying history of a nation demonstrates, according to Kochanowski, that despite many similarities, there appear many significant differences in psychic predispositions that lead to a creation of separate national characters. Peoples' psyche is unchangeable and it is the source of the given groups' deeds and their psychic type. In his characteristics of a nation Kochanowski drew from romantic tradition. The philosopher joined in the stream of thought on the differences and similarities between Poles and other nations, existing in the period between the wars, which stressed such Polish characteristics as: individualism, love for freedom, tolerance. This line of thinking also underlined the exchangeability of a national character.

МАКЕДОНСКИОТ ИДЕНТИТЕТ И ИСТОРИСКИТЕ ПРОУЧУВАЊА

Author(s): Biljana Ristovska-Josifovska / Language(s): Macedonian Issue: 2/2017

The study of identity is a complex undertaking, which requires consideration of many aspects of collective and individual development. Given the complexity and comprehensiveness of the theme, our focus is on the Macedonian identity through the lens of historic research, specifically the beginnings of Macedonian historiography and both its non-formal and institutional development.

Az 1968-as év a román nemzetiségpolitikában

Author(s): Csaba Zoltán Novák / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 05/2018

Aнализа репортажа Милоша Црњанског из Хортијеве Мађарске

Author(s): Sanja Domazet / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 4/2017

Exactly four decades ago, on November 30, 1977, Miloš Crnjanski, one of the most important personalities of Serbian literature in the twentieth century, passed away in Belgrade. A number of studies have been written on his literary work, so the author of this article, as a journalism professor, will be assigned to Crnjanski as a journalist-reporter, and specifically to his reports written from Horti Hungary. Namely, there is no work dealing with these newspaper texts of Crnjanski, extremely important, as they relate both to the political, sociological, and cultural, ideological and social reality of neighboring Hungary, in which one of the important national minorities was also Serbian. Crnjanski wrote these reports for the daily newspaper “Politika”, from January 23 to February 1, 1923. This work will use the analysis, lexical, phonetic, stylistic and scientific, historical and comparative method, to show the atmosphere, political tension, the wartime mood of the Hungarian government at that time, as well as the position of Serbs, Jews and other minority peoples. At the end of the work, the conclusions of Crnjanski themselves will be stated, which turned out to be extremely reporter and commentary precise and anticipatory – Hungary was ready for the war, the Serb minority was scared and frightened by reason, and the Jews were forbidden to enroll in universities.

Wokół pisarstwa historycznego Romana Wysockiego

Author(s): Jan Kęsik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2015

Nie ulega wątpliwości, że Roman Wysocki jest historykiem, któ- rego prace naukowe budzą duże emocje zarówno w części środowiska naukowego, jak i w szeroko rozumianej przestrzeni publicznej. Przejawem tego ostatniego są komentarze ukazujące się na portalach społecznościowych i w prasie. Już pierwsza książka tego Autora, monografia: Organizacja Ukraińskich Nacjonalistów w Polsce 1929–1939. Geneza, struktura, program, ideologia, spotkała się z krytycznymi opiniami m.in. Lucyny Kulińskiej, Czesława Partacza czy Wiktora Poliszczuka. Z kolei na temat jego kolejnej monografii, wydanej w 2014 r., zatytułowanej W kręgu integralnego nacjonalizmu. Czynny nacjonalizm Dmytra Doncowa na tle myśli nowoczesnych Romana Dmowskiego. Studium porównawcze wypowiadał się w podobnym tonie Maciej Motas.

У потрази за политичким идејама Тихомира Остојића

Author(s): Saša S. Marković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2018

Tihomir Ostojić was one of the most important representatives of Serbian political thought in Austro-Hungarian Empire at the beginning of the 20th century. Considering the fact that his public work had been predominantly connected with Serbian cultural history, Ostojić’s opus was primarily researched by literary historians and culturalists. His political thought had not been scientifically researched. Nevertheless, Ostojić’s political thought is present in his creative work and sometimes influences his cultural and literary standpoint. Advocating democratisation of Serbian political thought, Ostojić sought support in the enlightening thought of Dositej Obradović, as did members of the United Serbian Youth. His national standpoint stood out from a romanticized picture, although not rejecting it completely. Ostojić opposed the policy of assimilation and dividedness of political parties, supporting education of all social classes in Serbia in order to build a uniform barrier for identity preservation. Thus, in the eve of the First World War he decisively influenced the activities of Matica Srpska, it being the most original Serbian cultural institution. Dissatisfied with the conformism and petty politics of the existing Serbian political parties in Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, Ostojić suggested reform of the Liberal Party and participated in the foundation of the Serbian Democratic Party. Although political achievements of these parties were not sufficiently acknowledged, they were significant in promoting the democratic process of political thought articulation among Serbs in the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy. Tihomir Ostojić’s role in that process was unavoidable.

ODGOVOR NA RAZMIŠLJANJA ALEKSANDRA HORVATA

Author(s): Suzana Leček / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 17/2017

Odgovorit ću – barem oblikovanjem teksta – na način kako je to ponekad radio ovdje nekoliko puta spomenuti Anthony D. Smith, kojeg držim izuzetno inspirativnim za sve koje zanima problem nacije. U raspravama je pisao jasno, pregledno i kratko, a misli je volio usustaviti po točkama. Nadam se da mogu slijediti barem ovo posljednje.

Uralja-e a jövőt, aki a múltat uralja? (Ukrajnai példa)

Author(s): Olga Cholnoky / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2018

Csernicskó István: Ideológiai csata a nevek frontján = Fórum Társadalomtudományi Szemle 2017, 4. sz.. 15 – 28. p.

Ötven kép a baltikumi német identitás történelméből

Author(s): Beáta Kovács / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2018

Kaljundi, Linda – Kreem, Tiina-Mall: Friedrich Ludwig von Maydells Fünfzig Bilder aus der Geschichte der deutschen Ostsee-Provinzen Russlands: Zur Erforschung baltischer Geschichtsbilder.=Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa–Forschung. 2017. No. 4. 493-516 p.

ПОНЯТТЯ «НАЦІОНАЛЬНА МЕНТАЛЬНІСТЬ»

Author(s): Igor Olexijovyich Polishchuk / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2017

The process of formation and the essential aspects of the concept of «national mentality». The author notes that the emergence of the phenomenon of national mentality is early ethnogenesis. During this initial period there is an original mental-core base, which remains with certain modifications throughout the nation’s history. This is due to the existence of permanent factors, among which the most important are: biological, geographical and geopolitical factors. Throughout the history of a particular ethnic group, from generation to generation is passed certain invariant psyhobehavioral implemented on a common language, cultural, moral and ethical basis. At the beginning of the emergence of national character is particularly noteworthy role played by ethnic collective unconscious that arises from the remnants of shared experiences as certain ethnic groups un- conscious reaction to constantly reproducible specific conditions of its existence (K. Jung). The category of «national character» covers mainly emotional and sensual level of the national psyche and reflected in prevailing in a given ethnic community emotions, feelings and moods, as well as the speed and intensity of the response to certain events, the national temperament. The origins of the aggregate mental qualities, creating national character should look as part of the original ingredient mental nucleus lever on stage ethnogenesis. Elements of national character is an important way to natural, empirical, everyday reflection of reality in the psyche of members of a national-ethnic community, thus creating its original bio-psychic unity. Ultimately, the best reflection of national political mentality is the national state of specific institutions – the base of the political system of the nation, government, government, essential features of the political regime, political traditions prevailing in this national ideology, as well as typical everyday stereotypes and tips; distributed among specific national models of political behavior, subconscious reflection of different generations nation for similar events, collisions, typical feelings and emotions about their own state factors. It is concluded that the structure of the concept of «national mentality» (mental-ethnic composition of the nation) consists of three main elements: national character, national identity and ethnic unconscious.

Prymordializm jako przedmiot krytyki i źródło inspiracji socjologicznych studów nad narodem.

Author(s): Jacek Poniedziałek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 50/2018

The article presents the main assumptions of primordialist paradigm in sociological studies of nation. It has been assumed that most of surveys conducted in the primordial perspective refers to texts written by Edward Shils and Clifford Geertz. Consequently, the theories of these two scholars are presented. Then the critique of primordialist paradigm is reported. Because of inadequacy of some critical assertions, the heuristic values of some primordialist theses will be characterized, namely a phenomenon defined as a primordial consciousness of nation.

Мултикултурализам савременог друштва и национални идентитет

Author(s): Sanja Stošić,Aleksandar Đorđević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3/2018

Socio-political, economic and cultural changes, conditioned by the concept of neoliberalism adopted by the most developed Western countries, have brought into question the significance of national borders and have increased the level of their permeability. Undermining primarily the economic as well as the political and cultural sphere of society, the mechanisms of contemporary neocolonialism go beyond the boundaries of national identity and lead inevitably to its cultural and ideological reconstruction and deterritorialization. The aim of this paper was to analyze the multiculturalism in today’s liberal democratic states through the political and cultural prism, as well as the challenges brought by the intensified migration, the development of fluid borders and the eventual transformation of national identity. As a result of the above mentioned phenomena, the paper has asserted that the traditional concepts as the “politics of recognition” and the “politics of difference”, which are based on culture as a key factor, are increasingly becoming marked by the rise of a radical populism as the dominant aspect of actual political discourse. In this regard, today’s multiculturalism represents a failure of the integration model of different cultural and ethnic groups into modern and developed states. Globalization involves cultural pluralism, natural deterritorialization as well as the turbulence of migration, which are, in turn, directly related to adaptation and survival of the multiculturalism. Despite of its imbalances, the issue of multiculturalism is strongly affeceted by requirements for the recognition of different cultural and ethnic groups into the nation-state. In that sense, the nature of national identity becomes changed, but, paradoxically, strengthened, so we should bear in mind the importance of multiculturalism and immigration as key issues in contemporary reconstruction of the ethnicity. Reflecting the complexity of international relations as well as the nature of refugee migrations, we highlight the economy and religion-based impact, so as the tendency of political parties to define their programs through hostile and xenophobic attitudes, giving rise to discrimination and shift to increasing tensions within the receiving societies. Hence, in many European countries anti-immigrant rhetoric disseminates in the public discourse, targeting immigrants, especially Muslims, as sources of potential danger to society. Nevertheless, while the ethnic groups are mainly concerned to ensure social recognition of their cultural peculiarities, the ethnic minorities more frequently promote the self-governing, autonomous position of the so-called “micro-nation” at the subnational level. Accordingly, in current Western societies immigrant communities are considered to pose a threat to national values, so it is necessary for contemporary multiculturalism to adopt some new strategies of transnational social relations.

Kulturno-istorijsko nasleđe kao arhetip srpskog naroda i stožer opstanka nacije

Author(s): Jovan Berić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 20/2018

This paper attempts to analyze cultural and historical heritage throughout centuries, while also focusing on the importance of this heritage – not only in terms of the survival of Serbs during the four centuries of Turkish slavery and the construction of the modern Serbian republic, but also in terms of in graining moral values of the natural law in all individuals, as they seem to be fading from their conscience under the influence of american globalization. it will also analyze the international frame and position of the Republic of Serbia in the interdependent world, so as to help us grasp both the positive and the negative effects of the decision which could disrupt the fragile pea ce on the Balkan Peninsula. This paper, thus, concludes that Serbia, as a co untry with the rich cultural and historical heritage and traditions that have been kept alive through epic poetry for centuries, needs to consider all of its future actions carefully. Hasty decisions could divide the already heteroge neous Serbs even further, thus defaming the glorious history of Serbia and its notable figures. Furthermore, the solution to the kosovo issue and the stand the Republic of Serbia chooses to take will dictate the decisions and procee dings of the international community towards Serbia in the future.

What Exactly did Romanian Post-War Nationalism Mean

Author(s): Răzvan Theodorescu / Language(s): English Issue: 49/2018

In the last century nationalism as a spiritual element – according to the 1919 statement of the historian, archaeologist and philosopher Vasile Pârvan – was a blessed plant grown on Romanian soil during the ’48 revolution, the ’59 union under Prince Cuza, the ’77 war of independence and the preparation of such a national project as the Union with the Romanian Kingdom of several Romanian-speaking provinces dominated by two empires – the Austrian and the Russian – epitomized by Transylvania which came finally to the motherland on the 1st of December 1918, the same day when the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes was born. In the nationalism project, the Union Transylvania was a political priority. But we must add immediately that in the events of 1914–1916 in the neighbourhood of Romania a symbol of the national struggle became what Nicolae Iorga, in a famous lecture of 1915, called “the heroic and martyr Serbia”.

O etnických skupinách – a bez etnicity. K půlstoletému výročí vydání Ethnic Groups and Boundaries

Author(s): Marek Jakoubek / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2019

On Ethnic Groups – and (yet) without Ethnicity. On Occasion of the 50th Anniversary of Ethnic Groups and Boundaries. On the Occasion of the 50th Anniversary of publishing Ethnic Groups and Boundaries: The Social Organization of Culture Difference, a work edited by Fredrik Barth, the author reflects on the reasons and causes of the renown and impact of the book that is today generally considered a key text in ethnic studies, be it in the anthropological or broader social-scientific discourse. As a starting point for the reevaluation the author takes a period view on the book, i.e. considers the context of the time when it was written and published. In some cases the period contextualization leads to quite unexpected findings. First of all, there is a kind of paradox, since in the book, considered essential in the study of ethnicity, F. Barth does not use the term “ethnicity” a single time. At the same time the author shows that in many cases period authors did not consider the book to represent a watershed in ethnic studies. Moreover, as is further shown, the reception of the book was – especially in North America – quite delayed and only very slow. In other words, contemporary responses to the book are not in accordance with the canonical narrative of its influence and impact. So, if we insist on the key position of Ethnic Groups and Boundaries in ethnic studies, at least some of the explanations thereof need to be revised; and perhaps some new ones need to be found, too. A 50th Anniversary is an exceptionally suitable time for this enterprise.

Book Review

Author(s): Ivan Schmidt / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2018

Review of: Ivan Schmidt - Šutaj, Š. – Regináčová, N. – Heldáková, L. Current Issues of Research on Nationality Policy and Nationality Relations in Slovakia in the 20th and 21st Centuries. Prešov: Universum-eu, 2017, 198 p., ISBN 978-80-89946-01-3

OGLEDI I-VIII: Preispitivanje nacionalizma. Nacija kao prirodna zajednica, socijalna konstrukcija, kreacija intelektualaca

Author(s): Nenad Mirović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 148/1996