Simpozij: Starost – izzivi historičnega raziskovanja
Conference report: Simpozij Starost – izzivi historičnega raziskovanja (Ljubljana, 8. in 9. november 2016)
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Conference report: Simpozij Starost – izzivi historičnega raziskovanja (Ljubljana, 8. in 9. november 2016)
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The increase in absolute and proportionate numbers of elderly people in the population has become the most outstanding demographic trend in the world during the past few decades. Social consequences of such a demographic trend are manifold and they require early planning of optimal types of care for the elderly. Two basic principles need to be obeyed in the planning of care for the elderly: the principle of humanistic approach – according to which care must be organised in a way to preserve social participation and dignity of older people, and the principle of the necessity of sustainable social development, i.e. that the efforts in improving the quality of living of elderly generations do not aggravate economic development of society as a whole. New models of care should satisfy both principles.
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The investigation included 230 clients of six homes for the aged from Zagreb. The examinees were divided in two groups: group A consisted of the elderly clients that were situated in the homes for the aged for less than 6 months (N=80), while group B consisted of the clients that spent there more than 3 years (N=150). The aim of the study was to measure different aspects of psychological distress that might be of importance for the prediction of the clients' adjustment to the homes for the aged. The level of stress was measured by means of the Derogatis' Symptom Checklist-90- -R (SCL-90-R). The results of the study showed that: a. SCL-90-R scale is a valuable and accurate instrument for the evaluation of stressfull events in the elderly population; b. the level of distress of the examinees is shown to be sex and time dependent. The differences in the adaptation of male and female clients are defined by SCL-90-R dimensions: paranoid ideation, psychoticism and positive symptom distress index. It is concluded that SCL-90-R scale may be a simple and reliable tool in evaluating stressful simptoms of the elderly clients of homes for the aged.
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This paper presents the findings of research on social, functional, health and psychological status of urban elderly people belonging to different generations (cohorts). Two generation groups of elderly citizens of Zagreb were compared. A group of 50 subjects, aged 57-72 years was examined in 1979, and a group of 47 subjects, aged 59-71 years in 1994. Sociodemographic and health status data were collected by a questionnaire, and data on functional ability, psychosomatic symptoms and selfassessed health were collected by measurement scales. Significant differences between generations were found – in 1994, subjects lived in smaller families, there was a larger proportion of retired subjects, and they had more psychosomatic symptoms than their age peers in 1979. The two generations of elderly subjects did not differ significantly in gender, marital status, education, health and functional status and self-assessed health. The differences between the two generation groups of elderly persons, found in this research, indicate the effects of social factors on the style and quality of urban elderly people’s lives.
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Corporate social responsibility is a concept responding to climate change, environmental problems and the needs of stakeholders. Business makes an effort to act in the changing conditions, thus adapting to the expectations of the stakeholders and following the principles of sustainable economic development and social responsibility. One of the changes taking place in the current economic and social world is the change in the demographic structure of the population. The subject of the ageing population is often discussed, usually as a negative aspect in the context of changes in the pension system, health care costs or the employment conditions of older people. The principles of corporate social responsibility, such as social inclusion, anti-discrimination, and facilitating access to products and services create the basis for the development of the economy, focused on the use of the purchasing potential of older people. Thus, the perception of the demographic changes in this context becomes the ground for the formation of perspective solutions and the development of the silver economy. This model of the economy can be understood as a system which is based on adapting the production and distribution of products and services to older people. The main aim of this article is to present the challenges for companies in terms of the problems connected with an ageing population, as well as to present the main features of the concept of the silver economy in the context of corporate social responsibility. Moreover, considering the development of the silver economy, characteristics of older people as consumers should be taken into account. In this context, there are many stereotypes associated with the activities of the elderly. The article also notes the profile of potential customers of the silver economy, with a particular emphasis on the approach of the elderly to innovation, tradition and a broadly understood sense of security.
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Considering the need of engaging elder people from Romania in formal volunteering activities, we tried to understand what volunteering means for the senior citizens of Brasov and to gather valuable information for further strategies to recruit and to retain elders in volunteering activities. We found out what is volunteering for our participants, what are the type of volunteering in their view, who volunteers and why, for whom do people volunteer, what volunteering activity would they like to do, why don’t they volunteer and how could elders be convinced to volunteer in their opinion. Data were collected through semistructured interviews and a thematic analysis was performed. By gathering qualitative data, the study managed to capture in depth elements concerning the significances that elders associate to volunteering and to complete the existing statistical data about this topic.
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The paper presents an ethnological and cultural-anthropological reflection of aging and possible approaches to age research based on preliminary fi eld observations of practice and narratives on age and aging in the Croatian capital, Zagreb. The anthropology of aging, the anthropology of the city and the anthropology of family and kinship, as well as the concepts of city-making, public space and active aging, are employed. The paper starts with a description of previous sociocultural research of age. The concept of active aging is critically discussed, and the practices and narrations of age in the context of the Croatian capital are ethnographically described. Attention is given to the specific characteristics of informal and formal practices of old people in the city and advertising discourse within public space advertising. The study presents an analysis of the relationship between aging and the city, age and urban (public) space, and a reflection on the “active aging” paradigm.
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Во текстот фокусот е ставен на животните приказни на бездетни стари лица низ Македонија. Теренските материјали вклучуваат интервјуа со бездетни брачни партнери во различни села низ Македонија спроведени во последните 15 години. Преку нивните приказни се истражуваат промените во традициските вредности и норми поврзани со старите родители или сродници. Посебно внимание е посветено на парадоксалната (и понекогаш иронична) позиција на овие луѓе кои поради генералната тенденција на напуштање на старите родители од страна на нивните деца завршуваат подеднакво осамени и ранливи како и родителите во многудетните семејства.
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The text focuses upon life stories of childless elders from Macedonia. Field materials include interviews with childless married couples from different villages throughout Macedonia, conducted during the last 15 years. Their stories provide the basic empirical data that enable following the changes of traditional values and norms related to old parents or relatives. Special attention is dedicated to the paradoxical (and often ironic) position of these people, who, due the general tendency of abandoning old parents by their children, end up equally lonely and vulnerable as those parents who have children. Although big families are not a guarantee for dignified old age any more, it is exactly these so called ‘traditional values’ that were promoted by the Government of the Republic of Macedonia in the period 2006-2017, though public campaigns that presented big families as a value that should be sustained and cherished. This article analyses the gap between the realistic state of affairs of the elderly, and the constructed, idealized notion of a secure and happy old age that combines economic, political, as well as emotional aspects.
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This paper describes the results of the experiment conducted in the field of seniors’ education focused on information technologies, smartphones specifically. Main purpose of the research was to find out what kind of teaching methods are effective, comparing traditional linear learning and edutainment with elements of gamification. Study describes how seniors in the test groups as well as their educators face different aspects of learning and what are possible obstacles in this process. This is achieved by looking at amount of usable knowledge that each method was able to deliver considering motor skill, motivation and previous experience of each participant. Results in this paper describes first pilot stage of the project, proposing changes to some methods that will be implemented in later implementations of course suitable for enhancing digital media competences of elderly people at larger scale.
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Introduction. The process of demographic aging of many societies causes the need to be interested in the quality of aging and its determinants. One of the threats are psychological problems occurring in the elderly, including affective disorders - anxiety and depression. The aim of the study was to examine the prevalence of anxiety and depression in the elderly and their relations to selected sociodemographic variables. It was also decided to examine the impact of anxiety and depression on the quality of aging and its aspects. Material and methods. There were 362 people examined: 284 women (78.45%) and 78 men (21.55%) aged 60-95. The questionnaire concerned gender, age, education, size of place of residence, housing, occurrence of chronic diseases and civil status. Anxiety and depression were examined using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the quality of aging - using the Successful Aging Index. Results. Disturbances and critical states of anxiety and depression were reported in about 25% of respondents. Gender did not differentiate the incidence of affective disorders. All adopted sociodemographic variables showed connections with the frequency of anxiety and depression - the adopted qualitative variables significantly differentiated statistically (p <.05).
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Introduction: In theoretical part of our thesis we introduce content and objectives gerontologic nursing care and course of diseases geriatric patients suffer from. Here we point out thypical clinical aspects and course of their diseases. Core of Work: Geriatric syndromes are inseparable parts of ageing and there are many of them: syndrome of immobilisation,, syndrome of incontinence, decubiti, syndrome of instability and falls, syndrome of anorexia and malnutrition, syndrome of cognitive deficiency and memory disorders, syndrome of delirium, syndrome of temperature load and temperature damage, syndrome of dehydratation, syndrome of maladaptation and syndrome of terminal geriatric deterioration.
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Introduction: The aging of societies is a serious social problem. The number of aging people increases in highly developed societies. These people are struggling with many problems. In Poland, the socio-economic situation of older people is difficult. These problems will be described in the article. Core of Work: The article will be an attempt to present the socio-economic situation of Polish seniors. The article will present the demographic situation of Polish seniors, demographic situation of Polish seniors, the phenomenon of ageism, which they experience in public and private space, the problem of singularisation, the amount of retirement pensions that are the source of Polish pensioners' income, material living conditions, level of independence, health assessment and sense of loneliness and the form of help they expect from the next and the state.
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Introduction: The quality of life of seniors depends on physical health, independence, psychological functioning, adaptation, prevaling emotional survival, psychological and social support in seniors. Core: Social services are part of public services, which within modern terminology of the European Union create one of the basic pillars of the European society model. The incidence of obesity also increases in the elderly. Weight reduction also has beneficial effects in the elderly. Obesity is a global problem. Estimation of nutrition status in older changes in the body.
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The goal of the paper is to highlight new innovative forms of therapy that a social worker can use at the field of work with older people and they are designed for clients of social services to improve their quality of life, empowerment and skills development. Core: Social work with older people requires a great deal of patience, but also the need to adhere to the ethical principles of communication and individual approach; therefore, the limitation of the client's physical, sensory and social abilities must be respected, without underestimation of the senior due to the fact thatthe senior has a slower psychomotoric development, impaired mobility and memory. The innovative methods used in scoial services allows the saturation of mental needs and encourages a holistic approach to senior care, thereby enhancing the quality of life.
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The number of elderly people represents one fifth of the population and the percentage will grow rapidly the next few decades. With the attitude to them that we have today, the information is frightening. As the burden for society, what I am sure they represent to most of the people, it will be hard to live for them. But I am sure that we will, if we begin to treat them differently than today and help them develop the qualities that come with age, be surprised by the wisdom that we no longer expect from them for a long time now. The last three years I am intensively working with the elderly, adding the elements of art therapy in classical painting courses. All this time I am observing how the elderly, who preferably want to leave the class with nice looking craft, respond to playing with color, unusual exercises and deepening to the process and their experience with it and at the end they leave satisfied without having produced a masterpiece. With the introduction of the intuitive way of working in art therapy, the group members connected and relaxed. There is more laughter and ideas that surprise even themselves. Therefore, I started researching the topic and to verify whether a separate sessions of art therapy may contribute to the personal development of elderly and thus to the development of elements that makes elderly people wise.
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