We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.
In the Czech Republic, 45 - 65 years old people comprise over a quarter of the entire population and their employment plays a key role in the country’s economy. The data presented here is based on the official national statistics, which are typically classified by age. Unfortunately, the age categories are not consistent across all types of data. In comparison to the EU, the employment intensity in the Czech Republic is slightly higher than average. The employment rate of the working age cohort 15 - 64 years was 65.2 % (as of 2009). The employment rate of 20-64 years old was 70.7% (while the average rate in the EU was 68.8 %). [...]
More...
Three main questions are asked in the paper. Firstly: how has the sense of ‘life satisfaction’ and happiness of Poles changed over the period of twenty years between 1991 and 2011? During this period Poland has experienced substantial growth of gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, but is Polish society becoming happier and more satisfied with life? Secondly: what is the level of subjective well-being individuals commonly perceived as losers (older, poorly educated and unemployed) in comparison with people who objectively appear to be winners (well-educated, in low middle age, employed)? Thirdly: how has the subjective well-being of unemployed, older and poorly educated people changed during this twenty year period between 1991 and 2011? Some authors suggest that because happiness became something everybody want, it is a core value of society, and it lays the basis for our modern welfare state. Because happiness represents an individual right, individual and societal aim, it is crucial to discover and scrutinise relations between the individual level of happiness, and the impact on it resulting from a variety of factors. It might be true that simple application of happiness economics to policy making would be unreasonable. But still if we agree that happiness constitutes a good life for individuals and thereby also a good society, it is important to collect, analyse and include this type of information for the purpose of policy making.
More...
The “Silver Tsunami” is here! According to various relevant sources such as the UN Population Division, the WHO, and the ILO, population across the world is getting older. By 2050, there will be more than 20% of the world’s population aged 65 years and over. Statistics for the European Union reveal the same - the age structure of the European population is expected to change significantly over the next decades and by 2060, the share of people aged 65 and above will increase from 18% to 30% compared to now, while the share of people aged above 80 will more than double. Thus, in addition to notions such as “Silver Tsunami”, “Age Wave”, and the like, it is not surprising that the European Union has launched a notion “Silver Economy” related to economic activities of the population aged 50 and over and their impact on various sectors of the national economy. This negative demographic transition, i.e. population aging, has shown four very distinctive features: unprecedented, pervasiveness, endurance and profound implications on human life in general. On a more personal level, what we are witnessing today as a trend, we will experience first-hand in the decades to come. Yet, times are changing. An aging population is becoming a reality that is surrounded by various myths when it comes to older people as workers or as consumers. The fact is that people today live longer and healthier lives, which requires a shift in perception of age when it comes to supply and demand sides of economics. It also holds true from the perspective of other disciplines. This, in turn, opens a new frontier in academic, practical and policy thinking about rethinking aging and redesigning retirement. This multidisciplinary edited book “The Aging Society: Rethinking and Redesigning Retirement” is one attempt not to be swept away by the “Silver Tsunami” tide. The content of the chapters reveals the multifaceted and highly complex issue of aging which brought together researchers from various fields. Aging has been initially dominant in medical research since it is primarily a physiological process, yet it has proven to be a social transformation with numerous repercussions calling for researchers from economics, communication, law and others to join the scientific discussion. The authors in this edition have tried to shed light on the potential of aging research by drawing attention to various topics such as aging as a normal process, concept and measurement of the quality of life of the elderly, financial challenges and retirement literacy of the older population, specific bioethical issues, silver architecture for seniors, protection of the rights and safety of older people in transport, social entrepreneurship and franchising, collaborative economy, an age-specific ICT use gap, media literacy and communication. The book has gathered authors from Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek – Faculty of Economics in Osijek, Faculty of Law, Faculty of Medicine Osijek / Clinical Hospital Center Osijek and Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture Osijek, as well as Faculty of Economics and Business Zagreb (University of Zagreb), Virovitica College, Croatian Education and Teacher Training Agency, University of Information Science and Technology, “St. Paul the Apostle” (Macedonia), Beykoz University, Vocational School at Department of Social Sciences (Turkey), Nisantasi University, Vocational School at Department of Logistics (Turkey), and Warsaw School of Economics (Poland). Such institutional diversity is a signal that the issue of aging is a universally attractive research topic that easily transcends disciplinary and national boundaries. As editors of this book, we feel obliged to applaud our authors for making a research effort and scientific contribution in the advent of the global COVID-19 pandemic crisis. Our gratitude is extended to our reviewers who have been affirmative towards the content and style of this work. The publication of this book will be a permanent reminder of strength, diligence, creativity and resilience of academic scholars as individuals and universities as institutions in times challenging us on both a personal and a professional level.
More...
People across the world are living longer. According to the World Health Organization (2018), the world population that is older than 60 years will reach 22% by 2050, amounting to 2 billion people, which is a significant increase from 900 million in 2015. The number of older persons will outnumber children younger than five years. The pace of population aging is much faster than before, forcing all countries to face challenges that age brings, from health issues to human rights issues, each requiring proper policy response. As societies grow older due to increased longevity and improved health, older people change in terms of expectations they have related to life in the retirement age. There are many inspiring examples of older persons who want to pursue new activities, such as education, engage in a new career that corresponds to their passion neglected earlier, or continue to be a productive family or community member. It is not surprising to see that some older persons do not make a direct transition from employment to retirement but rather self-employment, implying a positively inverted U-shaped relationship between age and entrepreneurship. For example, to prove it, let us remember the founders of McDonald’s, Coca Cola and Kentucky Fried Chicken, were all over 50 years old when they established their business. One can conclude that older persons are heterogeneous, making aging difficult to handle research and policy-wise.
More...
According to statistics for the European Union (EU), the European population age structure is expected to change significantly. Long-term projections for the EU indicate a substantial increase in the share of people aged 65 and above. Due to higher life expectancy and fertility rate decrease, the EU faces a decline in the working-age population and growing demand for social and health services. According to Eurostat, the share of the very elderly population (80 and over) in the Republic of Croatia will be more than double in 2070 compared to 2019. The total population of the country will decrease to 3 million inhabitants. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of measures planned in the Croatian National Development Strategy (CNDS) for the period 2021-2030 related to the said issues. The fundamental question is how to achieve a sustainable pension system and public finances in such circumstances. The findings and recommendations may be used for policy suggestions to relevant institutions to create adequate solutions for our citizens.
More...
The paper examines the state policy of the Russian Federation and Central Asian countries in the field of supporting the aging and retired population, analyzes the dependency ratio in the Russian Federation and Central Asian countries, and provides predictions referring to changes in the demographic structure of the labor force in the context of labor migration. The paper includes prediction indicators of the dynamics of labor migration processes of the population in the retirement age from Central Asian countries, considering the current trends of demographic change, and explores the impact of labor migration processes of persons of retirement age on the economic growth in the context of economic and social globalization.
More...
Javnost je u šoku zbog situacije u Gerontološkom centru Niš, u kojem je do sada od posledica oboljenja COVID-19 preminulo 37 korisnika od ukupno 286. Reklo bi se da ni Vučiću situacija na jugu zemlje ne da mira, jer je pre neki dan izjavio da je imao „užasnu noć“. Kada bi iskreno patio, ovaj samozvani gospodar života i smrti u Srbiji ne bi istom prilikom minimizovao tragediju, ocenivši kako je korona „možda“ ušla u dva do tri objekta. Čekajte, predsedniče, zar vi zaista niste obavešteni o tome da su, mesec i po dana nakon vašeg prvog obraćanja „dragim penzionerima i roditeljima“, najugroženiji penzioneri i roditelji smešteni u domove za starije?
More...
W literaturze przedmiotu podkreśla się, że jedną z największych słabości rynku nieruchomości, przynajmniej polskiego, jest brak kompleksowych i wiarygodnych informacji na temat jego stanu i rozwoju. Dane, którymi dysponuje przeciętny inwestor, są zwykle ograniczone zarówno jeśli chodzi o zakres przedmiotowy, jak i przestrzenny. Działalność na rynku nieruchomości, w tym deweloperska, wymaga systematycznych badań tego rynku, bowiem proces deweloperski jest długotrwały, wieloetapowy i skutkuje przekształceniem przestrzeni w aspekcie fizycznym, materialnym, społecznym oraz ekonomicznym. Naukowe badania rynku nieruchomości mieszkaniowych powinny być w związku z tym możliwie jak najbardziej kompleksowe, tzn. dotyczyć sfery podaży, popytu oraz cen mieszkań, uwzględniać perspektywę różnych (również słabszych) interesariuszy, dane historyczne i prognozy rozwojowe, zjawiska lokalne i globalne, wskaźniki ekonomiczne i opinie uczestników rynku. Celem prezentowanej monografii jest przedstawienie sytuacji na rynku mieszkaniowym w kontekście preferencji i potrzeb klientów nabywających mieszkania, wpływu pandemii COVID-19 na rynek nieruchomości, a także określenie czynników mogących oddziaływać na wartość nieruchomości. Problematyka została omówiona z uwzględnieniem istoty współczesnego miasta i procesów w nim zachodzących. Przeprowadzone w poszczególnych rozdziałach przedmiotowe analizy pozwoliły na wskazanie różnych niedopasowań ofert do oczekiwań nabywców na rynku nieruchomości. W wyniku postępowania badawczego autorzy sformułowali wnioski oraz rekomendacje dotyczące kierunków rozwoju rynku nieruchomości mieszkaniowych. Monografia może być źródłem wiedzy dla teoretyków i praktyków gospodarczych, a także stać się inspiracją do dyskusji i dalszych badań dotyczących kierunków rozwoju rynku nieruchomości. Wydanie dofinansowane ze środków Ministerstwa Edukacji i Nauki w ramach programu Doskonała nauka.
More...
Purpose: The aim of the study is to determine the costs of maintaining a dwelling by retirees and disability pensioners compared to other households in the years 1993–2019. Design/methodology/approach: In order to determine the amount of housing costs for retirees and disability pensioners as well as for other households, the author has collected data on the costs between 1993 and 2019 based on the publication of the Central Statistical Office (now known as Statistics Poland) entitled “Budżety gospodarstw domowych” (Household budget survey). Findings: The costs related to the maintenance of a dwelling constitute the second largest group of expenses following consumption. The cost analysis in the period between 1993 and 2019 showed a constant increase in housing costs, with the largest group of costs being those related to heating. On the other hand, the highest cost growth dynamics was related to water expenditures. The housing expenditure of retirees and disability pensioners was the highest or one of the highest among all the surveyed groups of households, which results, among other things, from the lack of adjustment of the living conditions of seniors to their needs (in terms of the number of rooms, flat area or architectural solutions), as well as from the poor technical condition of the dwellings, which also translates into higher maintenance costs. Originality and value: The issue of the cost of maintaining a dwelling by seniors is not frequently discussed in the scientific literature. The main areas of research concerning the elderly in the context of housing resources are most often related to architectural maladjustments. However, the topic of increasing housing costs in senior households is an important social problem and should be the subject of more research and analysis.
More...
Purpose: The aim of the study is to present the concept of the silver economy and basic solutions in the field of gerontechnology utilised in senior housing, as well as to depict the situation in commercial retirement homes in Poland in terms of the use of devices related to gerontechnology. Design/methodology/approach: The author has conducted literature studies in the field of demography, the concept of the silver economy and gerontechnology. Additionally, an empirical study has been carried out with the use of a standardised questionnaire. The research population consisted of institutions providing round-the-clock care for disabled, chronically ill or elderly people. These institutions operate as part of business activity or paid statutory activity from at least January 1, 2017, with minimum 75% of the total population being people aged 65 and older. Findings: The sector of private retirement homes in Poland takes advantage of technological solutions to improve the quality of life of residents and the level of services provided. However, the catalogue of existing solutions is significantly limited and used primarily to support and monitor health. Solutions for the automation and control of the home environment are applied to a small extent, and the use of solutions for the exchange of information and recreation is marginal. Originality and value: The demographic changes taking place in Poland, as well as the growing costs of supporting older population groups and meeting their diverse needs may raise concerns about the productivity of the economy, its competitiveness and the condition of public finances. However, the existing scientific studies and foreign experience allow to conclude that if the silver economy is considered as a field of strategic activities, the existing threats can be perceived as opportunities. Gerontechnology is a vital element of this economy, and modern technological solutions aimed at seniors are an inherent and increasingly popular element of senior housing and will become one of the basic directions for improving the real estate market.
More...
Many social problems that are present in the South East Europe (SEE), such as unemployment, low political participation and migration, high brain drain, the highest unemployment rates of youth in Europe and the lowest rates of political participation of young people are particularly visible when it comes to youth, as they are a special social category. All these problems require a systematic approach and thorough analysis which can result in needed change and progress. The “Civic Platform for Young Liberal Activists” (CPLA) is a project organized by European Liberal Forum with the support of the Center Party International Foundation (CIS), Haya van Someren Stichting/VVD Internationaal and Boris Divkovic Foundation. The aim of this project is to provoke interest of youth in political activism, within the broad spectrum of civil society including political parties, NGOs and social movements. Liberal political NGOs of South-East Europe gathered young representatives of liberal political parties with one goal - to raise awareness of youth activism. As a part of the project tasks, teams had to write Opinion Pieces on a chosen topic that is relevant for their county, but also for the region. Due to the restrictions caused by the Covid-19 pandemic, teams did not have the opportunity to meet in person, however, their strong will and joint goals resulted in a publication named “The Voice of Youth”.
More...
People who are physically alone in their old age may experience problems in terms of both psychological and physical health. Studies on the subject show that loneliness increases with age (Pinquart & Sorensen, 2001; Hawkley & Cacioppo, 2010). Therefore, it is inevitable for elderly individuals to want to engage in various activities in order to evaluate the periods when they are alone. It is thought that the beginning of digitalization in all areas of life and the increase in the use of smart devices are more common especially among individuals who are alone. In this study, it is aimed to investigate the relationship between smartphone addiction and loneliness in geriatric, in other words, elderly individuals. Interviews were conducted with 8 elderly individuals via smartphones, both on Instagram, which is a social media environment, and WhatsApp, which is a phone chat application. At the same time, they became friends with these people on their WhatsApp and Instagram accounts and their profiles were examined in detail for 30 days. In order to make analysis based on gender, 4 individuals were selected as male and 4 individuals as female. At the same time, these interviews were made through certain periods and at the same time, the time intervals they spent on their smart phones were tried to be determined.
More...
“We do not conquer the lands, we conquer the hearts!” Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror. Touching people and working with them is a different metier in these lands, which have embraced the measure of this word and have been associated with a state tradition for more than 2000 years that has measured the key to success with the importance they attach to human behaviour. Organizational Behaviour is to integrate as an entity around a goal and to exhibit behaviour in order to direct the knowledge, skills, energy and resources to the goal. The behaviours exhibited are not only functionally the realization of the purpose, but also an interaction and result of the being shown. For this reason, Organizational Behaviour is the whole of living, needing, changing and developing behaviours. This development shows itself in the Organizational Behaviour literature with different concepts and behaviour patterns from day to day. In this respect, it is an inevitable need for researches in the field of Organizational Behaviour to constantly follow the agenda and be prepared for change due to the living tissue of the field. Based on this need, this book presents current issues in the field of Organizational Behaviour. The book is shaped by presentation of current theoretical knowledge and researches specific to the field by the authors of the academicians who follow and analyze the change rapidly. The book is a work of good effort. Hoping that this valuable work will contribute to those who live their organizational life with passion.
More...