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History, Memory and Everyday Environmentalism. The Case of New Belgrade

Author(s): Charlotte Johnson,Nela Milić,Vanesa Castán Broto / Language(s): English Issue: 03/2015

The authors study experiences of the urban environment in New Belgrade and argue for an understanding of how environmental movements are mobilised and mediated by urban environments. In particular, they focus on the perceptions that have emerged through historical processes of state-driven urban development and urban appropriation by the population when the state retreated. Today, future visions of the city-to-be intersect with the lived reality of contradictions between memory, the production of public space, and its marketisation. Thus by engaging with memories of the production of the urban environment, the difficulties faced in attempts at redefining environmental relations within the city are highlighted and a broader sense of what can constitute an environmental movement is achieved.

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Rewitalizacja a rozwój społeczno-gospodarczy miast (wybrane przykłady)

Author(s): Agnieszka Lisowska,Arkadiusz Ochmański / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 23/2016

The issue of socio-economic development is now a very important problem with regard to local government politics. It is not surprising, therefore, that all activities leading to this development are becoming equally important. One of them is revitalization. Obviously, the term is usually understood as actions taken in relation to industrial facilities, rarely – ones related to functional units and settlements. Taking into consideration problems of modern Polish cities, it is hardly possible to state that there is any urban unit that is no need of revitalization actions or that revitalization process has been fully accomplished in a degraded area. It is even more probable that the development of a settlement unit will cause new social or economic problems. There will always be some areas considered critical, where development does not occur or its level is so negligible that it is impossible to demonstrate any improvement. In those areas, burdened with a wide range of socio-economic problems, revitalization seems to be an appropriate tool which can lead to improving or changing their condition. This article is based on the Master thesis under the title “Rewitalizacja miast szansą ich rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego” [Revitalization of cities as a chance for their socio-economic development] defended at Wrocław University in 2014. The material has been updated and complemented with current statistical data.

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Rural gentrification as a migration process: Evidence from Sweden

Author(s): Susanne Hjort / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2009

The aim of this study is to investigate rural gentrification as a migration process in parts of the sparsely populated countryside. The aim is sought through an analysis of the socio-economic and demographic composition of migration patterns using register data and employing different methods including logistic regression analysis. The particular time set of the analyses from the late 1980s until the early 1990s has been utilized as a way to understand the changing migration pattern of a changing economy; from boom to bust. The results show that rural gentrification is of marginal importance in the sparsely populated countryside of Sweden.

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Területi integráció és fejlesztéspolitika

Author(s): Bernadett Csurgó,Megyesi Boldizsár / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 3/2016

The paper seeks to understand the influences of development policy initiatives on territorial integration. Through the analysis of Vértes Nature Park case study we aimed at exploring whether the territorial relationships of the stakeholders can be restructured by spatially based development. The aim of the paper is to present the mechanisms of territorial integration by a case study analysis of rural territorial development.Our findings show that the participation and involvement of stakeholders in rural development are determined by their role and status in the initiative, thus the initiator actors are the more active ones. The territorial relationships of stakeholders are increased and strengthened by the level of involvement in the activities of Vértes Nature Park. Nevertheless, the territorialcloseness also affects the stakeholders’ involvement. Csákvár and its surroundings have central position in this territorial relationship. The acceptance of the principals of the initiatives is also affected by the territorial closeness and it limits the contested development initiatives.

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Miasta przeszłości i nowoczesności

Author(s): Andrzej Majer / Language(s): Polish Issue: 7/2016

Cities are an emanation of societies, therefore to interpret their features and changes can be of great use these theories, that explain the mechanisms of social survival and development; first theories of social change. The support structure for description and explanation of these changes may be the most common social sciences and humanities explanatory diagram of the triad. Her first part is almost complete now “crisis” of the cities. The second link in the triad is the “renewal” of cities in the second half of the XXth century, aiming to reverse the degradation and renew urban economic and social structures. The third member of the triad refers to the present and the next stage symptoms: a renewed and revived thanks to new investments in large cities reborn, strive for the title of “creative” and fill successfully tissue culture and science, aiming to certify that they are still an attractive, living environment. The spatial structure of cities from ancient times reflected social structure. In the postindustrial cities in the form deurbanization affected, resulting in the focus of settlement and economic base moved outside the boundaries of previously developed cities. The current period and the third component of the triad is the era of post‑fordistic “creative cities” with a creative class.

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Miasto (post)socjalistyczne i świat społeczny jego mieszkańców

Author(s): Barbara Lewicka ,Marek S. Szczepański / Language(s): Polish Issue: 7/2016

The article presents analysis of changes both in urban space and social consciousness of city dwellers of the Silesian city called Tychy. Authors refer to the empirical studies undertaken in 80’s/90’s of XXth century and in the beginning of second decade of XXIst century. Tychy has been considered as a city without perspectives for the future but after processes of transformation it is now an approachable and attractive urban space.

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Miasto jako przestrzeń identyfikacji jego mieszkańców

Author(s): Krzysztof Bierwiaczonek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 7/2016

The main problem of the article is the inhabitants’ identification with a city. The theoretical background is based on culturalistic issues of the space value expressed by Florian Znaniecki, and social space and urban identity concepts written by Aleksander Wallis. Moreover, the contemporary theory of identity expressed by Gordon Mathews, Ewa Rewers’ distinction of identity and identification, and David Hummon’s concept of the sense of place are also used. Quantitative research, conducted in Gdańsk, Gliwice, and Wrocław in 2015 serves as an empirical point of reference. The analysis shows a high level of satisfaction out of living in a city and a slightly lower level of identification with a city and its inhabitants. The age of respondents influences the identification with city’s inhabitants — the older ones more often identify themselves with other inhabitants. Regardless of the respondents’ age, contemporary changes which take place in cities as well as in the process of the construction of the individual self, the city is still very important space of identification for its inhabitants.

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Revitalization actions as a tool to shape a sustainable city (a case study of Opole Voivodship, Poland)

Author(s): Agnieszka Dembicka-Niemiec / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 24/2016

The principal goal of the article is to identify the influence of the revitalization actions which were implemented according to the rules of sustainable development in cities located in opole Voivodship (Province). The first part of the article is devoted to the theory of a sustainable city and the significance of city revitalization processes. The second part focuses on answering the following questions: Were the changes in the case of particular revitalization actions related to social, environmental and economic spheres? and Have they effectively led to shaping a sustainable city? Furthermore, it identifies the performance and actions which were taken in the durability context of the sustainable development concept. Moreover, the author mentions actions within the urban policy, pertaining to examples of revitalization, and offers recommendations in the case of occurrence of negative interactions with economic, social and environmental aspects. The research was conducted on the basis of analyses of: applications of revitalization projects co-financed within the Regional operation Program for opole Province in the years 2007–2013, local revitalization programs in cities of opole Province, focus studies conducted in 12 cities of the region, as well as survey research carried out among representatives of all local government units in the Province.

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Effects of urban space privatisation – case studies

Author(s): Agnieszka Jania / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 24/2016

The problems presented in the article are related to evaluation of the effects of urban space privatisation from the town’s viewpoint. The aim of the article is to identify basic categories of effects resulting from urban space privatisation, exemplified by case studies, and evaluate them in relation to the examined empirical examples. Methodologically, the examination includes reference search and case studies concerning both transactions of undeveloped land property effected by the public sector and investment projects completed in specified locations of Katowice. at the same time, identification of the analysed examples effects, as well as their evaluation, are based on data obtained from the Municipal offce of Katowice and developer companies. Moreover, the identified effects of urban space privatisation have been assessed by implementing the multi-criteria evaluation model.

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In Search of an Ideal City: The Influence of Utopian Ideas on Urban Planning

Author(s): Janusz Słodczyk / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 24/2016

The article presents the impact of ideas contained in utopian conceptions of cities on the development of the urban-planning thought. While analyzing the development of town- planning throughout centuries, it is possible to conclude that the utopian (seemingly unreal) assumptions of proposed models did find their reflection in urban-planning conceptions which provided the springboard for concrete designs of real cities. The author makes a review of the most significant visions of the utopian city, ones that appeared in all epochs, beginning with the ancient conception included in Plato’s Republic through Thomas Moore’s Utopia, campanelli’s Civitas Solis, designs of the 19th-century utopians and attempts at their realization, well into the 20th-century instances of implementation of social models which can also be included into utopian conceptions of the city. The principles behind city-planning in the 20th century were – to the greatest extent – influenced by three conceptions: Howard’s garden, le corbusier’s ville radieuse and F.l. Wright’s Broadcare city, all of them containing an element of utopian conceptions. The author emphasizes the special influence of such conceptions on setting directions to designing cities which are expected to cater for social needs.

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Bright City Lights and Slums of Dhaka city: Determinants of rural-urban migration in Bangladesh

Author(s): Ahsan Ullah / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2004

This paper explores the factors contributing to the migration process in Bangladesh. 197 randomly selected migrants and their families were interviewed at both destination and source locations using closed and open-ended questionnaires. The resulting data provided descriptive and analytical statistics. Data analysis reveals that the flow of migration to the major cities in Bangladesh is the result of rural - urban dichotomies in income, employment opportunity and absorptive capacity. A significantly higher percentage of migrants live in slums as compared to other places (P<0.003). Regression analysis shows that migration is influenced by both “push” and “pull” factors, such as the search for work, landlessness, extreme poverty, loss of income,, easy access to informal sectors in cities, and joining families or relatives. A factor analysis showed similar determinants. Reducing disparities between rural and urban areas should receive urgent attention to stabilise the migration process in Bangladesh

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OD MIEJSCA DO NIE-MIEJSCA. DRUGIE ŻYCIE PODZIEMI DWORCA CENTRALNEGO W WARSZAWIE

Author(s): Magdalena Kurenda / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2016

The metamorphosis of Warsaw’s Central Station and its underground passages is the story of Poland’s system transformation, of the process of adapting Poland’s economy to the world economy, to the free market model, and of strategies for managing the public space in the face of general commercialization and privatization. Finally, it is the story of the results of these processes for social life. The author, using the category of invisibility, observes the processes and social phenomena that were either brought to the fore or marginalized, or eliminated, from social life during the aesthetic trans- formation of the station and its underground passages. She shows that ordinarily the ostensible modernization of a structure is in reality a manifestation of the economic and social gentrification of that part of the city. At the same time, seeing the domination of international chains and the short life span of local businesses, and analyzing the division of the underground commercial space between global and local brands, she concludes that it symbolizes the consolidation of the peripheral position of Polish ‘post-transformation’ businesses in regard to global businesses.

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ULICZNI „PRZEDSIĘBIORCY”, CZYLI SPÓR O WIDZIALNOŚĆ W PRZESTRZENI PUBLICZNEJ MIASTA

Author(s): Beata Kowalczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2016

This text is an attempt at a sociological description of the phenomenon of street trading as a form of (in)visible presence in the public space of the city. Street traders are (in)visible in the sense that, in breaking the legal regulations setting the frame for public visibility, they must be invisible to the apparatus of power in order to avoid fines and ensure their ability to achieve their aims, their livelihoods. On the one hand, street traders balance on the edge of the law, transgressing the public order, and on the other hand, they are active creators of its (in)visible portion, metaphorically speaking — protesters against the established socio-cultural structures but in reality people seeking the means to survive.

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CZY WIDZIALNOŚĆ JEST GWARANCJĄ SUKCESU? SKUTECZNOŚĆ DZIAŁAŃ MARKETINGOWYCH W PRZESTRZENI MIEJSKIEJ

Author(s): Michał Dobrołowicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2016

This article addresses the question of whether the visibility of specific brands in large cities always supports the economic success of the firms to which they belong. The author discusses the issue—which borders on sociology, psychology, and practical wisdom about marketing activities—in the light of four theoretical concepts. The first is George Frank’s idea of the ‘economy of attention’, wherein attention is a good, which, contrary to other economic resources, does not have a substitute and is very hard to replace with anything else. The second concerns the type of audience reached by the visual marketing messages presented in cities. The third perspective is related to the concept of the ‘culture of distraction’, whose characteristic trait is the problem that individuals have in concentrating their attention on one object for a longer period of time. The fourth plane on which answers are sought is how the issue of visibility is overlooked in marketing campaigns. The key idea for this part of the analysis is Henry Jenkins’ ‘spreadability’. In conclusion, the author ponders the case of an ad campaign appealing to a sense other than that of sight. In this regard the author refers to the osmosociological perspective described by Marek S. Szczepański and Weronika Ślęzak-Tazbir, among others.

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WIDEOZWIEDZANIE. BADANIA MIASTA W PERSPEKTYWIE PARADYGMATU MOBILNOŚCI

Author(s): Łukasz Rogowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2016

This article contains a presentation of the theoretical and methodological premises of various kinds of mobile social research in the city. The departure point is to treat moving as a characteristic of contemporary socio-cultural life, as in the premises of the mobility paradigm. Mobility is described as the context for experiencing the urban space and the point of departure for mobile social research. The traits and various types of such research are indicated, including the principles that connect them with visual research techniques. ‘Walking with video’ is used as an example. The author recounts research experiences connected with the use of this technique, on three levels: preparation, realization, and processing and communication.

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JAK BUDOWANA JEST PRZESTRZEŃ PRYWATNA WE WSPÓŁCZESNYM MIEŚCIE? ANALIZA DZIENNIKÓW WIZUALNYCH

Author(s): Waldemar Rapior / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2016

This article is devoted to the relation between privacy and behavior in public places. It has already been more than half a century since Erving Goffman published his notes on the social organization of gatherings. Today, the context for meetings in public places is round-the-clock monitoring—exposing oneself online, giving other persons access to one’s privacy through internet applications, and being under the eye of the camera 24 hours a day. This context means that the delicate balance between—to use Goffman’s terminology—the stage and the wings has been disturbed. On the basis of field material (visual diaries kept by over a dozen persons in the Poznań area), the author concludes that people spontaneously create privacy shields. He presents ten grassroots protective strategies to show that people in contemporary cities spontaneously balance what is private with what is public.

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When Citizens Become Activists – Negotiating Urban Space in Belgrade

Author(s): Sabrina Kopf / Language(s): English Issue: 33/2014

Looking at the emergence of urban movements in Belgrade, this paper examines bike activists and their struggle for urban space. More specifically, it analyzes how the bike activists perceive themselves and their activism. In this regard, we argue that the notion of građanin serves as a decisive marker of the activists’ urban identity and their urban contestation. Stressing that they are citizens who are committed to making Belgrade a nicer and more livable city, the activists play down the political dimension of their engagement while successfully positioning them in opposition to politicians, authorities and political activists. Furthermore, the activists’spatial strategies reflect the specific context in which the bike activism is taking place. With their ‘do-it-yourself-actions’ and their emphasis on fun elements, the peaceful character of their activities and the simultaneous avoidance of political messages, the activists aim to distance themselves from mainstream politics while seeking to promote public support for their cause. Consequently, the activists’ engagement for cycling in the city discloses a new field of agency by offering them an alternative way to articulate their critique towards politicians and authorities.

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GEOGRAPHICAL AXIS THEORY. ROLE AND FUNCTION IN BUILDING TERRITORIAL SOCIAL REALITIES

Author(s): Calin Cornel Pop / Language(s): English Issue: 52/2016

This article wants to present the geographical axis as an entity capable of explaining a part of the territorial social realities. The geographical axis, interpreted as a territorial social axis, becomes a convergent social space, defining for the human communities organized along certain material energies charged both informational and economic. The territorial axes acquire permanent, natural and social operation ability through the characteristic community which governs it in time. This study focuses on the spatial structure of the Geographical axes. We have a lot of flat shapes for the spatial structure: we have axes, polygons and they have a lot of different geographical extensions in territory. The aim of the research is to analyze the geometric models of territorial and social realities. The social and economic attributes of the territory are discussed in numerous studies. The aim of my research is to analyse these shapes of the axes type. The axes, they show the spatial structure of an area in a simple way that is why they are used not only in scientific researches but also in educational publishing, in education, in regional policy and the social territorial analysis. The axes is one form in territorial modelling. It is often used to symbolize development corridors, linear urban and traffic zones etc. Sometimes the axes are used to represent an area including some countries, regions which are in the same political, economic, social and natural position.

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Body – text – space. A Model of Spatial Extension of Methodological Triangulation

Author(s): Sławomir Pasikowski / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2/2015

The aim of the article is to shown of base of the triangulation idea in methodology of social research which is derived from geodesy and cartography. From the perspective the new associations and the new perspective in the scope of methodology are possible. The article presents a contemporary frame of the issue. In combination with the geodesic perspective it has been developed base to multidimensional view of triangulation in methodology of social research. The solution make possible to combine in the one model the three functions assigned to triangulation: validation, generalization of research results, broadening of knowledge.

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Mechanizmy polityki klimatycznej polskich samorządów

Author(s): Katarzyna Szmigiel-Rawska / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 67/2017

The paper describes the effects of the policy of Polish cities concerning climate change. The study uses a questionnaire carried out in all Polish municipalities, and four case studies. The analysis is based on the concept of local knowledge orders. In Polish local government policy, instead of talking of climate change, the officials prefer referring to efficiency in obtaining external funds, savings, or actions meant to raise the quality of life. The term climate change policy is rarely used.

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