A munkaügyi ingázás területi mintái Észak-Dunántúlon Az ingázás jelentősége Magyarországon, Észak-Dunántúl sajátosságai

Author(s): Tamás Hardi / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 02/2015

The paper aims to outline the specific commuting paths, centres, agglomerations and evolving spatial systems of the Northern Transdanubia based on data of the population censuses of 2001 and 2011. Because of the relative economic development of Northern Transdanubia and its settlement network, commuting bears special importance there. Due to differences in spatial development, in structural and regional transformation of economy and employment, and development of the settlement network, evolution of spatial patterns of commuting may serve as example for other areas of Hungary and Central Europe as well.

Regeneration of the Hazaribagh urban brownfield: An imperative for Dhaka’s sustainable urban development

Author(s): Mohammed Nawrose Fatemi,Tahmina Rahman / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2015

This study investigates the projected outcome of the Bangladesh government’s decision to relocate the Hazaribagh tanneries outside Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh. Ever since the early industrialisation of Bangladesh, leather processing industries have played a significant economic role. In Dhaka, these industries are mainly concentrated in Hazaribagh, an important area in the southwestern part of the city. Hazaribagh is a junction connecting the new township with the old one. However, the use of inferior technologies, coupled with the absence of proper industrial waste-management and waste-treatment facilities, have destroyed the ecology of the Hazaribagh area and badly impacted its surroundings. Consequently, moving the tanneries from Hazaribagh and then redeveloping the area offers a unique opportunity in the country's sustainable urban regeneration. Regenerating the Hazaribagh urban brownfield can serve as a model for sustainable twenty-first-century neighbourhoods, incorporating contemporary facilities and environmentally friendly elements for healthy living. This study analyses the Hazaribagh area’s potential as an example of a planned sustainable area for the entire city, free from the severe pollution that it is notorious for.

Prenova degradiranega območja Hazaribagh: nujni ukrep za trajnostni razvoj Dake

Author(s): Tahmina Rahman,Mohammed Nawrose Fatemi / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 2/2015

V članku je predstavljena raziskava predvidenih posledic odločitve bangladeške vlade, da strojarne v Hazaribaghu preseli iz Dake, bangladeškega glavnega mesta. Usnjarska industrija ima že od zgodnje industrializacije pomembno vlogo v gospodarstvu države. V Daki je ta industrija nakopičena na območju Hazaribagha v jugozahodnem predelu mesta, ki je stičišče novega in starega dela mesta. Uporaba tehnologije slabe kakovosti, neustrezno ravnanje z industrijskimi odpadki in pomanjkanje naprav za obdelavo odpadkov so uničili ekologijo Hazaribagha in močno obremenili okolico. Selitev strojarn iz Hazaribagha in sanacija tega območja ponujata edinstveno priložnost za trajnostno mestno prenovo v državi. Prenova degradiranega območja v Hazaribaghu lahko služi kot model trajnostnih sosesk 21. stoletja, ki vključujejo vse sodobne objekte in okolju prijazne sestavine, potrebne za zdravo bivanje. V raziskavi avtorja analizirata potencial soseske Hazaribagh, da kot primer načrtovanega trajnostnega območja, ki ga ne zaznamuje močna onesnaženost, po kateri ta lokacija trenutno slovi, postane zgled za vse mesto.

TRANSLOCAL URBANISM IN SOUTHERN AFRICA: BETWEEN JOHANNESBURG AND MAPUTO

Author(s): Paola Piscitelli / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2015

This paper investigates the link between mobility and urban space in the geographical context of Southern Africa. At the intersection of urban theory and mobility studies, this paper focuses on the relationship between mobility, informality and urban space in the ‘cities off the map’. Proposing and adopting the theoretical framework of ‘transnational urbanism’, it addresses the ‘mobile constitution of the urban space’ by investigating the link between trans-local geographies and socio spatial practices of “mukheristas”, Mozambican informal cross-border traders. Mukheristas deploy movement as a livelihood strategy as well as a transactional way to carve out space in the everyday life of the city. Navigating multidimensional constraints, they are able to connect heterogeneous spaces and networks across transnational distances.The paper attempts to unveil the manifold configurations of agency underlying this process by following the practices, stories, and places of informal cross-border traders between Johannesburg and Maputo deploying multi-situated ethnographic explorations.Using a view from below and a relational approach to urbanism, the paper unfolds the mobility potential and related socio-spatial agencies, often ignored and/or underestimated as important components of the spatial processes pertaining to the the construction of the “urban”.

Prezentacje: Sylwia Chutnik: Bruk i blok, czyli pisanie miastem. Miejskość jako opowieść

Author(s): Sylwia Chutnik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1 (6)/2015

Ewolucja statusu społecznego i pozycji wielkich osiedli mieszkaniowych w strukturze rezydencjalnej miasta postsocjalistycznego. Wybrane przykłady

Author(s): Ewa Szafrańska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 52/2015

Large block housing estates built after the Second World War are present in the urban landscapes of many Central East European countries. Moreover, they constitute the dominant form of urban residential environment and a significant part of the socio-spatial structure of post-socialist cities. The main purpose of this paper was to identify ongoing changes in post-socialist large housing estates and to clarify their main factors. These analyses were encompassed the changes in socio-demographic and socio-economic structure of inhabitants of large housing estates and the changes in their residential prestige. The main question was how large housing estates built during the socialist period have changed in new socio-demographic, political and economic conditions, which emerged after the collapse of socialism. The second question was, whether the transformations within large housing estates of post-socialist cities distinguishes from the processes taking place in West European cities. The study was based on a review of the available literature and the author’s own previously published work.

Poziom zaangażowania mieszkańców Łodzi i Iwanowa w organizacjach pozarządowych

Author(s): Agnieszka Świątek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 52/2015

The subject of this paper is to present the voluntary inhabitants of Lodz and Ivanovo. The main purpose of this article is to analyze the level of civic engagement, in particular the participation of NGOs. Empirical basis for this article is the research material gathered in the framework of the project “Revival of post-industrial cities”. The practical base for this article is the research material covered a representative group among the 700 citizens of Lodz and 437 citizens of Ivanovo.

Zadowolenie z życia a zaufanie społeczne mieszkańców miast postprzemysłowych

Author(s): Agnieszka Michalska-Żyła / Language(s): Polish Issue: 52/2015

The quality of life, from some time, is the most popular issues discussed on the social sciences ground. It is also the category which is increasingly used as one of the main elements of evaluation and comparison among countries, regions and cities. The study of life satisfaction is one of the main elements of the assessment of subjective quality of life. Analysis of the relationship between life satisfaction and categories such as bonds and social relationships, participation and trust indicate the priority of these variables on economic factors. The purpose of this article is to present the role of social trust in shaping the subjective quality of life which is understood as a generalized satisfaction with life. The main element of discussed issues is to analized the relationship between life satisfaction and the level and forms of social trust of urban residents from post-industial cities located in Poland, Russia, Turkey, Lithuania and Hungary. The interest has focused on the existed similarities and differences between cities in relation to the presented issues.

Град у Србији и Бугарској: компаративно ишчитавање актуелних процеса

Author(s): Sanja Zlatanović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2015

Тhe topic of this volume is a result from The Contemporary City in Serbia and Bulgaria: Processes and Changes, a bilateral project of the Institute of Ethnography of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts and the Insti-tute of Ethnology and Folklore Studies with Ethnographic Museum of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (2014-2016). The six papers offer a comparative view of current social processes in two neighbouring Balkan countries, linked by numerous historical and political experiences. Comparative research into societal trends enables a more thorough understanding and monitoring of global processes. In today’s increasingly globalised and glocalised world, towns experience sudden changes and it is in the towns that these changes are most vividly to be seen. The focus of our research is on the dynamism of the contemporary town, on processuality and changes in societal practices.

Могућност Трећег: нематеријална културна наслеђа Града

Author(s): Ljiljana Gavrilović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2015

The paper considers the basic concepts of perceiving the city, first and foremost its polarization against the country or the village and (much later) polarization between the old “solidary” and contemporary anomic cities. Aside from this, the paper considers the basic premises and practice of the application of the Conven-tion for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage, which are mostly based on safeguard-ing/protecting premodern cultural elements and – mostly essentialist – group identities, in order to high-light the possibilities of reworking the conceptual framework for the application of the Convention to – here-tofore unknown – urban heritages which originated on completely different premises, as well as the issues and dilemmas which can arise from such attempts.

Миграције село – град у другој половини 20. века у Србији

Author(s): Milina Ivanović-Barišić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3/2015

Migration from rural to urban areas begun in the period between the two world wars, as a result of launching economic and cultural transformation of the former Yugoslav state. The culmination was reached in the first decades after World War II due to development of industrialization and urbanization within the society. An additional incentive for mass migration from rural to urban areas was achieved by strengthening the role of urban centers in the commercial, economic, cultural and educational terms, starting in the sixth decade of the 20th century.

Falusiratók a városiasodás idején?

Author(s): István Tari / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 10/2015

István Tari (Hungarian writer who lives in the former Yugoslavia, present-day Serbia)examines the destruction of villages during the second half of the 20th century.With the help of official documents and literary works, he shows with shocking power the life of these former Yugoslavian villages and presents the exploitation of the resident Hungarian minority bound to a shrinking habitat.

Governance, Strategy and Innovation of Utilities controlled by Urban Governing Bodies: Insights for Industrial Policy

Author(s): Giacomo Di Foggia / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2015

There is renewed interest in the role that utilities controlled by local public entities can play in promoting economic development, but also in the role that these firms have on the financial stability of the controlling bodies. Almost all urban governing authorities rely on utilities to deliver goods and services. Provided that these utilities are essential for the healthy functioning of the economy, their governance shall be forward looking and sustainable. Thus, one of the key tasks of today's executives of such enterprise is to participate in and contribute to their organisations' strategies. Strategic analysis entails evaluating business goals, objectives and plans in light of a company focus on revenues maximisation. We argue that where enterprises dispose of a structured analyst aimed at analysing consumer’s behaviour, business inclination toward innovation activities improve. This advantage stems different roots, e.g. from deeper knowledge of the economic and business environment, better ICT literacy and familiarity with customer relation management. Although some research limitations, the research outputs support our statements.

Između utopije i nemjesta – suvremeni suburbani prostor

Author(s): Sara Ursić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 3/2015

Space on the urban edge as well as settlements that are part of that space are considered to be specific contemporary socio-spatial laboratories. Edge settlements, towns or villages, are affected by the central city which penetrates into its surroundings in multiple ways, some of which are visible, spatial transformations, but many are manifested at symbolic level and therefore represent a set of relationships that define space. The definition of suburbanization and all other related processes is based on the analysis of the key concepts such as urbanization, space and place and the consequences for the urban and suburban everyday life that emerge from the reconceptualization of those concepts.Starting from the presumption that we are all witnessing planetary suburbanism, this paper analyzes the process of suburbanization and focuses on contemporary spatial trends in edge settlements. Suburbanization processes are studied from a sociological perspective, which implies the expansion of the urban way of life and departure from strict definitions of cities and their surroundings by stressing the permeability of the urban boundaries in contemporary spatial classification. In this paper, the author attempts to explain the main agents of suburbanization and its socio-spatial results by rethinking the process of suburbanization through process dynamics, spatial and social dynamics as well as through research of the conceptual and semantic richness that has emerged in recent decades.

Urbanizare și omogenizare socială: funcțiile sistematizării teritoriale în EPOCA DE AUR

Author(s): Emanuel COPILAȘ / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 13/2016

In Ceaușescu’s Romania, territorial systematization was used as a gigantic political, economic and social tool in order to create the ‘multilaterally developed socialist society’. The regime seemed to be homogenous and function in a unilateral ideological way. However, the national-communist edifice was full of contradictions. The most important of them that between party and state, reverberated at all levels of activity and systematization surely represented one of the most important fields in which party-state contradictions could expand. They did so, as I try to argue in the present article, in favor of the state rather than the party, although the party used the state as an administrative instrument in order to achieve its developmental goals.

The inequality effect on family composition

Author(s): Maria Carmela MICCOLI,Antonella Biscione / Language(s): English Issue: 13/2016

he aim of this paper is to analyse the inequality in Italy by using Dagum’s decomposition of Gini index (Dagum, 1997). Dagum’s decomposition has solved many problems related to the decomposability of the Gini index. The paper is divided in three sections. In the first section is analysed the family context in Italy. The second part presents the explanation of Dagum’s decomposition is explained. Then, in the last part is analysed the inequality in Italy by using the data collected by the Bank of Italy “Survey on Household’s Income and Wealth 2012”.

Správa z medzinárodnej doktorandskej konferencie „Kreativní město II: Města v interakcích“, Ostrava 15. – 16. júna 2016

Author(s): Marianna Bobková / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 3/2016

The report of the International Joint Conferences on "Creative City II: Cities in interactions", Ostrava 15 - 16 June 2016

Kihalt vidék: a vidékiség értelmezései az állami és piaci rezsimek kontextusában

Author(s): Á. Töhötöm Szabó / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 01/2016

The paper presents on the background of the postsocialist change, transformations of the state and marketisation the case of the villagers from a multiethnic village (Romanians, Hungarians and Roma) in Transylvania whose life and economic practices are characterized by a threefold tension. They experienced the economic disintegration of the local world (the village does not offer enough resources for making a living); the socialist, paternalistic state disappeared, but in recent years has become one of the major economic actors through its different subsidies (e.g. SAPS funds) and social aids; locals’ life is deeply influenced by market integration and disintegration. The villagers are part of and see themselves as part of a global context, while they are able to influence only their close surroundings being unable to exert effects on the national or global levels. They try to surmount these tensions by evoking moral views about fair conditions and happier life and by employing special economic practices. The decreased demand for their work and products, the devaluation of land, the ambiguous presence of the state, the increase in the importance of the market have thus two effects: the villagers have to reinvent repeatedly their economic practices and while trying to do this they formulate moral sentences to interpret successes and failures. The paper analyzes how the religious and ethnic communities, the networks of mutual help, political conditions and economic circumstances interplay in the formation of a popular wisdom (metis).

Mélyszegénységben élő fiatal nők munkaerőpiaci és párválasztási perspektívái elzáródott vidéki térben

Author(s): Ibolya Czibere,Éva Molnár / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 01/2016

By the millennium, rural poverty has become persistent, strikingly increasing the unemployment rate for young people in villages and keeping it at this high level, while the reproduction of rural poverty has begun as well. It is quite a remarkable Hungarian phenomenon that poverty rather is concentrated in rural areas as compared to cities in Western Europe. The settlement comfort has fallen below the national average significantly, in terms of housing, institutions and commercial establishments as well. People with tangible resources have left these destitute small settlements, and as a result of selective migration, the ethnic and social composition of these settlements has become homogeneous as well. Due to the high level of residential segregation and poverty, people living in these disadvantaged small villages have access to different types of resources than the majority society has. The endowments of these disadvantaged settlements are detrimental to the local population, which, however, force different organizational options on men and women. This study presents young women’s chances of starting life, especially their relationship opportunities and labor market situation through the results of a comprehensive sociological research that has been carried out in a small cul-de-sac village of 350 inhabitants near the Hungarian-Romanian border. We have investigated this closed rural space where young people start life, make decisions on mating, child-bearing and labor market, while also examining the most influential factors and the way they perpetuate poverty and exclusion onto the next generations through certain mechanisms.

Kompenzációs mechanizmusok és egyensúlyteremtő stratégiák egy vegyes (magyar–roma) etnikai összetételű határvidéki településen

Author(s): Sándor Borbély / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 01/2016

This study discusses the case of a village from North-Eastern Hungary, called Kispalád, where the Hungarian and Roma ethnic communities have been living together for many generations, forming an asymmetrically integrated community. The purpose of this research is to anthropologically analyse those micro-level mechanisms (everyday speech situations, routine actions and institutional practices), which reduce economic, social and power inequalities that permanently destabilise the asymmetrical interethnic situation. This study makes a thorough analysis of the functional role of religious institutions (Roma Neo-Protestant church and Hungarian Protestant Church) in the village. In this context, I am investigating how the members of these local communities control, influence or even convert the intra- or interethnic economic, social and power inequalities with the help of religious institutions, as well as various ritual (ceremonial) practices.