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The article looks at the open access, i.e. the practice of providing online access to scientific information that is free of charge to the end user and reusable. The author discussess motivations for open access publishing, main routes to open access (so called green and gold open access), its regulatory framework, as well as Polish and international implementation practices.
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The article analyses the development of successive phases of the global network: Web 1.0, Web 2.0, Web 3.0 and Web 4.0. The objective of the paper is to establish to what extent the consecutive stages of the Internet development affect both the way it is understood and the way its users are perceived. In the introductory remarks, the origins of the Internet are presented. The main body of the text revolves around particular stages of its development, focusing on features representative for each generation resulting from the advancement of Internet technologies. The problem of artificial intelligence in the context of the Internet changes is also addressed. The last section of the article includes concluding remarks. To discuss the issue, the article employs analytical – synthetic methodology.
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The article presents issues of children and youth’s safety in virtual space. Adults are obliged to ensure that young people will be safe in different dimensions, both in traditional social space and in virtual space (cyberspace). Contemporary,young people for whom the digital media are inseparable part of their every-day reality, are exposed to many incoming cyber dangers. In the article the examples of prevention and educational activities are presented. They must be taken to ensure that the young will be safely work in real and virtual world. The issues are discussed in interdisciplinary context.
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Beyond the marketing of IT companies, în the context of escalating cyber-attacks that affect organizations around the world, cyber security solutions become the primary element în protecting IT infrastructures and devices. The proliferation of Intelligent Mobile Devices and Cloud Technologies, the Internet of Things requires new technological solutions, implemented both at hardware and software, to combat threats.This paper summarizes the Integrated Software Platform for Malware Analysis of Mobile Terminals which aims to integrate various software technologies to protect mobile devices.
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Beyond the marketing of IT companies, in the context of escalating cyber-attacks that affect organizations aroundthe world, cyber security solutions have become the primary element in protecting IT infrastructures and devices. Theproliferation of Intelligent Mobile Devices and Cloud Technologies, the Internet of Things requires new technologicalsolutions, implemented both at hardware and software levels, to combat threats. This paper summarizes the IntegratedSoftware Platform for Malware Analysis of Mobile Terminals which aims to integrate various software technologies toprotect mobile devices.
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Gathering social media content and analysing the heavy and unstructured text coming from posts, comments and reactions can come as a powerful tool in understanding how people react to the information they receive. In this article we present the results from a social media analysis of 10771 headlines, with their subsequent text bodies and comments posted in a subreddit destined for Romanians during the state of emergency declared in Romania, from March 16 to May 15, 2020. Our objective was to model the main topics debated by this targeted population of people that tend to use Reddit to discuss current issues and to identify the sentiment polarity towards these topics. As expected, Romanians are mostly concerned with their social condition in the context of the pandemic caused by CoVID-19, as our research has revealed a word frequency for the term “Coronavirus” prominently higher than any other preferred term. However, the analysis brings up a surprising turnaround as the overall sentiment of the text posted in this dataset is predominantly neutral with a higher frequency of positive posts compared to the negative ones. This was unforeseen by our initial expectations: a natural tendency to more negative posts than positive considering the context of the chosen study period. Moreover, when compared to the time series of the CoVID-19 infections and caused deaths in Romania, spikes of extremely high or low mean sentiment scores per day can be correlated to the fluctuations of the declared cases. Not only does this bring us closer to understanding the social impact of CoVID-19 in the current context, but the outcome of this analysis can be easily extrapolated for further investigations upon other social networking tools or for more in-depth analysis on our studied corpus.
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This editorial aims to summarise the special issue entitled Inspiring Technologies for Digital Inclusivity, which was prepared from selected papers from the 12th International Conference on IT in Asia (CITA'21). The special issue consists of five scientific articles.
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This editorial aims to summarise the special issue entitled “Perspectives of Social Informatics” that builds on the current international view of social informatics. The special issue consists of eight scientific articles and one book review.
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To be able to play an active role in the design, creation and development of a networked society, students, scholars and practitioners need basic knowledge in social informatics. Students at a university of applied sciences attended a one-term seminar that consisted of eight two-day workshops. The students learned and used theories, concepts and methods of social informatics (SI), focusing on the sociological part of SI. The learning and teaching approach is grounded in competency-based learning. It enables students to explore a certain field. This is implemented by means of organization development, project-based learning, agile learning and teaching plus blended learning. It empowers teachers and students to work together efficiently, effectively and with joy. To learn how and why this approach worked, an embedded case study investigated the design, implementation and evaluation of the workshop series. Finally, the paper describes impediments to the communication and understanding of the term and the field of social informatics and sketches ideas how to deal with it concerning study programmes and the value social informatics can contribute to challenges like a pandemic.
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The surge in interest in online teaching increased not only due to the pandemic. It had been growing even before. The main objective of this study is therefore to explore how online teaching has changed. It addresses experience and opinions of educators of Czech and Slovak universities in the period from the first days of the COVID-19 lockdown (March 2020) till the peak of its second wave (May 2021). To examine the impact of disharmony, the authors investigated Czech and Slovak university educators’ activities and behaviour during their online teaching. A descriptive statistics approach was applied. A total of 172 educators participated in our online survey. Our results reveal that online teaching has become a fundamental component of their education. Our outcomes demonstrate their low preparation for this unexpected event as well as their quick adaptation to the new situation. Additionally, data indicate that their difficulties reconcile their previous experience and teaching practices with online teaching. Finally, they show that about half of them are still sceptical about the future of online education and dream of return to traditional teaching. Our results also indicate that universities should facilitate their efforts in developing online education methodology and overall support to their educators.
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Information and communication technologies are increasingly interacting with modern societies. One specific manifestation of this interaction concerns hateful and other negative comments in online environments. Various terms appear to denote this communication, from flaming, indecency and intolerance to hate speech. However, there is still a lack of an umbrella term that broadly captures this communication. Therefore, this paper introduces the concept of socially unacceptable discourse, which serves as the basis for an empirical study that evaluated online comments scraped from the Facebook pages of the three most-visited Slovenian news outlets. Machine-learning algorithms were used to narrow the focus to topics related to refugees and LGBT rights. Ten thousand comments were manually coded to identify and structure socially undesirable discourse. The results show that about half of all comments belonged to this type of discourse, with a surprisingly stable level and structure across media (i.e., right-wing versus mainstream) and topics. Most of these comments could also be considered a potential violation of hate speech legislation. In the context of these findings, the political and ideological consequences and implications of mediatised emotions are discussed.
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Increasing demand for personalized tours for tourists travel in an urban area motivates more attention to points of interest (POI) and tour recommendation services. Recently, the granularity of POI has been discussed to provide more detailed information for tour planning, which supports both inside and outside routes that would improve tourists' travel experience. Such tour recommendation systems require a predefined POI database with different granularities, but existing POI discovery methods do not consider the granularity of POI well and treat all POIs as the same scale. On the other hand, the parameters also need to be tuned for different cities, which is not a trivial process. To this end, we propose a city adaptive clustering framework for discovering POIs with different granularities in this article. Our proposed method takes advantage of two clustering algorithms and is adaptive to different cities due to automatic identification of suitable parameters for different datasets. Experiments on two real-world social image datasets reveal the effectiveness of our proposed framework. Finally, the discovered POIs with two levels of granularity are successfully applied on inner and outside tour planning.
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The article deals with the history of the formation, current state and prospects for the development of social informatics as a current direction in science and education in Russia. The article offers mainly a personal view of the author, who has been involved in shaping social informatics in Russia for the last three decades. The article presents the distinctive features of the Russian scientific school of social informatics and its priorities in the formation of this field. The main directions of research in the field of social informatics in Russia in the context of the formation of the global information society are determined. Emphasis is placed on the interdisciplinary nature of many issues related to social informatics and their systematic study. Finally, the article summarizes the current necessity for the deep study of issues related to social informatics, e.g., information inequality, information crime, cyberbullies, manipulation of consciousness, virtualization of society, information wars, information poverty, information culture, and using computers to analyse social phenomena such as communication via social media. It is important not only in the area of scientific research but also in the system of secondary and higher education and training of scholars.
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The article presents a focused analysis of the Russian-language scientific literature of the first decades of the twenty-first century on the problems of the development of social informatics in Russia. The authors have shown that the multidimensionality of social informatics causes an increasing interdisciplinary research interest in the professional community and is divided into four directions. First, researchers refined the conceptual foundations of social informatics. The second direction is devoted to the study of information resources in their dynamics. The third direction considers and analyses digital traces and their use under the conditions of digital transformation. The fourth direction is devoted to the problems of children and young people in the information environment. The authors achieve intermediate results. Firstly, the clarification of the conceptual basis of the study of social informatics is due to the public demand for comprehensive informatization. Secondly, interest in information resources is due to the need for effective organization of data series in information systems. Thirdly, the accounting and analysis of digital traces and their use are due to the public need for collective security. Fourthly, it is necessary to observe the problems of perception and use of digital technologies by children and young people, as well as their socialization in the developing information society. Finally, the authors conclude that the potential of social informatics is increased by an interdisciplinary interest in qualitative changes in Russian society in the context of digital transformation.
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This paper introduces the praxeologically grounded research programme on socio-informatics developed at the University of Siegen and the International Institute for Socio-Informatics in Germany. We outline our methodological framework of grounded design, guiding and binding together a variety of different engagements in practice which we call design case studies (DCS). While grounded design is applied to a broad variety of different areas, in this paper we deal specifically with our engagements in support of communities and political activists. To exemplify our approach, we present one DCS: It focuses on the participatory development of a computer club in the High Atlas as a facilitation infrastructure to support public community participation in the process of modernization and social transformation in the Maghreb. Insights into the project context, the objectives and methodology and the depiction of some of its first findings lays the ground for the discussion of socio-informatics research principles.
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The World Wide Web (the Web) has become part of people’s daily lives. Although the Web, like the Internet itself, was designed as a decentralized network, hand in hand with the increase in its interactivity Web users gradually concentrated on a limited number of platforms. As a result, providers of these large international platforms have become centres of power that can easily influence users’ behaviour and what information they can access. This paper is based on an integrative literature review and its aim is to describe the development of the Web from its beginnings to the present. This development is viewed from the perspective of centralization of the Web and the reactions that this centralization has provoked, especially the current trends towards the so-called re-decentralized Web. More specifically, the paper focuses on the privacy imperative that might act as a driving force for the re-decentralized Web, and on the technological innovations enabling development of truly decentralized platforms and applications. This paper contributes to the discussion of implications that a wider adoption of the re-decentralized Web could bring in the near future.
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A Book Review on Sozioinformatik – Von Menschen & Computern … und Bibern [Social Informatics – About People & Computers … and Beavers]. Christa Weßel (Rastede: Weidenborn Verlag), 2021, 197 pages, ISBN: 978-3947287079.
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The increasing of internet users affecting the choice of browsers and for now, desktop users still dominate the usage. The research’s goal is to analyze the well-known browser such as Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome, Internet Explorer, Opera, and Safari from the Indonesian customer point of view. The variables used in the analysis are the speed to display HTML, the speed of executing ECMA Script, the browser security, the need of hardware resource, and the general feature of each browser. We distribute questionnaire to 400 users of the five browsers in Indonesia. The multivariate statistics of multidimensional scaling used to process the data. The research found that Mozilla Firefox is the best browser on speed criteria when displaying the HTML and general feature, as the Google Chrome win the heart of Indonesian users on the speed criteria when executing ECMA Script. As usual, the Apple Safari excels on the security and the hardware resources consumption (KHR1). The Internet Explorer considered the best on the hardware resources consumption criteria.
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This article covers the broad area of e-sports and touches on the research problem of passive participation in e-sports broadcasts and the ways in which viewers consume e-sports broadcasts. Two goals of the article are distinguished: 1) the exploration of the behavior and motivation of viewers of e-sports games, and 2) the evaluation of the video game live streaming platform Twitch among e-sports viewers. The article verifies hypotheses concerning the evaluation of the quality of the Twitch platform among e-sports viewers, as well as hypotheses concerning their behavior and motivation (time spent watching e-sports, ways of realizing this activity, and factors motivating this form of spending time). E-sport is a rapidly growing sports-viewing phenomenon with an ever-increasing market significance. In addition, it is relatively poorly studied in the scientific literature, which implies the relevance of conducting research in its field. Quantitative methods were used to explore the selected research area and verify the hypotheses. Data were collected among respondents using the CAWI technique. A proprietary method based on a modification of the E-Servqual method was used to measure the quality of the Twitch service. The data obtained provide additional insight into analyzing e-sports from the perspective of a sports-themed spectator phenomenon and help to understand the perception of e-sports viewers toward video game live streaming platforms. The results of the study indicate that e-sports viewers are active players of the games they watch play. Their passive participation in e-sports is further motivated by their desire to be entertained and their interest in a particular game. The results obtained confirm the dominant position of the Twitch platform. However, the data indicate that its users are not fully satisfied with the quality it offers to viewers of e-sports games.
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This paper aims to present the process of constructing a virtual reality experience that delivers a lively image of the heritage of the Middle Ages in the region of Ruse. The paper examines the activities performed by the Rousse Regional Museum of History in 2021–2022 that resulted in the creation of virtual reality products which present the medieval town of Cherven and the rock-hewn churches of Ivanovo (World Heritage Site), located in the Rusenski Lom River valley. The process of creation of these products raises the question of valorisation of the heritage of the Middle Ages in the area, as well as the secondary research phases, related to scientific statements, constructed during more than a century of archaeological research
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