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NASILJE U PORODICI

Author(s): Mubera Hodžić-Lemeš / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 65/2016

Domestic violence is a very complex phenomenon for it pertains to inside-family relations and is most often kept in secrecy. Once it leaves the family framework it offsets a chein of consequences affecting all the family members. In this article the author presents, using the relevant references, fundamental concepts and terminology related to the phenomenon of domestic violence, dynamics of violent relations and protection of the victims of domestic violence in B&H. The article also presents the principles of functioning of the safe house for the victims of violence and an actual case from the practice of the safe house. Experience shows that solving the problem of violence in one family requires a systematic, multidisciplinary approach. Besides having well developed system of protection from domestic violence in B&H, it is very important work on prevention of violence. The author concludes that in context of protection of the victims of violence, struggle against domestic violence and with the aim of its prevention religious communities

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What Big Teeth She Has

Author(s): Ella McLennan / Language(s): English Issue: 28/2017

Myra Hindley is one of the most notorious female murderers in the world. This poem explores the ways in which Hindley has been, and continues to be mythologised by society. It examines the mythical women that have been compared to her, and attempts to demonstrate how dangerous it is to compare real people to fictional characters. The poem discusses how the press depicts murderers and the affect this has on the world. Using examples such as Dracula, the poem also reflects on how facts lose truth over time, and how many stories about real people have become mythologised whether this was intentional or not.

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Вооруженное насилие в палеолите

Author(s): Leonid B. Vishnyatsky / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2014

The paper deals with the question of the existence and intensity of armed violence at different stages of the Palaeolithic. The first two sections provide a review and analysis of the osteological and representational evidence relevant to the question. The third section considers the problem of changes in the frequency of violence and how, or whether, it can be assessed. With this purpose in mind, the author compiles data on the age and character of all the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic human and animal bones with embedded projectiles, which are available in the literature (tabl. 1 and 2). It turns out that while for the time prior to ~ 15 ka only animal bones with imbedded projectiles are known in the Old World (10 bones of 10 animals from 9 sites in Western and Eastern Europe, Western Asia and Siberia), the subsequent period shows a sharp increase in the number of human bones of the kind, which became nearly as numerous (29 bones of 27 persons from 17 sites) as the animal ones. Given that the quantity of excavated faunal remains is several orders of magnitude greater than the quantity of paleoanthropological finds, the parity in the numbers of projectile-pierced remains may signify some important changes in the dynamics of violence (and social life in general) at the end of the Palaeolithic.

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PREGLED

Author(s): Jasmin Medić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 72/2017

Review of: Jasmin Medić - Admira Fazlić, Čovjek i fotografija: Fikret Alić – čovjek iza žice logora Trnopolje, Dobra knjiga, Sarajevo, 2017., 197 str.

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BITI POBJEDNIK NE ZNAČI BITI I PRAVEDNIK!

Author(s): Enes Durmišević / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 73/2018

The article, “To be a Winner Does Not Essentially Mean to be Righteous”, reflects upon pluri-perspective discussions or, more precisely, “media spins” related to Mustafa Busuladžić and his tragic fate. The issue of Mustafa Busuladžić is not in a focal point here, however, the author is using this case to present various historical events and personae and to place these within a broader historical perspective justifying the unwritten rule that says: “the winners write the history”. In such a historical vision determined by myopia and ideological bipolarity the reality is divided into “good” and “bad”. There is “good” in us and all that we do and what we represent, whereas “evil” is the other with all that it represents. The author here illustrates some real examples as a proof that things should never be viewed in a “black and white” perspective showing how such a perspective hinders the truth, as was the case of Mustafa Busuladžić.

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EGEMEN ERKEKLİKLERİN TOPLUMSAL CİNSİYET TEMELLİ KADINA YÖNELİK EV İÇİ ŞİDDET ÜZERİNDEN İNŞASI

Author(s): Ayşe Aydın / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 19/2017

This study argues that there is a relationship between gender-based domestic violence against women and dominant masculinities. The aim of this study is to understand how and in which circumstances men establish their dominant masculinity through gender-based domestic violence against women. The concept of gender means in this study is traditional patriarchal patterns which produce domestic violence against women. The data was collected through a qualitative field research, in-depth semi-structured interviews with women victims of domestic violence staying in a women’s shelter. The social dynamics which provide basis for establishing dominant masculinities through gender-based domestic violence against women and how these social dynamics produce domestic violence against women were analyzed in this study within the limits of data obtained from the field research. The majority of interviewees stated that their husbands treat them worse than ever especially in front of their families/relatives. The findings reached from the research create an impression that the husbands try to establish their dominant masculinity which they could not establish it through having a prestigious job or a good salary, by treating their wives worse than they ever in front of their families/relatives probably with an expectation of respect and/or acceptance by them.

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Istorijski korijeni genocida nad Bošnjacima

Author(s): Avdo Sućeska / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 79/2018

Historical roots of the genocide against the Bosniaks can be found in the attitudes of Austria, Venice and Russia to the Muslims, particularly the Bosniaks, during the wars with the Ottoman State. Unlike the Ottoman Muslim State, in which the Koranic principle „La ikrahe fi ddini“ (There is no forcing in faith) was respected, the Christian states applied the medieval principle „Cuius regio, illius religio“ (Religion is of those who are in power). Abiding by that principle, the Christian states destroyed Muslims if they refused to accept Christianity. This was particularly revealed during the so-called Great War (1683–1699) when many a Muslim, Bosniak first of all, was killed; many were captured, women and children particulaly, and forcibly christened. That practice existed all the time until the war between Austria and the Ottoman Empire (1788–1790), when the enlightened Emperor Joseph II of Austria promised the Bosniaks, if they were peaceful, their personal security and the security of their property. Thus, for the first time, the equality of Islam with other religions was promised and even salaries for the religious officials from the national treasury. But, this did not stop the genocide against the Bosniaks as the role was taken over by the Bosniaks’ neighbours – Serbs and Montenegrins, who have been until the present day committing genocide against the Bosniaks in the cruelest manner, unseen in the history of mankind.

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Против критике: друштво и рационалност

Author(s): Predrag Krstić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 166/2018

The starting points of this article are the “victims” of the violence of social critique and their perceptions of wounds it inflicted. It is found that one could recognize and articulate three theoretical groups of enemy of social critique who, in the name of protecting the values they believe the critique challenges, get up against it: traditionalists, “uncritically” or “post-critically”, grooved in this or that unquestionable world; “Politophiles”, advocating autonomy of the art of politics in front of the superior court of reason; researchers of the “irrational” who, searching for the truth or accompishment, test the boundaries of rationality. It is concluded, however, that the three strategies of refuting social criticism have no equal theoretical range: only the last formation remains loyal to the gesture of critique even when it turns against the reason as a ground of its own validity and, in this way, rehabilitate both reason and critique. Unlike the other two types of denial of critique that reject it from the standpoint of social undesirability, early German romanticists and heirs of their “aesthetic” orientation do not abandon rationality, but reconfigurate it. They criticize the rationality with rational means in a clear awareness of its limits: theoretically and socially critical reason consequently turns itself against its own foundations.

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Postępowanie w przedmiocie wydania europejskiego nakazu ochrony w polskim procesie karnym

Author(s): Kamila Kraszewska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2018

The European protection order (EPO) is a universal cross-border document, that protects the victim form secondary victimization – outside the territory of the country, where the original protection measures are adapted. Its incorporation to the Polish legal system took place through the implementation of Directive 2011/99/UE of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 December 2011 on the European protection order. These article analyses the issuance proceeding of the European order in Polish criminal procedure, with reference to the regulation of Directive 2011/99/UE. The reflections lead to the conclusion that it is necessary to improve not only the regulations of the Polish Code of Criminal Procedure, but also the coordination activities of all European Union Member States.

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The Protection of Sexual Freedom and the Incrimination of the Sexual Assault in Romania

Author(s): Mariana Pădureanu / Language(s): English Issue: 57/2018

In the multitude of problems that Romania faces at the beginning of 21st century, the emergence of offences that refer to the sexual life represents a reality that has reached a controversial point, sometimes manifesting through constraints and threats on addressing the victim, extremely violent actions that can lead to the death or even the suicide of the victims. The period that followed after the Romanian Revolution from December 1989 was marked by substantial changes that took place in our perception on sexuality and sexual freedom, and the causes and the negative implications of the facts that infringe this freedom are combated with the penal legislation. The successive legal modifications show progress on the incrimination of different modalities in committing the offences that infringe the sexual freedom (especially rape, sexual aggressions, sexual harassment) and the inclusion of the acts of homosexuality and lesbianism in the material elements of these offences, and also a lack of clarity and coherence of the Romanian legislator in defining the sexual acts, or “other modalities to obtain sexual satisfaction”. This study underlines, on one side, the ambiguity and discordance between the legal norms that sanction the acts of sexual assault, sexual aggression, sexual intercourse with a minor person, sexual harassment, and, on the other side, the different aspects that these offences can display into practice. Another aspect preponderantly discussed has been the criteria for differentiating between rape and other sexual offences, especially when the victims are minors, owing to the increasing amount of texts from the Penal Code that refer to such facts committed against minors.

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RADICAL FEMINISM ON RAPE

Author(s): Igor Primorac / Language(s): English Issue: 42/1999

Rape is one of the major issues where the contribution of feminist philosophical, social, and legal thought has been particularly prominent. In this paper, the author takes a critical look at the main tenets of the radical feminist view of rape: that rape is not a deviation, but rather a deeply entrenched social practice that both expresses and reinforces far-reaching inequality and oppresion of women in our society; that under these conditions a woman is not in a position to give valid consent to sex with a man and that, accordingly, the crime of rape should no longer be defined in terms of lack of consent; that we need a new definition of rape, which will help us recognize that rape is much more widespread than we tend to assume; that all men in our society are collectively responsible for the practice of rape. In order to assess these arguments, the author focuses on the contrast between the liberal and radical feminist views of consent to sex. He tries to show that the radical feminist view of rape is both much too crude and much too radical.

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VOJNE ŽRTVE VELIKOG RATA I PORAĆA POKOPANE NA VARAŽDINSKOM GROBLJU (1914.-1919.)

Author(s): Vladimir Huzjan / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 29/2018

In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird zum ersten Mal die Liste der verstorbenen Soldaten – der Opfer des Großen Krieges, die auf dem Varaždiner Friedhof begraben und im Gebiet des heutigen Kroatien, Österreich, Slowenien, Bosnien und Herzegowina und Serbien geboren sind, veröffentlicht. Gerade das hundertjährige Jubiläum vom Ende des Ersten Weltkrieges diente als Anlass, um den Opfern dieses Krieges die Ehre zu erweisen, währenddessen der Beitrag zur Historiographie in der Abschrift und Bearbeitung der persönlichen Angaben der Opfer liegt. Laut diesen Angaben sind die meisten Soldaten in den letzten Kriegsjahren gestorben/begraben worden, wobei sie am häufigsten an Tuberkulose und Lungenentzündung starben. Außer ein paar Ausnahmen sind fast alle in Varaždin im Ersatzkrankenhaus in Optujska Straße gestorben. Nach dem Alter ist die Großzahl der Soldaten im Jahrzehnt zwischen 20 und 29 Jahren gestorben, aber die jüngsten Opfer waren zwei gefangene 17-jährige Soldaten aus Serbien. Von der Gesamtzahl der verstorbenen Soldaten sind 83 Prozent im Gebiet der heutigen Republik Kroatien geboren.

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ВИКТИМИЗОВАНЕ И СТИГМАТИЗОВАНЕ ЖЕНЕ У АЛКОХОЛИЧАРСКОМ ПАРТНЕРСТВУ

Author(s): Slađana M. Dragišić Labaš / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2016

In this paper we strived to examine and therefore gain a deeper insight into the stigmatization and victimization of women living with an alcoholic partner by taking into account various perspectives. The association between alcohol consumption and violence against women has long been recognized, but wider social and legal support and protection followed rather late. Especially in developing countries, this serious problem has become one of the biggest health issues that is nonetheless still insufficiently investigated. High rates of aggressive and violent behavior of men towards women in partnerships have deep cultural and social roots, and this is additionally enhanced by the use of alcohol. The use of alcohol enhances violence against women and is therefore often justified which is obviously unacceptable. Women are victimized regardless of the position in these type of partnerships, namely irrespective of whether they themselves or addicts or are partners of addicted partners or husbands, because they often suffer psychological, physical and sexual violence.

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ДРУШТВЕНИ ОДГОВОРИ НА НАСИЉЕ НАД ОСОБАМА СА ИНВАЛИДИТЕТОМ

Author(s): Filip Mirić,Danica Vasiljević-Prodanović / Language(s): Bosnian,Serbian Issue: 3/2018

In every society, some of its members are at increased risk of becoming victims of some of the crimes with elements of violence. A particularly vulnerable group is certainly people with disabilities. Social isolation, lack of information that would contribute to the prevention of violence, the inability of disabled persons to act actively against abusers, according to the authors, are only some of the factors favoring the victimization of this category of population. Starting from the conceptual definition of violence against persons with disabilities, its manifestations, and the emerging factors of victimization, the authors seek for an adequate social response to violence against persons with disabilities, sincerely believing that prevention, with repression where it is really necessary, is the key to its suppression.

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VRŠNJAČKO NASIlJE U PERIODU RANE ADOLESCENCIJE

Author(s): Nikola Mijanović / Language(s): Bosnian,Serbian Issue: 3/2018

The phenomenon of peer violence coincides with the emergence of man, society and the civilization. Since then until today, this phenomenon has kept continuity and actuality, although at certain epochs of the development of society it has been manifesting itself with different intensities, forms, types and consequences. Regardless of this indisputable fact, peer violence has become a focus of more general, social, and educational interests in the last three to four decades. Firstly, it was thoroughly studied by the Scandinavian countries, and later, by the other most developed countries of the world.Considering the actuality and intensity of peer violence, in this paper, based on a critical analysis of domestic and foreign sources, the essential understanding of peer violence has been defined and elaborated. Based on relevant theoretical and empirical knowledge, we could argue that peer violence in early adolescence is recognizable by the persistent attempts to separate an individual from the parents, searching for one's own identity, and a cramped struggle for self-isolation of an individual. Among other things, it has been shown that the children of that age are unconditionally prepared to sacrifice in order to establish closer relationships with their peers outside the family. Often, their peers become the most reliable supporters for achieving their actual, but at the same time very turbulent and vague, life goals and dreams. This is actually the period of transition of pupils from lower to higher classes of elementary education, characterized by numerous, turbulent and serious anatomical, physiological, psychological, social and other changes of essential importance for the development and formation of the personality of each individual. In this context, basic types and forms of peer violence have been studied in order to identify them better and to comprehensively examine the possible consequences for the individuals or groups of adolescents.

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PREVENCIJA VRŠNJAČKOG NASILJA U MLAĐIM RAZREDIMA OSNOVNE ŠKOLE

Author(s): Marija Barjaktarović,Mila Barjaktarović Jelić / Language(s): Bosnian,Serbian Issue: 3/2018

The evolution of the society has always been followed by many different types of violent behavior. In different stages of the evolution the society fights against the violence and tries to overcome it. According to WHO, the violence is defined like international use od physical power and force, threatening or the real one, against oneself , the other person or against the group or society, which results in or has a great probability for the injuries, death, psychological harming, bad development or poverty. It can be directed towards oneself, it could be between people or collective. One of its form is peer violence. Lately, it has been noted that the peer violence occurs more often than before. Newer researches on this topic and activities taken show that obtaining some new knowledge and skills in the earlier school age can have impact on the change of behavior and it can decrease the peer violence. The work is dedicated to studying of peer violence. Special attention has been paid to its defining and making the difference between violence and aggression. The experience and notions on violence and aggressive behavior of the teachers from several primary schools in Podgorica have been presented . we considered that the teachers working with the youngest primary school age can answer the questions like: Is there any violence in the youngest primary school classes or the aggressive behavior only can be recognized in that age, is it possible to prevent violent behavior in older classes if some actions are taken in the younger classes, can the school management, pedagogy and psychologies recognize the violence in the younger classes and do they work on its prevention. Some recommendations for the prevention are given in the conclusion.

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A nők elleni erőszak témája a színpadon Dugonics András Bátori Mária című szomorújátékában

Author(s): Katalin Szabó P. / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 11/2019

One of the best works of András Dugonics is considered to be Bátori Mária (1794). Although the drama is based on Soden’s Ignes de Castro that takes place in Munich in 1784, Dugonics’s play is set in the Hungarian Middle Ages. In Kálmán Könyves’s medieval court, the dramatic conflict arises when duke István frees himself of his first marriage that was arranged for political reasons, and he does not want to mourn his deceased wife, but instead he wants to raise his affair with Mária Bátori to the level of approved marriage by the Church. The specific motifs of the Hungarian literature of the 18th century can be found in the text of the sad play, but, opposed to Kálmán and István, Dugonics did not put on the stage only an element of the era like the rejection of the parental will, but also the conflict for the throne between father and his son. In my study, I reveal how the motive of violence against women appears in András Dugonics’s drama, and I intend to add contributions to the dramatic tradition of József Katona’s national tragic drama of Bánk bán.

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The Trials and Tribulations of Zimbabwean Precarious Women Workers in Johannesburg: A Cry for Help?

Author(s): Mondli Hlatshwayo / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

There is a growing literature on the conditions of Zimbabwean women working as migrant workers in South Africa, specifically in cities like Johannesburg. Based on in-depth interviews and documentary analysis, this empirical research paper contributes to scholarship examining the conditions of migrant women workers from Zimbabwe employed as precarious workers in Johannesburg by zooming in on specific causes of migration to Johannesburg, the journey undertaken by the migrant women to Johannesburg, challenges of documentation, use of networks to survive in Johannesburg, employment of the women in precarious work, and challenges in the workplace. Rape and sexual violence are threats that face the women interviewed during migration to Johannesburg and even when in Johannesburg. The police who are supposed to uphold and protect the law are often found to be perpetrators involved in various forms of violence against women. In the workplace, the women earn starvation wages and work under poor working conditions. Human rights organizations and trade unions are unable to reach the many migrant women because of the sheer volume of violations against workers’ rights and human rights.

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Eş Şiddetine Karşı Yöntemler Endeksi’nin (EŞYE) Türkçe geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması

Author(s): Nermin Taşkale,Özlem Sertel Berk / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2019

There are a variety of explanations regarding coping with violence against women which has negative effects on victims as well as perpetrators and related environment. These explanations have evolved from descriptions of women as passive victims in response to violence to descriptions of women as active individuals attempting to survive. The Intimate Partner Violence Strategies Index (IPVSI) is an index that follows these contemporary descriptions. The Turkish Adaptation of the IPVSI was carried out in this study. The IPVSI, The Revised Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS), the Ways of Coping Inventory (WOC) and the Two Dimensional Social Desirability Scale (SDS) were used in the study that analyzed data from 96 participants. Findings revealed that ordering of IPVSI dimensions as for frequency of use was placating, resistance, informal networks, legal, formal networks, and safety planning whereas as for helpfulness ratings were formal networks, legal, informal networks, safety planning, placating, and resistance. The IPVSI dimensions were related to the CTS subscales but not to any subscales of the WOC and most of the subscales of the SDS. Findings regarding the frequency of use and the CTS dimensions were parallel with the literature. It was observed that the Turkish women find public realm strategies more helpful compared to private realm strategies. Inquiry of the relationship of the IPVSI dimensions with other coping scales in future studies will present valuable information. We hope the index adds support to academic and field studies and interventions.

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Pagaidu aizsardzība pret vardarbību

Author(s): Valdis Freimamis / Language(s): Latvian Issue: 3+4/2019

Violence is a general violation of human rights - the right to life, security, dignity and physical and mental integrity. Violence manifests itself in various forms, and many people suffer from it not only in public places, but also in their families. In 1996, the 49th World Health Assembly adopted a resolution recognizing that violence is an important and growing public health problem worldwide. In the context of violence, including domestic violence, one of the most important legislative acts is the Istanbul Convention, the first European law to create a comprehensive legal framework to protect individuals, especially women and girls, from all forms of violence, including domestic violence.

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