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ROZKOSZ ZEMSTY

Author(s): Lech M. Nijakowski / Language(s): Polish

Książka poświęcona jest ludobójstwom, czystkom etnicznym i masakrom. Autor stara się wyjaśnić, w jaki sposób dochodzi do tych krwawych aktów zbiorowej przemocy – jak mobilizowani są ludzie i zasoby. W pracy opisano i porównano 12 różnych przypadków ludobójstw totalnych i częściowych – od ludobójstwa Indian w drugiej połowie XIX-wieku w Stanach Zjednoczonych po rzeź Tutsi i Twa w Rwandzie w 1994 roku. Jest to pierwsza praca polskiego autora przedstawiająca tak rozległą socjologiczną komparatystykę ludobójstw. Wypracowany w niej model wyjaśniania został odniesiony do przypadku zemsty na Niemcach po II wojnie światowej. Autor pokazuje dlaczego – mimo różnych zbrodni i okrucieństw – nie doszło do ludobójstwa Niemców. Wykorzystuje w tym celu m.in. 60 wywiadów pogłębionych i narracyjnych ze świadkami epoki. Silną stroną książki jest transdycyplinarność i odwołanie się w niej do szerokiej perspektywy dziejowej, właściwej socjologii historycznej.Jako historyka zainteresował mnie odnotowany przez Autora wpływ ludobójstwa na dalszą historię społeczności – co jest fragmentem szerszego tematu oddziaływania przeszłości na przyszłość. Idzie nie tylko o zjawiska demograficzne. Idzie także o punkt odniesienia społeczności, o traktowanie przeszłości jako czynnika jednoczącego grupę. Te zagadnienia Autor przedstawia wysoce interesująco. (...) Zdecydowanie popieram ideę publikacji omawianej pracy. Uważam, że może mieć ona duże znaczenie dla dalszego kierunku rozwoju polskiej humanistyki.

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Assisting and Reintegrating Child Victims of Trafficking: Improving Policy and Practice in the EU Member States

Author(s): Alexandra Malangone,Tímea Stránská,Kamelia Dimitrova,Mila Mancheva,Helmut Sax / Language(s): English

This Handbook presents the main results of an in-depth evaluation study of the legal, policy and practical frameworks for assistance to and reintegration of child victims of trafficking in six EU Member States – Austria, Bulgaria, Hungary, Italy, Slovakia, and Sweden. The three reports included in this Handbook are based on three standardised methodologies for examination of legal and policy frameworks, for evaluation of programmes for assistance and re/integration of child victims of trafficking and for indentification of good practices in this area. The reports analyse the relevance of legal frameworks for the needs of trafficked children and the effectiveness of services for such children in different areas of assistance, such as: identification of trafficked children, appointment of a guardian, individual case assessment, regularisation of status, interim care and protection, durable solutions and longterm re/integration. The reports offer a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of assistance and reintegration programs and discuss identified challenges that need to be addressed in countries of both destination and origin in order to assure better protection and assistance to trafficked children across the EU.

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CSD-Report 27 - Assisting and reintegrating child victims of trafficking in Bulgaria: legal, institutional and policy framework

Author(s): Miriana Ilcheva / Language(s): English

The report explores the legal, institutional and policy framework of countering child trafficking in Bulgaria and assisting and reintegrating its victims. It looks at Bulgarian criminal law and criminal procedure, as well as other legal norms, relevant to the subject, and the extent to which they comply with international standards. The study presents the different stages of referral victims go through, the various institutions and organisations, involved in the process, and the policies and initiatives they pursue in improving child victims’ situation. A number of recommendations are put forward in terms of possible legislative amendments, strengthening policy framework and furthering capacity building of institutions, entrusted with combating child trafficking.

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O PROCESUIRANJU RATNOG SEKSUALNOG NASILJA

Author(s): Emina Kuštrić / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Silovanje u ratu, staro je koliko i sam rat. Vojnici su oduvijek koristili tijela žena kao jedan od načina borbe, jer silovanje žena u ratu predstavlja jedan od patrijarhalnih načina na koji muškarci kontrolišu žene. Silovanje je često vršeno sistematski, a najčešće je ohrabrivano sa vrha vlasti, te kao takvo postaje ratna taktika ili strategija. Žene su silovane prije svega što su žene i što u odnosu na muškarce imaju manje moći, a sa druge strane silovane su zbog toga što pripadaju muškarcima određene nacije. (Fond za humanitarno pravo). Ratno seksualno nasilje, uključuje nasilje nad oba spola, ali je ipak drastično više provođeno nad ženama u toku oružanog sukoba. Pri tome, ne umanjujući pretrpljenu bol svake žrtve, kao i poniženje koje uzrokuje ovakav zločin, ovaj tekst će se bazirati na položaj žene kao žrtve ratnog seskualnog nasilja, s obzirom na poseban status žene u društvu, njenoj ulozi kao majke, te civila koji ostaje na milost i nemilost u nezaštićenim ili slabo zaštićenim područjima.

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SILOVANJE

Author(s): Jasmina Čaušević,Aida Spahić / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Pojmu silovanja moguće je pristupiti iz brojnih perspektiva jer je to praksa koja je kontinuirano (sve)prisutna od početka pisanja historije svijeta, a istovremeno se o njoj najviše šuti i u najvećoj mjeri se tabuizira. Kad kažemo silovanje, odmah pomislimo na neravnopravan odnos moći između moćnog muškarca i nemoćne žene. Silovanje se dešava i muškarcima, dešava se u drugačijim odnosima moći, uzimalo je različite oblike i bilo društveno tretirano na različite načine. Jedna stvar je definitivno konstantna – silovanje kao pojava postoji u svim društvima, u doba mira i rata, u svim sferama javnog i privatnog. Ali je progovaranje o silovanju uglavnom privatno (ako postoji uopšte). Tekst koji slijedi pokušava da objasni pojam silovanja služeći se činjenicama iz različitih disciplina – antropologije, historije, sociologije, prava i feminističke teorije, s tim da je u fokusu priznavanje seksualnog nasilja nad ženama kao ratnog zločina.

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PART IV: The Nineties - The War and Post-War Period in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Author(s): Arijana Aganović,Zlatan Delić / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The period covering the end of the eighties and early nineties of the 20th century was marked by socio-economic and political turmoil, and the transition from a socialist society to a democracy that is characterised by war and the division of the former Yugoslavia into nation-states. The dissolution of Yugoslavia affected all segments of society and imposed the question of ethnic division, which had a major impact on almost all spheres of society, including the issue of gender equality, women’s representation in decision-making positions and other spheres of public life. The first democratic, multi-party elections were held in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1990 and they brought to power the three major national political parties representing the three dominant ethnic groups in Bosnia and Herzegovina (Bosniaks, Croats and Serbs) and which were to organise the political life of the country. After the proclamation of independence of Slovenia and Croatia at the end of February 1992, a referendum on the independence of Bosnia and Herzegovina was organised. On March 1, 1992 Bosnia and Herzegovina declared independence, and immediately thereafter witnessed growing tensions, which escalated into war, which officially began in April 1992. Between April 1992 and December 1995, and until the signing of the Dayton Peace Agreement, there massive human rights violations took place in the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (RBiH), including war crime, crime against humanity, murder, rape and expulsion. The homes of many became the frontlines and the population in many parts of Bosnia and Herzegovina was forced to leave.

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Тенденции на престъпността в България 2000 - 2005

Author(s): Tihomir Bezlov,Philip Gounev,Hristo Hristov / Language(s): Bulgarian

The report for a second consecutive year presents information about Bulgaria’s crime rate from an alternative source - victimization surveys - and attempts to make a systematic comparison of the crime level according to victim-reported crime and police crime data. The crime situation in Bulgaria is also compared to crime in a number of European countries. The findings of three national crime victims surveys, referred to throughout this report as National Crime Surveys (NCS), offer an opportunity to assess street crime in Bulgaria in the period 2000–2005. // The first NCS 2002 and NCS 2004 examined only 11 categories of offenses against households and persons, while NCS 2005 also incorporates 11 categories of offenses against companies. The 11 categories of offenses included in the NCS correspond to about 80% of all police-registered crimes in Bulgaria. The report does not cover corruption, drug-related or organized crime offenses, as they are the subject of other CSD analyses. // Toward the end of the 1990s and, particularly after the year 2000, as the prospect of EU membership became more likely, greater political stability and economic prosperity in Bulgaria led to a gradual decrease in crime. This trend, which was most perceptible in the period 2000–2005, was the result of several factors. Declining unemployment, rising incomes and economic growth provided alternatives to many individuals with criminal incomes. Demographic processes and emigration also contributed to the reduction in crime. Further strengthening of the judiciary and the law-enforcement systems, in an attempt to meet EU-set requirements, revived the criminal justice system, which in 2004 issued six times more sentences than it did in 1993. // A comparison of the NCS 2005 with the European Union International Crime Survey (EUICS) shows that Bulgaria’s level of street crime has remained lower than the average level of EU countries. Whereas in 2004 the average EU prevalence rate for the eleven crime categories among citizens above 15 was 15.6%, the prevalence rate in Bulgaria was 12.9%. The dynamics of some types of crimes, however, calls for special attention.

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Mutatkozás

Author(s): Éva Kovács,Júlia Vajda / Language(s): Hungarian

The individual and collective identity of the Jews is a well-established subject of research in sociology, social psychology and social history. This book differs from other studies in exploring Jewish identity through the coexistence of Jews with non-Jews in Hungary. It presents the “Jewishness” of such individuals and families who live in mixed marriages, in which the Jewish origin of one party (be it public or secret) becomes a source of peculiar identities. Through coexistence, Jewishness acquires new meanings ranging from a more intense identity, through abandoning or changing Jewish identity, to self-hatred and latent anti-Semitism. The book examines the changing use of various Jewish symbols, rituals and objects (e.g., Star of David, circumcision, Menorah). It is the first study in Hungary, which deals with the “Jewish identity” of non-Jews, philo-Semitism and pseudo-Jewish identity in mixed marriages. Also, it strives to bring the traumas of the Shoah in public debate by analysing it from the perspective of coexistence. Thereby, the book presents the guilty conscience of the children and grandchildren of the perpetrators, which has not been analysed in Hungary yet. Finally, the rediscovery of Jewish identity, a process that also includes some distancing from that identity is examined in a biographical context – a novelty in Jewish Studies in Hungary as well.

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Miért bántalmaz? Miért bántalmazhat?

Author(s): Péter Szil / Language(s): Hungarian

Fewer and fewer people continue to deny that violence against women and children is a serious social problem. It is also obvious that the reaction of Hungarian society falls behind the seriousness of this problem. This is apparent not only in the field of legislation and legal practice, which should protect victims and call perpetrators to account, but also in the ignorance of authorities, public opinion and so called professionals, and in prejudiced information. There is little professional literature in Hungarian that could help this situation. The aim of this publication is to enrich this professional literature. Society can only present a united front against any kind of violence, if the steps needed – though they are congruent in time and space – follow a certain priority in accordance with the nature of the problem: Effective care and protection for victims. Determined action against perpetrators. Prevention of violence at all levels of society. Treatment of perpetrators. There are several preconditions to be fulfilled before the above steps can be taken. For example, it is difficult to acknowledge even the fact of violence and its extent unless there is social consent about what is violence, who commits it, and against whom. Except for the above mentioned few publications, we only have answers in Hungary today that protect perpetrators from being called to account, rather than protecting victims who suffer from the violent acts perpetrated against them.

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Hétköznapi hímsovinizmus

Author(s): Péter Szil,Luis Bonino / Language(s): Hungarian

Everyday male chauvinism is the form of intimate partner violence that is not called violence.This book makes visible and classifies those everyday manifestations of power over women that are an unnamed part of everyday relationships for the time being. The exhaustive lists assist men, women and professionals working in the field of domestic violence in recognising and combating the hidden forms of intimate partner violence. The term “male chauvinism” is a faithful representation of how sexism is related to other ideologies based on discrimination. It is “everyday” not only because it happens every day but also because the origin of the values and principles that are realised in it is lost in the past, and that is one reason why it seems natural and immutable.

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Помирително правосъдие в България – ограничения на средата

Author(s): Rumen Petrov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Some of the elements of a sustainable restorative justice politics will be presented – at the intersection of jurisdiction, law, education, social work, local governance, etc. An analysis of these will be suggested with the aim of a realistic planning of the change and of preserving its core values.

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Judicial Benchbook - Considerations for Domestic Violence Case Evaluation in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Author(s): Rada Bjeljac,Jasmina Ćosić,Sanela Kovač-Grabonjić,Amela Mahić-Samardžić,Branimir Maletić,Darko Samardžić,Dragan Uletilović,Biljana Vučetić,Adisa Zahiragić / Language(s): English

The purpose of the DV Benchbook is to improve the judicial response to domestic violence and increase the consistency of judicial practice in cases of domestic violence in BiH. While this resource represents the first of its kind in BiH, there are numerous similar resources throughout North America, Western and Northern Europe and other locations across the globe.1 This fact is a testament to the challenge that domestic violence presents to courts and the broader criminal justice system. Indeed, domestic violence constitutes one of the most complicated and difficult socio-criminal issues confronted by judiciaries and criminal justice communities the world over. As such, a resource that can aid courts in evaluating and understanding cases of domestic violence – including deepening critical understanding of social factors identified as mitigating or aggravating – can improve judicial practice and in¬crease judicial consistency. Moreover, in line with the purpose of punishment as listed in the respective criminal codes, the information provided in the DV Benchbook can support the judiciary’s ability to achieve its stated goals: • expressing community condemnation for this criminal offence • preventing the perpetrator from committing the same criminal offence in the future • preventing others from perpetrating this criminal offence • increasing the awareness of citizens of the danger of this criminal offence and the fairness of punishing perpetrators.2 The DV Benchbook represents the best professional judgement of the members of the DV Judge Panel and those collaborating on the development of the resource. It is important to note that this resource constitutes the first of its kind – as a resource on the subject of domestic violence as well as the methodology used to develop the content. The topic of domestic violence was proposed by judges who recognized that judicial practice in BiH had room for improvement. The content was entirely and completely developed by judges – for judges. And while the methodology included support from DCAF/AI and a consultant, that support was limited to identifying and preparing materials and resources for the DV Judge Panel to review. The DV Judge Panel was responsible for outlining and developing the de¬tails of each recommendation made within the DV Benchbook. The unfortunate reality is that domestic violence impacts our communities and our courts – and that impact is likely to continue to grow. Our best intention is to work together to im¬prove understanding of this problem in order to improve our methods and our mechanisms for addressing it within the judiciary. Thus it is our hope that the DV Benchbook will serve as a cornerstone in improving our understanding and developing innovative solutions to this profound problem.

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Preživjele govore: osvrt na odgovore krivičnopravnog sistema na nasilje u porodici u Bosni i Hercegovini

Author(s): Majda Halilović / Language(s): Bosnian

Već nekoliko decenija, nasilje u porodici se prepoznaje kao društveni problemi ozbiljna, krivična stvar te se više ne shvata kao privatna stvar porodice koja bi se trebala rješavati izvan krivičnopravnog sistema. Posljedično, potaknuta je analiza unutar krivičnopravnih sistema, koji su počeli preispitivati svoju ulogu u slučajevima nasilja u porodici. U Bosni i Hercegovini (BiH), takva analiza se pojavila prije nekih desetak godina, a djelimično je rezultat međunarodnih nastojanja da se zaustavi diskriminacija nad ženama i skrene veća pažnja na značajna pitanja ženskih prava. U tom cilju, izmijenjeni su važeći zakoni i doneseni novi zakoni o nasilju u porodici; uključujući krivične zakone (Federacija BiH, Republika Srpska, Brčko Distrikt), entitetske zakone o zaštiti od nasilja u porodici i državni Zakon o ravnopravnosti spolova.

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Rod i pravosuđe. Odabrani rezultati i preporuke o implikacijama roda u pravosuđu Bosne i Hercegovine

Author(s): Majda Halilović,Heather Huhtanen / Language(s): Bosnian

Kako rod utječe na rad pravosuđa? Nekad se pretpostavlja da je zakon objektivan, neutralan i nepristran, te da prema tome rod ili nema ili ima malo utjecaja na njegovu primjenu. A ipak, u razmatranju pravnog stručnjaka odgovornog za provedbu zakona, neizbježno se nameće pitanje s kojim se profesionalni pravnici i pravni naučnici suočavaju kroz historiju pravne nauke – kako pravosudni stručnjaci na koje utječu društvene norme mogu biti nepristrani u provedbi i primjeni zakona? Ovaj izvještaj upućuje na to da pravni stručnjaci – sudije, tužioci, advokati i stručni saradnici – u svoj rad doista unose ne samo svoje akademsko obrazovanje, profesionalno iskustvo, analitičan pristup pravu i dobre namjere, nego i svoje vrijednosti, uvjerenja i mišljenja. Ipak, demokratske pravosudne institucije su opredijeljene za principe pravičnosti i nepristranosti, nosioci pravosudnih funkcija i profesionalni pravnici su obučeni da objektivno primjenjuju zakon, a pravne institucije prepoznaju značaj kontinuirane reforme, razmatranja i unapređenja, kako bi osigurale da se svi oni koji se bave pravom rukovode navedenim principima. Istraživanja sve više otkrivaju granice do kojih pojedinac može biti nepristran i objektivan bez obzira na profesiju kojom se bavi. Naročito su studije utjecaja podsvjesnih stavova, pretpostavki i stereotipa na donošenje odluka pokazale da takozvana implicitna pristranost utječe na skoro svaki aspekt ponašanja, od našeg odnosa prema ljudima koji su drugačiji od nas do biranja proizvoda koje kupujemo. Implicitna pristranost odnosi se na nesvjesne pretpostavke ili stereotipe o određenim društvenim grupama (rod, rasna pripadnost, etnička pripadnost, vjerska pripadnost itd.), koji se razvijaju od malih nogu i s vremenom se sve više ukorjenjuju – u tolikoj mjeri da čak i kada osoba (svjesno) usvoji izričito nepristran pogled na svijet “njeni stereotipi ostaju u velikoj mjeri nepromijenjeni i postaju implicitni (ili automatski)”.

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Pod hladinou: fakta a mýty o znásilnění

Author(s): Kristýna Ciprová,Klára Cozlová,Jitka Čechová,Sigþrúður Guðmundsdóttir,Barbara Havelková,Tereza Hendlová,Hana Jandová,Lukáš Sedláček / Language(s): Czech

Vážené čtenářky, vážení čtenáři, znásilnění/sexuální násilí je ze své povahy nesmírně destruktivní čin, který však zůstává stále velmi rozšířený: každá čtvrtá žena a přibližně každý desátý muž se ve svém životě setká se sexuálním násilím. Tato alarmující čísla zdůrazňují nutnost věnovat znásilnění pozornost, a to komplexním způsobem. Bohužel problematika znásilnění zůstává z převážné většiny „pod hladinou“ – nezřetelná, nejasná, zahalená mýty a stereotypy. Tato publikace si klade za cíl pod tuto hladinu nahlédnout, rozčeřit stojaté vody a zkoumat problematiku znásilnění z různých úhlů. Texty v této publikaci proto pokrývají široké spektrum témat: právní úpravu znásilnění, zobrazení znásilnění v médiích, znásilnění seniorů a seniorek nebo vzdělávání policistů a policistek v oblasti práce s oběťmi znásilnění. Publikace dále přináší shrnutí výsledků Analýzy stavu pomoci obětem znásilnění v České republice, kterou realizovalo občanské sdružení Persefona v rámci projektu Stop znásilnění: program ochrany práv obětí znásilnění. V závěru publikace nabízíme také pohled na problematiku znásilnění v islandském kontextu. [...]

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KROZ EKONOMSKU STABILNOST DO SLOBODE. ANALIZA AKTUELNIH PROPISA I PRAKSI U FBIH U VEZI S EKONOMSKIM OSNAŽIVANJEM ŽENA KOJE SU PREŽIVJELE PORODIČNO NASILJE I PREPORUKE ZA NJIHOVO POBOLJŠANJE

Author(s): Jasmina Čaušević,Maida Zagorac / Language(s): Bosnian

Ekonomsko osnaživanje žena preživjelih nasilje u porodici nikako nije nova tema u BiH. Postoje neformalne grupe, vladine i nevladine, te međunarodne organizacije koje su imale, i još uvijek imaju, razvijene akcije i programe koji se direktno tiču ekonomske pomoći ovoj grupi žena. Ipak, kako bi se dugoročno i stabilno uredio sistem podrške, potrebne su korekcije postojećeg stanja i usvajanje propisa i programa koji bi bili izrađeni u najboljem interesu žena preživjelih nasilje u porodici. Analiza aktuelnih propisa i praksi vezanih za ekonomsko osnaživanje žena preživjelih nasilje u porodici mapira aktuelno stanje i nudi preporuke za poboljšanje socio-ekonomske situacije u kojoj se one nalaze. Uvijek treba imati na umu da žene nisu homogena kategorija i da postoje različite društveno nevidljive i marginalizirane grupe žena koje imaju različite potrebe koje zahtijevaju različite pristupe kada je u pitanju ostvarivanje ekonomskih poticaja i učestvovanje na tržištu rada.

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Moj glas odjekuje...

Author(s): Masha Durkalić / Language(s): Bosnian

Budući da se bavim novinarstvom/spisateljstvom, dok razmišljam o životu na margini, prva asocijacija mi je uvijek ona margina u samom Wordu, koju vidim čak i dok ovo pišem, i koja se miče po potrebi kako bi sav tekst mogao upasti na jednu stranu onako kako to meni odgovara. Iako je asocijacija jako banalna, njena uporedivost sa stvarnošću je neupitna. Ako zamislimo društvo kao prazan list papira koji se svakim danom ispisuje do određene granice i ako nemogućnost pomicanja margine poistovjetimo s manjkom želje onoga/e i/ili onih koji/e pišu po toj stranici da to urade, lako je shvatiti zašto su marginalizovane grupe u našem društvu u poziciji u kojoj jesu – poziciji siromaštva, diskriminacije, odbacivanja i socijalne isključenosti. Očito je – (privilegovano) društvo ne želi da one budu na unutrašnjoj strani margine na kojoj ih pušta da egzistiraju.

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Izvješće o pojavama govora mržnje I kaznenih djela učinjenih iz mržnje u Bosni i Hercegovini u razdoblju od lipnja 2018. godine do lipnja 2019. godine

Author(s): / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian

Tijekom 2016. i 2017. godine došlo je do unapređenja zakonskog okvira kada su u pitanju govor mržnje i kaznena djela učinjena iz mržnje. Unatoč tome, budući da bosansko-hercegovačko društvo općenito nije dovoljno senzibilizirano, a stručnjaci/kinje koji/e se bave ovom oblasti nisu dovoljno educirani/e, u praksi ova kaznena djela i dalje nisu odgovarajuće prepoznata, procesuirana i sankcionirana. Sve ovo doprinosi tome da žrtve govora mržnja i kaznenih djela učinjenih iz mržnje defacto najčešće ostaju nezbrinute, a djela neprocesuirana, što nekažnjenim počiniteljima/cama u ovakvim slučajevima šalje vrlo jasnu poruku da su njihova djela prihvatljiva i opravdana. Stoga žrtve i potencijalne žrtve govora mržnje i kaznenih djela učinjenih iz mržnje (pripadnici/e manjinskih skupina) nisu u mogućnosti voditi siguran i bezbrižan život sa svim temeljnim ljudskim pravima. Naime, ova prava su im uskraćena i/ili ograničena jer dijele neke od zaštićenih karakteristika zbog kojih mogu biti žrtve govora mržnje i kaznenih djela učinjenih iz mržnje. Unatoč tome što je legislativa poboljšavana u proteklom razdoblju, ni država ni nadležne ustanove za ovu oblast nisu uradile ništa kako bi se ova kaznena djela počela prvo prepoznavati, potom procesuirati, te na kraju odgovarajuće i sankcionirati. U prilog ovome govori i činjenica da država ne poduzima apsolutno ništa za sustavnu edukaciju policijskih službenika/ca, tužitelja/ica, sudaca/tkinjana ovu tematiku i problematiku, dok neke pravosudne ustanove nisu zainteresiraneni za suradnju kako bi svoje stručnjake/inje educirale kroz neformalni sustavo brazovanja. Iz svega navedenog očito je da izostaje odnos povjerenja između žrtava govora mržnje i kaznenih djela učinjenih iz mržnje i policije i pravosuđa. Zapravo, ova se kaznena djela ne prijavljuju policiji i pravosuđu, ili zbog straha, ili zbog izostanka povjerenja u cijeli lanac kaznenog progona. Nužno je kontinuirano senzibilizirati i educirati policijske službenike/ce, tužitelje/ice, suce/tkinje o tematici i problematici govora mržnje i kaznenih djela učinjenih iz mržnje, kako bi se promijenila prvenstveno njihova svijest, ali i unaprijedilo znanje i vještine o težini problema koju ova kaznena djela imaju po žrtve, a potom razvila i svijest i povjerenje žrtava da ta djela i prijave. Također, potrebno je poboljšanje trenutnog zakonskog okvira, odnosno harmonizacija kaznenih zakona u Federaciji BiH i Brčko distriktu s kaznenim zakonom Republike Srpske.

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Rodno zasnovano nasilje — mijenjanje pravila i praksi — pregled stanja u BiH, Srbiji, Hrvatskoj i Crnoj Gori

Author(s): Maja Šenk / Language(s): Bosnian

As part of the UProot Gender-Based Violence project, supported by the Western Balkans Fund, The CURE Foundation, in collaboration with partner organizations, NVO Prima from Montenegro, Alternative Center for Girls from Serbia, and Center for Education, Counseling and Research (CESI) from Croatia, has developed a manual on gender-based violence with a focus on its prevention. The manual presents the contexts and relevant legal frameworks of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Croatia, and Montenegro. The CURE Foundation and its partner organizations will use this manual in their work with activists, volunteers, high school students, and others dealing with issues related to gender-based violence. The CURE will promote and distribute the manual in all the mentioned countries and organize a regional conference in Sarajevo where the results and comparative analysis of the prevalence of gender-based violence in these countries will be presented. The manual is designed as a tool and information resource primarily for activists working on gender-based violence issues, gender-based violence in youth relationships, and peer violence. In addition to presenting the legal framework in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Croatia, and Montenegro, the manual will also illustrate forms of violence through the testimonies of individuals who have survived violence, allowing for a comparative analysis of the prevalence of gender-based violence in the four countries.

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Collision of Social Norms: Consideration from a Sexual Harassment Case in Japan

Author(s): Miori Nagashima / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Since the introduction of the Equal Employment Opportunity Law in 1985, the term seku-hara, or “sexual harassment,” has been widely used in everyday life in Japan. However, accusing someone of sexual harassment is still difficult, and women often do not speak out for fear of secondary harm (Ito 2017; McNeil 2018). Against this backdrop, a sexual harassment accusation was levied by a female journalist against a top governmental bureaucrat in the Ministry of Finance in 2018. After a weekly news magazine reported this case based on an audio file secretly recorded by the journalist at a meeting, public debates arose over the “appropriateness” of the accuser’s actions, potentially leading to victim bashing. In this research, three main controversies are focused on: (1) the appropriateness of unauthorized recordings obtained by the journalist at the meeting, (2) leaking the audio to a media company that the journalist is not employed by, and (3) the “woman’s way of working”. Drawing on the Framing Theory (Entman 1993), this paper analyzes these issues, focusing on social and cultural norms that underlie differing opinions. We argue that the usual social norms and those social norms in the crisis must be distinguished with regard to (1). Regarding (2), some interpret her action as violating professional ethics, while others view it as a form of social resistance akin to whistleblowing. The third debate shows that conventional social values in Japan conflict with new labor ethics that seek gender equality in the workplace.

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