Zagrebačko liberalno novinstvo 1848.-1852 i stvaranje moderne Hrvatske

Author(s): Vlasta Švoger / Language(s): Croatian

In diesem Buch werden die kroatischen liberalen in Zagreb erscheinenden Blatter Saborske novine (1848), Slavenski Jug (1848-1850), Sudslawische Zeitung (1849-1852) und Jugoslavenske novine (1850) als moderne offentliche Medien mit sehr komplexer politischer und gesellschaftlicher Funktion dargestellt und zwar auf Grund komparativer Methode. Nach einer methodologischen und historiographischen Einleitung setzte die Autorin die genannten Blatter in raumlichen und zeitlichen Kontext und beschrieb die Umstande, in denen das Pressewesen in der Habsburgermonarchie vom Jahre 1848 bis zum 1852 wirkte, also in dem hier besprochenen Zeitraum.

Image of Istanbul, Impact of ECOC 2010 on the city image

Author(s): Evinç Doğan / Language(s): English

In this spectacle, the urban spaces were projected as the theatre décor while residents and visitors became the spectators. The images of Istanbul pile up in videos and posters to show the city in every aspect in which everything becomes mishmash and the message gets lost in the chaos. While Istanbul is depicted as a mystified city through Orientalist representations, this image of Istanbul moves between the opposite ends of the contrasting pairs, and in contestation."Culture, defined as making sense of the world (Hall, 1997: 2), is an integral part of branding a place, which involves cultural exchange (Anholt, 2005: 140). Mega-events may be used as forms of advertising for city marketing and branding, where the signification is not only about production of meaning but also staging of the meaning. The cities hosting mega-events can be turned into the protagonists of the spectacle by showcasing their cultural products as well as cultural being. Thus, what staged there are the city, its image as well as the events. The mega-events are helpful to spread the word about the city, but the meaning is created also through imaging the city and positioning this image in the minds of the people."

Politički identitet Srbije u globalnom i regionalnom kontekstu

Author(s): / Language(s): English,Serbian

Theoretical frameworks in the study of press advertisements: Polish, English and Chinese perspective

Author(s): Adam Wojtaszek / Language(s): English

There are several aspects in which the present book is unique. First of all, it tests the analytic potential of theoretical concepts and constructs which have not yet been applied to the analysis of the advertising discourse, although such a possibility was envisaged by some of the authors (e.g. Giora, 2003). Secondly, it offers a comparative elaboration of advertising corpora from three different cultural backgrounds: Polish, British and Chinese; a combination which has not yet been, to the best of my knowledge, covered in literature. Finally, it is also heavily biased towards critical methodological reflection, exposing many aspects of making certain choices vis-à-vis the analytic perspective and material. It was possible, thanks to the application of such a viewpoint, to unmask and appreciate the contribution of the observer effect in the study of the advertising discourse. Especially in the context of application of the Politeness framework to the analysis of commercials the book has managed to demonstrate how big may be the impact of the way of viewing. The evaluation of the practicality, usefulness and common sense of such applications is left to the readers, who may disagree with the author in this respect. The book unfolds in three stages. In the first chapter the contributions of particular types of selective focus applied in the study of advertisements are presented and critically evaluated. In particular, the impacts of choices pertaining to the object of the study, the preference for the approach (bottom-up versus top-down) and the alternatives implicit in opting for the content analysis or the investigation of responses were examined. The second chapter elaborates on an attempt to look at the advertising discourse from the perspective of Politeness Theory, as a peculiar forms of communication between the advertiser and the recipients. Following an extensive discussion of the applicability of the framework and the necessary methodological modifications, a two-step study is presented in which Polish, British and Chinese participants were reflectively commenting on a selection of press advertisements from three corresponding corpora. The subsequent comparative investigation of their responses allowed for identification of language- and culturerelated idiosyncrasies. The third chapter, which is the most extensive, is divided into two major parts. The first one draws upon Giora’s (2003) Graded Salience Hypothesis in proposing the constructs of static and dynamic salience which are subsequently used in the analysis of the corpora, followed by the investigation of Optimal Innovation Hypothesis applied to selected advertisements. In the second part of the third chapter, Kecskes’s (2008) model is applied to the description of advertisements from Polish, British and Chinese newspapers and magazines. In particular, the notion of context is decomposed into several distinct sub-categories, conveniently summarising and explicating the contributions offered by each of them.

The Neopopular Bubble. Speculating on "the People" in Late Modern Democracy

Author(s): Péter Csigó / Language(s): English

The common critique of media- and ratings-driven politics envisions democracy falling hostage to a popularity contest. By contrast, the following book reconceives politics as a speculative Keynesian beauty contest that alienates itself from the popular audience it ceaselessly targets. Political actors unknowingly lean on collective beliefs about the popular expectations they seek to gratify, and thus do not follow popular public opinion as it is, but popular public opinion about popular public opinion.This book unravels how collective discourses on “the popular” have taken the role of intermediary between political elites and electorates. The shift has been driven by the idea of “liquid control:” that postindustrial electorates should be reached through flexibly designed media campaigns based on a complete understanding of their media-immersed lives. Such a complex representation of popular electorates, actors have believed, cannot be secured by rigid bureaucratic parties, but has to be distilled from the collective wisdom of the crowd of consultants, pollsters, journalists and pundits commenting on the political process.The mediatization of political representation has run a strikingly similar trajectory to the marketization of capital allocation in finance: starting from a rejection of bureaucratic control, promising a more “liquid” alternative, attempting to detect a collective wisdom (of/about “the markets” and “the people”), and ending up in self-driven spirals of collective speculation.

Медии и политическо влияние

Author(s): Tihomir Bezlov,Konstantin Ivanov,Lyubomir Kutin,Marin Marinov / Language(s): Bulgarian

The interest in the media environment in Bulgaria is fueled by the manifold manifestations of political and economic dependencies of the media. External influence undermines confidence in the media and they lose their relevance as a means of forming an informed civil society, turning only into channels of private interest propaganda. Especially vulnerable is the press, which, due to the economic crisis and the competition of free online media, is subject to "political investment". Balancing and impartiality of the media are assessed by analyzing the online content of newspapers, information sites and national televisions. The media coverage of the debate over the second lift over Bansko, the suspension of South Stream, the local elections in 2015, as well as the general state of the regional media in Bulgaria are discussed.

Прирачник за застапување засновано на податоци

Author(s): Ana Blazheva,Jordan Šišovski ,Branimir Jovanović,Kalina Lechevska,Viktorija Borovska,Artan Sadiku / Language(s): Macedonian

Дизайн на вестника

Author(s): Vesselina Valkanova / Language(s): Bulgarian

The paper "Design of the newspaper" presents the significant structural changes in the field of print press. The emphasis is on the specifics of newspaper products, typological and design lines of development, visual presentation, construction strategies, efficiency and reception of the three modern forms of the newspaper - the traditional printed product, e-paper and online emissions - essential for the communication behavior of the oldest media and the prospects for its development.

FAKE NEWS - A ROADMAP

Author(s): / Language(s): English

In the summer of 2017 a group of students on the Strategic Communications Masters at King’s College London decided to bring some clarity to the discussion of Fake News. Their concern was that what separated truth from untruth had for too long been obscured—made ever less intelligible by certain people intent on distorting responsible debate, while others simply fail to do their research. The term Fake News has become the default catchphrase for truth-seekers wishing to label inaccurate reporting, truth-obscurers spreading malevolent assertions, or the unprepared who simply want to close down uncomfortable discussion. The shorthand expression ‘Fake News’ may fit neatly into tweeted messages, but willing amplifiers have spread it across all media, traditional and social, without necessarily giving it a meaningful definition. Fake News: A Roadmap is published by King’s Centre for Strategic Communications (KCSC) and the NATO Strategic Communications Centre of Excellence, in Riga, Latvia. Both organisations are committed to encouraging young talent and innovative thinking. In keeping with NATO’s remit, this book is published and made available free of charge to any reader around the world. Fake News: A Roadmap is edited by Jente Althuis and Leonie Haiden. Its authors are Iona Allan, Jente Althuis, Alexander Averin, Giulia Conci, Sarah Dooley, Erin Duffy, Douglas Gray, Leonie Haiden, Mitchell Ilbury, Natalia Kantovich, Chelsea McManus, Celeste Michaud, Emma Moore, Kierat Ranautta-Sambhi, and Siri Strand. We wish to thank for their advice and support: KCSC – Dr Neville Bolt, Professor David Betz, Dr Nicholas Michelsen, Professor Nicholas O’Shaughnessy, John Williams, Dr Francesca Granelli, Andrea Berger, Victoria Preston, Sophia Krauel. NATO StratCom COE - Jānis Sārts, Linda Curika, Benjamin Heap.

Kulturowe kody reklamy. Świat znaczeń w reklamie z perspektywy socjalizacji

Author(s): Emilia Bańczyk (Kałuzińska) / Language(s): Polish

The purpose of my dissertation is the reconstruction of socialization offer of advertising. The choice of this topic involves contemporary cultural transformations and results from observation that the process of entering an individual to society is more often accompanied by the media, and with the recognition that advertisement has a meaningful impact in today’s world – as the transfer of general social knowledge. These two concepts: socialization and advertising become description subject in the theoretical part of the thesis. Television has become an important factor of socialization, as the research indicates, which shows that the average nursery school child watches television up to three hours a day. Young viewers like to watch advertisments, they are also the extremely absorbent audience and prolong the existence of commercial messages, drawing from them inspiration for fun and for the children’s folklore. To evaluate the potential of the socialization of advertising, I analyse advertising spots broadcast on channel TVP ABC. Children as recipients of fables become here automatically receivers of many advertising messages. Arousing children’s interest advertising has the potential to shape the image of the world’s youngest viewers, providing knowledge about products, but also about values, stereotypes or social roles. In this way conceptualization of reality from advertisments can be internalized by the child audience. Advertising as a multicode, polisemiotic message, requires also multidimensional description. I am ordering the collected material using content analysis – taking into consideration the category of advertised products, as well as promoted in spots values and social roles in which the main ads character are being occupied. Then I am taking a closer look to the selected advertisement and doing their semiological analysis, to check how a single spots in its plots reproduce the social order and in what way modify it. Finally, I am studing advertising spoken texts, supporting with the concept of the Lublin school of ethnolinguistics, I am trying to reconstruct an linguistic picture of the world carried by the advertisements. Reconstruction of advertising socialization offer shows that advertising equates children recipient with an adult, presenting post consumption world where dreams are realized through loans. Picture of the social roles is filled with stereotypes, however, we can notice some elements of changes, ie. fathers taking care of children or active female character presented away from home. The meaning of advertisements creates three pragmatic areas: CONSUMPTION AREA, UNLIMITED POSSIBILITIES AREA and EXISTENCE AREA. The child learns from advertising texts that „new is better”, that it can do in life, whatever it wants, and, that life is inseparably connected with money, while home and family are disconnected.

Reprezentace seniorů a seniorek v médiích

Author(s): Jiřina Šiklová,Linda Sokačová,Alena Králíková,Martin Vávra,Lada Wichterlová / Language(s): Czech

Téma seniorů nabývá v současnosti v souvislosti s fenoménem stárnoucí populace na důležitosti. Často je v tomto kontextu zdůrazňován význam demografických procesů. Je to pochopitelné: stále více lidí se dožívá vyššího věku, což s sebou přináší nové příležitosti, ale i omezení v ekonomické a sociální oblasti. Dané téma ovšem nelze redukovat pouze na demografii a ekonomii. To, k čemu dochází, je transformace stáří jako takového, nebo - přesněji řečeno -transformace představy o stáří. Fakt tzv. demografického stárnutí populace je často pojímán negativně. Stáří bývá spojováno s celkovou stagnací a regresí lidského života. V minulosti snad společnost měla jednotnou představu, tj. model pro život seniorů, který se samozřejmě lišil podle sociálního postavení i pohlaví, v takové situaci již nejsme. [...]

Between Anarchy and Censorship. Public discourse and the duties of social media

Author(s): Judit Bayer / Language(s): English

Social media platforms have become powerful enough to cause perceptible effects in societies on a global scale. They facilitate public discussion, and they work with excessive amounts of personal data – both activities affecting human rights and the rule of law. This specific service requires attention from the regulator: according to this paper, a new legal category should be created with clear definitions, and a firm delineation of platforms’ rights and responsibilities. Social media companies should not become responsible for third-party content, as this would lead to over-censorship, but they should have the obligation to create and maintain safe and secure platforms, on which human rights and the rule of law are respected.

MAPPING EXTREMIST COMMUNITIES: A SOCIAL NETWORK ANALYSIS APPROACH

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English

Online social networks are used by everyone in our everyday lives, including by malicious actors and organisations. Previous work has characterised the specific online behaviour of Middle East-based terror groups. However, this behaviour is constantly evolving, as a response to events such as the battle of Mosul and also due to the strengthening of the platforms’ moderation rules. Terror groups target social media platforms such as Twitter, Telegram, and Discord, and while their past behavioural patterns and narrative strategies have been well documented, the adaptive nature of these groups require continuous analysis of their online presence.

Social Media Monitoring: A Primer. Methods, tools, and applications for monitoring the social media space

Author(s): Henrik Twetman,Marina Paramonova,Monika Izandra Hanley,Rolf Fredheim,Kristina Van Sant,Giorgio Bertolini,Alvin Lim,Sebastian Bay / Language(s): English

For the last twenty years, the phenomenon of social media has cemented itself as the new nexus of social interaction. With billions of users across the world, hundreds of online platforms, and a myriad of digital technologies at its backbone, social media is fundamentally reshaping our understanding of the global information environment. Today, social media is essential infrastructure for personal conversation, public debate, and commercial communication. While social media provides many opportunities for unprecedented information sharing, the rapid adoption of limitless communication technologies with instant amplification and global reach has also created significant vulnerabilities. Social media have, in many cases, become a conduit for unsubstantiated information, such as rumours, hoaxes, and conspiracy theories.

Social Media Manipulation 2020. How Social Media Companies are Failing to Combat Inauthentic Behaviour Online

Author(s): Sebastian Bay,Anton Dek,Iryna Dek,Rolf Fredheim / Language(s): English

Antagonists, from foreign governments to terror groups, anti-democratic groups, and commercial companies, continually seek to manipulate public debate through the use of coordinated social media manipulation campaigns. These groups rely on fake accounts and inauthentic behaviour to undermine online conversations, causing online and offline harm to both society and individuals. As a testament to the continued interest of antagonists and opportunists alike to manipulate social media, a string of social media companies, researchers, intelligence services, and interest groups have detailed attempts to manipulate social media conversations during the past year. Therefore, it continues to be essential to evaluate whether the social media companies are living up to their commitments to counter misuse of their platforms. In an attempt to contribute to the evaluation of social media platforms, we re-ran our ground-breaking experiment to assess their ability to counter the malicious use of their services. This year we spent significant effort to improve our methodology further, and we also added a fifth social media platform, Tik-Tok, to our experiment.

Abuse of Power: Coordinated Online Harassment of Finnish Government Ministers

Author(s): Kristina Van Sant,Rolf Fredheim,Gundars Bergmanis-Korats / Language(s): English

This report is an explorative analysis of abusive messages targeting Finnish ministers on the social media platform Twitter. The purpose of this study is to understand the scope of politically motivated abusive language on Finnish Twitter, and to determine if, and to what extent, it is perpetrated by inauthentic accounts. To this end, we developed a mixed methodology, combining AI-driven quantitative visualisations of the networks delivering messages of abuse with a qualitative analysis of the messages in order to understand the themes and triggers of abusive activity. We collected Twitter data between 12 March and 27 July 2020, a period spanning the state of emergency declared in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. This report is informed by the findings of three recent Finnish studies, one of which investigated the extent and effects of online hate speech against politicians while the other two studied the use of bots to influence political discourse during the 2019 Finnish parliamentary elections.

Tackling Kremlin’s Media Capture in Southeast Europe : Shared Patterns, Specific Vulnerabilities and Responses to Russian Disinformation

Author(s): Rumena Filipova / Language(s): English

The report explores the scope, means and reach of Russia’s sharp power influence through the phenomenon of media capture in Southeast Europe, including EU members Bulgaria and Croatia as well as EU aspirants Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Albania and Kosovo. The comparative assessment uncovers the instruments, channels and narratives of Russian disinformation, the impact of Kremlin messaging on societal perceptions and the increasing overlap of influence tactics between Russia and other authoritarian states operating in the Balkans, particularly China.

Българската мечта - позитивната концепция

Author(s): / Language(s): Bulgarian

The Leadership, Society, Strategic Visions series is an open access, peer reviewed academic journal published by the Department of Administration and Management, New Bulgarian University in one issue per year. The Journal provides a forum for scholarly research in administration and management, different aspects of business, public sphere and their impact on society. Each number in the LSSV Series has its own sub-title, which covers a specific area. The main thematic directions are: Leadership and strategic visions, Effective management models and approaches (theoretical, practical or both), Economic, cultural, political and organizational parameters of the studied phenomena, Competitiveness, tourism, ecology - criteria for successful practices; Master and Doctoral Forum. The journal accepts manuscripts in Bulgarian, Russian and English language.

Medijska i informacijska pismenost: dizajn učenja za digitalno doba

Author(s): Emir Vajzović,Mario Hibert,Lejla Turčilo,Vuk Vučetić,Lamija Silajdžić / Language(s): Bosnian

Informirano, obrazovano i odgovorno donošenje odluka utemeljeno na kritičkom mišljenju je ideal i izazov s kojim se pojedinac i društvo kontinuirano susreću. Živimo doba tzv. liminalnih trenutaka, kada stara pravila prestaju da vrijede, a zajednice kojima ljudi pripadaju prestaju značiti ono što su nekada bile, vrijeme liminalnog prostora iz kojeg je izronila novomedijska zbilja upravljana vladajućom teorijom, tačnije uvjerenjem, da će tehnološka organizacija informacija stvoriti red iz haosa. Ako su tehnološke platforme imale za cilj organizirati svjetske informacije i učiniti ih univerzalno dostupnim i korisnim (Google), učiniti svijet otvorenijim i povezanijim (Facebook), zašto je sve onda toliko haotično? Ova dva navedena poslovna kreda, misije, poslovne filozofije, Googlea i Facebooka, direktno opisuju da je upravljanje diskursom društvene disrupcije, tačnije informacijskim neredom nastalim digitalnim stanjem (Stalder 2018) korporativna fantazma vrijednosti platformski posredovanog svijeta.

Social Media Manipulation for Sale - 2024 Experiment on Platform Capabilities to Detect and Counter Inauthentic Social Media Engagement

Author(s): Gundars Bergmanis-Korats,Tetiana Haiduchyk / Language(s): English

Two and a half years since the Russian invasion in Ukraine, in addition to newly adopted EU regulations such as the Digital Services Act (DSA)1 and the Digital Market Act (DMA)2 allowed us to continue the series of these reports with high expectations of platforms having developed capabilities to identify and remove commercial manipulations. Although there were minor improvements across most platforms since our last experiment in 2022, our expectations were not fully met, leading us to speculate that EU regulations had minimal impact on detecting inauthentic engagement during our red team experiment. Why was this the case? Several potential reasons, which we explore in detail throughout this report, may address this phenomenon. During the experiment where we purchased inauthentic engagement from commercial social media manipulation services, platforms demonstrated significant variation in resilience to inauthentic activity, with notable differences in the ease of registration and the cost of SMS verification. Most platforms struggled with the removal of fake accounts; X showed good progress by removing 50% of identified fake accounts, while TikTok and VKontakte managed to remove only a small fraction (3% and 2%, respectively). In addition, fake interactions remained prevalent across all platforms, highlighting ongoing challenges. Manipulation services have become increasingly affordable, even from reputable providers in the US and UK, making inauthentic engagement more accessible. While the majority of clients using manipulation services are commercial entities seeking to promote spam, scams, or other commercial topics, we observed the use of bots to amplify political content on a diversity of topics. In the context of the US political environment, we observed bots being utilised to influence public opinion by amplifying divisive content related to the upcoming elections. Bots engaged in promoting and countering narratives about prominent political figures, such as President Joe Biden, Kamala Harris, and Donald Trump, as well as other politically charged content. This trend highlights the ongoing vulnerability of platforms to manipulation in politically sensitive environments, despite efforts to curb inauthentic engagement. The platforms’ efforts to counteract various forms of inauthentic activity, such as fake likes and views, have largely been ineffective, with X standing out as the only platform making significant progress by removing approximately 50% of fake comments and reposts. Most platforms showed a considerable interest in our findings, and many provided insights into their transparency reporting. We reached out to all platforms except VKontakte and received responses from all but X. A key conclusion from our experiment is that, from a red-team perspective, it was successful due to the complex content and behaviour classification systems employed by platforms. These systems rely on multiple indicators to determine whether content should be flagged as problematic, yet our experiment likely remained undetected due to its small scale. X demonstrated that small-scale commercial manipulation can be identified and removed effectively, whereas other platforms continue to struggle with this challenge. A concerning takeaway is that malicious actors can evade detection by breaking large-scale campaigns into smaller micro-scale operations, using different commercial services, and interacting sporadically with platforms. This ability to remain undetected presents a significant threat to the integrity of social media ecosystems.