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This article discusses official EU donation and technical responses to Serbia and Bosnia following spring 2014 floods, providing specific aid totals and activities to prevent future similar disasters in the EU aspirant countries.
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Introduction: On 1 January 2004, the German legislator gave approval for medical care centres to provide statutory health insurance accredited care. This resulted in fundamental changes for the German healthcare system, the effects of which are still far from being clarified.In this legislation period, it is expected that the structural changes will bring about improvements in the interlinking of the stationary and outpatient sector. There will be further considerable growth particularly in the types of medical care centres that are founded by other providers of statutory health insurance as the synergy effects from these forms of cooperation can be clearly seen. Objectives and Methodology: The aim of the study is to show that three different types of medical care centres exist in Germany and that special knowledge can be generated about them. The methods used in the research are addressed, such as induction and deduction. Problems to be solved: With this work shall be shown that from a deductive point of view there can generated knowledge about the three types of medical care centres. The aim of the authors is to show which explicit problems show off in focus with business administration and from a precise view, juridical aspects and the variation for the three types of medical care centres. Results: In Germany there are three different types of medical care centres: the usual medical care centre/partnership company, the usual medical care centre/corporation and the company medical care centre. Conclusion: The structure of the German medical care centresis an outstanding construction for the medical field and has very good prospects for the future. The following academic paper for a classification of medical care centres in Germany shows the results of the theoretic considerations concerning the MCC types.
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Introduction: Due to current demographic trends as represented on the one part by the fast growing age group of the elderly at a simultaneous decline of the group of younger adults capable of gainful activity, new healthcare models need to be explored to keep patient care still possible and in particular affordable into the future. Through new innovative offers such as the use of health apps as well as mobile health (mHealth), Skype or telemonitoring that allow to save costs, also satisfaction and the quality of life can be improved of patients. Method: In the present empirical study, the authors undertake to explore from the perspective of health sciences based on a qualitative analysis of literature the challenges and consequences of this new type of patient care. Results: With the results obtained, the reference basis has been established in this study for improvements that implicates the notion of health apps, which facilitate a change in perspective in healthcare. Summary: Not every patient is equally suitable for every type of telecare. A key role in the decision for or against a specific type of health app care plays the condition itself, the willingness of those affected and the existing technical and local enablers and contexts. The responsible persons are obliged to continuously improve their theoretical and practical knowledge and to always refer to current state of knowledge.
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Nie ulega wątpliwości, że ponad stuletni dorobek teoretyczny i aplikacyjny pracy socjalnej skupiony jest na definiowaniu, ochronie i walce na rzecz praw obywatelskich grup marginalizowanych. Uznawanie godności, obdarzanie miłością, solidaryzm wobec osób piętnowanych i narażonych na skrzywdzenie są głównymi desygnatami profesji, a jej istotą – uwalnianie potencjału rozwojowego każdego człowieka. […]
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This article proffers a critical reflection of South Africa‟s post-1994 constitutional trajectory, with specific emphasis on interpretation, application, enforcement and realization of first, second and third generation rights as potential panaceas to challenges inhibiting socio-legal transformation. It forges an adoption of an interdisciplinary approach, relying extensively on theoretical connotations founded in Klare‟s conceptualization of Transformative Constitutionalism and social change, the traditional rights-based approaches to human development and well-being, and Amartya Sen‟s and Martha Nussbaum‟s Capabilities Approach. It utilizes these theories as tools of analysis, to essentially evaluate their potential impact when tested against prime values grounded in the doctrine, Ubuntu, which informs Africans‟ philosophy of life, often distinguishable amongst proletariat. These tools are utilised to make an assessment of material socio-economic conditions afflicting indigent communities, in an effort to provide explanations regarding identifiable gaps existing in social policy and strict legal norms and/or instruments. It is asserted that Klare's TC and the Constitution‟s rights-based approaches will remain hollow lest not augmented by strong ideological instruments that are people-centered. Thus, it is indispensable that the Constitution's social transformation agenda, as an ongoing process, be complemented by ideologically sound approaches that adequately safeguard the well-being of humanity.
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This study examines the affordability of electricity in terms of access to electricity and the cost of electricity vis-à-vis the welfare of households in Nigeria. The study is motivated by the inability of the National grid to provide adequate electricity supply to every households in the country and by the fact that majority of the Nigerian population in both the rural and urban areas depend solely on generators to power their homes in a quest to make up for the National energy inadequacy. To this end, the study enquires into the factors that can enhance households’ potentials for generating electricity from solar and inverters, instead of generators, in order to reduce emissions and increase their real incomes. Empirical results confirm that households’ captive power generation capacity revolves around the usage of generators while they are less informed about the use of solar panels and inverters. Also, we confirm that households’ income earning potentials determine the choice they make between generator, solar and inverters. We hereby conclude that electricity affordability has a strong correlation with households’ welfare in Nigeria
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The article aims to highlight the main changes made by technology in the practices of social work. There are different types of technology based interventions implemented at an international level in terms of their effectiveness. The paper refers to the role of technology resources (computer, telephone, internet etc.) used in the field of social work practice. The last part of this article captures the results of a qualitative research, using a computerized software (Atlas.ti) to analyze the way in which the social work professionals from Romania integrate technological resources in their social actions. The international research studies and the results of this research undertake once again the need to implement and evaluate the effectiveness of technology based interventions. Also, the conclusions indicate the need of stimulating new research and intervention which value information and communication technologies in order to improve the outcomes of social work practice.
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This article examines the relationship between different types of the welfare state, migration regimes and changes in migration flows. It discusses the implications and limitations of the ‘welfare magnet’ theory explaining the impact of welfare regimes on migration flows as well as the interactions between migration regimes and welfare state situations. Also the impact of different welfare state regimes on migration flows is presented there. In Lithuania, as well as in other countries with a high level of emigration, the relations between the welfare state, migration regimes and migration are not fully explored; therefore, the article also presents the case study of Lithuania in order to provide guidelines for further studies in this field.
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Since 2000, the United Nation Security Council has adopted four resolutions on women, peace and security (UN SC Resolutions: 1325, 1820, 1888 and 1889). The UN SC Resolution 1325 “Women, peace and security” was adopted on 31st October 2000. This document emphasizes the consequences of armed conflicts on women and girls and the importance of women's role in peace-building and the post-conflict recovery of the country. A particular challenge for its implementation has been the refugee crisis, as a result of which more than half a million asylum seekers have arrived in Europe since 2015. Particularly vulnerable groups among them are women and children, who are accommodated in refugee camps and asylum centers. During their stay in these centers, they focus on meeting their basic needs within the existing local (material and human) resources. In this context, the readiness of local communities to ensure the safety and psycho-social well-being of refugees and migrants, especially women and children, in accordance with the adopted Action Plan for the implementation of UNSC Resolution 1325, will come to the fore. The analytical approach in this paper includes the identification of the key determinants of the UNSC Resolution 1325 in the local context of response to the refugee crisis.
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This paper provides an overview of gender mainstreaming in military components of the UN Peace Operations (POs). The main hypothesis is whether more attention is given to gender perspective and gender mainstreaming in POs that could vastly contribute to operational efficiency in the field, to better protection of human (women’s) rights, to the higher level safety of the troops in the field and local population, and most importantly, whether peace could be built on solid basis and whether victimization could be avoided up to maximum possible extent. The main identified gap is a lack of appropriate training and education in this regard. Analyses of recent developments in POs, the UN Security Council Resolution 1325, gender policy in military components, and historical aspects of gender roles in Western society are considered through feminist approach to international law perspective introduced by Christin Chinkin in 1991.
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The existence of international agreements of social security rights regulate the transfer, from one state to another contracting state, of health and social security rights. Although they have existed for many years, the application of the so called, the convention on social security, and the rights derived therefrom, have not yet sufficiently taken root in the work of medical institutions, they represent ignorant and ignore their application. Some medical institutions have greater experience in obtaining benefits from service provision by contracts, but they also have reserves and unused potentials. The provision of services to foreign insurance consumer can be equated with the export of health services, which is given in a domestic institution. The benefits of providing services under international agreements also have a foreign insured person in need of the service, a health institution that receives a new consumer, and health insurance, which can indirectly and sometimes even cheaper, cover the insured event. The aim of this paper is to point out the need for an active approach to the provision of services to foreign policyholders, as well as to implement the contract in the most efficient way possible, and to achieve benefits for the institution and for the service user.
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Social work in Bosnia and Herzegovina appeared as a response to a social crisis and accumulated social problems. Industrialisation, urbanisation and migration required professional intervention, and war is also the main reason for introducing social work as a professional activity. Although it has been 60 years since social work became a profession in Bosnia and Herzegovina and its application began in practice, there are still many limiting factors that negatively affect the social status and status of the profession of social work. Considering the above, it was important to examine the attitudes of social workers and students about social work, about the factors affecting the social position, but also the crisis that necessarily determines the future of social work. The study included 270 participants. Questionnaires were used to survey 115 social workers and 155 students of the first and second program cycle at the Department of Social Work of the Faculty of Political Science, University of Sarajevo. A semi-structured interview was conducted with social workers (N=6). By the means of interviews, we wanted to get a wider insight into the attitudes of experts- social workers about the issues in social work in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The results of the research show that the social work in our society has not yet received the place it deserves. The position of the social work is dissatisfying; it is perceived on the margins of the scientific-professional discourse, a multiannual crossroad and mostly “anchored in social protection”. Direct and indirect factors affecting the perception of the social work were identified, and it was pointed to the need for systematic work on removing the factors of degradation. It was noted that limited opportunities for action make it difficult for social workers to be genuine social workers in practice, loyal to their professional identity and the ethics of social work. An important result of the research suggests, regarding valuation, respect and appreciation for the social work, social workers should be recognised in public, through their personal commitment and the use of the media to inform the public about their work.
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This paper presents the results of surveying the views of graduate social workers on the results accomplished through a four-year education at the Faculty of Political Sciences in Banja Luka. The research was conducted as part of self-evaluation of the study program, and included 74 graduate social workers from throughout the Republic of Srpska. The aim of the research was to identify previous achievements and results accomplished in the course of higher education social workers. The survey was conducted using the questionnaire survey method. Results of the research demonstrated that higher education for social work provides extensive theoretical knowledge from the theory of social work and other scientific disciplines, the possibility of linking theory with practice, as well as acquiring knowledge and developing skills from methodical procedures in direct work with beneficiaries. Appropriate competences for practical work are on an insufficient level, and the lowest level of results was achieved in training for analytical research work.
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This paper examines the legal structure of poverty alleviation policies in Turkey. Legal regulation of social policy adopted in Turkey for the fight against poverty and legal regulations on direct social assistance have been included. In this article, the Laws that constitute the basis of the policies within the scope of the fight against poverty are examined. In this context, the importance of the Law No. 2022 about granting salary for people of 65-Year-Old, Poor, Needy and Orphaned Turkish Citizens and the Law No.3294 of Encouraging Social Assistance and Solidarity on social policies aimed at combating poverty were discussed. The main material of the article consists of the legislation, direct and indirect regulations regulating policies to combat poverty, the reports of the Ministry of Family, Labor and Social Services, the Constitution and articles and reports written in this field.
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The analysis focuses on recent revisions, in Italy, of social welfare systems in relation to Western demographic transformations. The focus of the study is dedicated to the exploration of services in the field of forms of care and assistance, in the more general area of chronic long-term illnesses in which to combine health care with social work projects in the most direct forms taking charge. Furthermore, the work also analyzes the role that the so-called “do-it-yourself welfare”, or informal care work, represents in the context of institutional welfare.
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Elderly’s points of view and their active involvement in the delivery of social services, from the perspective of paternalism, reflect the practitioners’ complex responsibilities in decision-making.The present article is part of a larger study that aims to identify the modalities of implementing the minimum compulsory standards in residential care centres for the elderly. We intend to highlight the results referring to the elderly’s involvement in assessing / re-testing, planning, and providing their needs / services.We based our study on a qualitative method, on the mandatory “person-centred” minimum standard, which states it should involve the beneficiary “in the process of delivering social services and in decision-making”. The difficulties encountered by social service providers when implementing the minimum mandatory standards if considering or not the beneficiaries’ expectations referring to their active involvement or paternalism were in the focus of our research.Reflecting the analysis of our study, we identified several types of beneficiaries, such as dissatisfied, indifferent or optimistic ones and the need for individualised interventions became clearer. By identifying the beneficiaries’ different attitudes and expectations, we may conclude that studies on how it would be possible to shape the services according to a particular need are a necessity.
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Few migrants visit and stay in Romania. However, this situation is prone to change with Romania’s imminent joining the Schengen treaty and the critical labor force shortages. It is not a surprise that Romanian institutions are trying to prepare and train for accommodating workers coming from other regions of the world. This paper describes the current housing and status of immigrants in Romania including the perception and the living conditions of immigrants from Romania. Tentatively, I will show that overall living conditions are good but somewhat worse than the locals. Finally, I associate the living conditions to predictors identified in other studies such as income and type of activity performed in the host country. The study is exploratory and intends to reveal information on how immigrants report on their living status in Romania.
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This paper was aimed at assessing the quality of life of elderly people in institutional accommodation in relation to certain socio-demographic characteristics. The survey sample was formed from 42 respondents, both sexes, aged 62 to 89, who were beneficiaries of the services of the Center for the Gerontological Center – Day Ccare Center Voždovac. Data were collected with an instrument for assessing the quality of life recommended by the World Health Organization (WHOQOL-BREF, shorter version). The results show that among the respondents there is no statistically significant difference in self-assessment of quality of life in different domains when compared to sex, age, education level and marital status. The lowest average score was obtained for the domain of psychological health (M = 53.77, SD = 15.53), while the highest average score was registered for the domain of social relations (M = 67.56, SD = 18.33), which tells us that the sample respondents are most satisfied with their social relationships, and least satisfied with their psychological state.
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A study through quantitative research approaches attitude of the current high school students the districts of Bratislava and Skalica to homelessness. It focuses on the theoretical aspects of homelessness as a social problem, highlights the myths and prejudices against the homeless and stresses the importance of knowledge, attitudes and public opinion on homelessness. It approximates the current state of homelessness in Slovakia and abroad, describes the current possibilities of aid to uprooted people and implemented in the context of research points to the importance of changing public attitudes toward the homeless. The research carried out can serve as a primary prevention of homelessness for young people.
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