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Белково-липидный состав пыльцы березы бородавчатой (Betula verrucosa) и ее антиоксидантная активность в зависимости от места произрастания

Author(s): T. Shevtsova,E. Garkava,J. Brindza,T. Brjuzgina,V. Groza / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2013

Pollen has various effects on the human body. In order to study and compare the biological activity of the mature pollen grains of Betula verrucosa Ehrh. we investigated the protein-lipid composition and total antioxidant activity (TAA) of 10 samples from different habitats in the territory of Ukraine and the Slovak Republic. The collection sites are near highways and apartment blocks, as well as a nature reserve, forest and botanical garden. The protein content was determined by the Kjeldahl method. A chromatographic analysis of fatty acids from lipids was performed using a “Cvet 500” gas chromatograph, equipped with a flame-ionization detector in the isothermal mode. The bioactivity of aqueous, ethanol and methanol extracts of pollen grains was evaluated by the DPPH free radical scavenging method (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) by means spectrophotometry in vitro. The protein content of the pollen of B. verrucosa ranged from 17.9% to 25.6%, depending on the habitat. Unsaturated fatty acids were found in higher amounts than saturated fatty acids. The profile of fatty acids indicates a higher content of palmitic (33.9%), oleic (29.5%) and linoleic (27.8%) acids and a low content of arachidonic (0.4%) and pentadecanoic (0.8%) acids. We also established that silver birch pollen is characterized by high antioxidant activity. The measured value of TAA for aqueous pollen extracts was within 74.8–85.5%. For the ethanol extracts it was quantified within 60.3–95.0% and for the methanol extracts – 46.1–92.6%. The Tukey test was used to determine the differences between the means at a level of P < 0.05. A strong correlation coefficient (0.70) was defined between the protein content and the TAA of aqueous extracts. In general, the Ukrainian and Slovak samples of pollen differ in the fatty acid composition of lipids and aqueous and ethanol TAA extracts. Pollen of B. verrucosa should be used for diagnostic, therapeutic and prophylactic purposes as close as possible to the place of origin.

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Периодизация процесса натурализации тюльки (Clupeonella cultriventris) в Днепродзержинском и Кременчугском водохранилищах

Author(s): V. G. Tereshchenko,D. S. Khrystenko,L. I. Tereshchenko,A. B. Nazarov / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1/2013

Any species in new life conditions passes through several phases or stages of naturalization. Information about time of these phases is important for analysis of changes in invader population and understanding of the role of alien species in analysed water bodies. The aim of this work is to detect the time of occurrence of naturalization phases for the kilka in the Dniprodzerzhinsk and Kremenchug reservoirs. The analysed material includes the own data, archives of the Institute of Fisheries of the NAAS, commercial fishery statistics and literature sources. A dynamic phase portrait method was applied for detailing the time of beginning of different phases. It was established that kilka had been already present in the Dniprodzerzhinsk reservoir at the phase of II (reproduction) before its construction, and after 1967 it became the predominant pelagic species. As for the Kremenchug reservoir, kilka invaded that water body 4–5 years after its construction. It quickly passed phases I and II and by 1968 became abundant commercial species. Thus, it was found that kilka’s naturalization phases occurred differently in these nearby water bodies: in the future Dniprodzerzhinsk reservoir area, this species penetrated two years before impoundment; while in the Kremenchug reservoir it penetrated four years after the construction. Four to five years were needed for passing first three phases of kilka naturalization in the studied reservoirs. Faster progression of the phases I and II of its naturalization in the Kremenchug reservoir compared to the Dniprodzerzhinsk one indicates on better life conditions in the first water body at the moment of invasion. Currently, the studied kilka populations pass the phase IV of naturalization, which is characterized by fluctuation of population abundance.

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Накопление и локализация ионов натрия и калия в растениях кукурузы в условиях почвенного засоления

Author(s): S. N. Kabuzenko,A. V. Omelchenko,L. M. Mykhalska,V. V. Schwartau / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2013

The goal of this work is studying the accumulation and distribution of Na+ and K+ in maize hybrids of different salt tolerance under conditions of the chloride salinity. The new corn hybrid Veselka MV (salt-tolerant) and Odessa 375 MB (not salt-tolerant) were studied. The plants grown in salt-free chernozem soil are control. In the experiment, sodium chloride was dissolved in the irrigation water to form the salinity of test soils up to concentrations of 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0% of ovendry weight. Soil moisture in the pots was maintained at 60% of the full field water capacity, the air temperature was +25…+27 °C, and the light – 10 klux. Plant samples were dried in the oven under 70 °C. Then, the average sample of 10 specimens was thoroughly levigated in the porcelain pounder and dispersed in distilled water at 100 °C. The ions were extracted, and the extracts were centrifuged for 20 min at 3000 rpm. The ions content in the cell sap was analysed. Plant samples (1 g) were incubated 10 min in chloroform, dried carefully with filter paper, and then the cell sap was squeezed. 1 ml of clear top layer of the cell sap was dissolved in 10 ml of distilled water. Ions content was determined by the atomic absorption spectrophotometer ("Karl Zeiss", Germany). Salt-tolerant maize hybrid Veselka MW (14 days age) is characterized by an increased content of Na+ in the root tissues in comparison with the above-ground parts. In Odessa 375 MB hybrid this regularity is less pronounced. With the increase of sodium chloride concentration in the soil the content of Na+ in the aerial parts of plants rises. That may be connected with the reduced role of a root barrier. The salt-tolerant hybrid has a higher content of Na+ in the roots as compared to the above-ground parts. The content of K+ was higher in the above-ground parts, which is more pronounced in the salt-tolerant hybrid Veselka MB. The decrease of K+ in cell sap of the root under saline conditions was most pronounced in the salt-sensitive hybrid Odessa 375 MB. The salt-tolerant hybrid Veselka MB is characterized by accumulation of Na+ mainly in the roots, but a higher content of K+ in the aerial part of the plant. For salt-tolerant hybrids are characterized by a higher ratio of K+ / Na+ in the above-ground parts of plants as compared to the not salt-tolerant hybrid.

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Пластичність морфометричних ознак Calliphora vicina (Diptera, Calliphoridae) у постійних і мінливих температурних умовах культивування

Author(s): L. I. Faly,M. V. Shulman / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1/2013

Variability of the main morphometric features of imago flies Calliphora vicina R.-D. (Diptera, Calliphoridae) of two samples was studied. First sample consists of individuals caught in the wild (park ecosystems of Dnipropetrovsk), the second one – specimens cultured in the laboratory under the constant temperature and humidity. Possible using of C. vicina R.-D. as a bioindicator of anthropogenic factors is analysed. Environmental factors may act as the stimulators of adaptive changes in physiological functions, as the constraints that cause impossibility of the existence of certain species in particular conditions, and as modifiers that determine the morpho- anatomical and physiological changes in organisms. The most significant differences between studied samples were found for the width (“laboratory” individuals are characterized by larger head size) and for the length of limbs segments. The fluctuating range of the head width in specimens collected in the wild is much wider, due to the heterogeneity of the micro-climatic conditions of the larvae development and trophic resources. Maximal negative asymmetry of the head width is observed in individuals C. vicina R.-D. of the “natural” sample as compared with “laboratory” individuals. Among imagoes caught in the wild the individuals with a relatively wide head are dominated, as evidenced by the large positive value of kurtosis. At the same time, the distribution of values in “laboratory” individuals is almost normal. In adults bred in the laboratory the shortening of segments of the leg pair I is observed in comparison with the individuals of “natural” sample. Similar results were recorded for other insect groups cultivated in a laboratory. For most other linear measurements of the C. vicina R.-D. body the differences between samples are not registered. Ephemeral existence of the substrate of blow flies leads to higher prevailing evolutionary adaptation of species to varying micro-climatic conditions inside cadaveric material. A minor variation of morphometric characteristics indicates the resistance to changes in abiotic environmental factors. Thus, use of Calliphora vicina R.-D. (in the temperature range of +17…+28 °C) as an indicator species of changes in the environmental temperature factor is not appropriate.

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Реакції рослин конюшини на забруднення ґрунту солями цинку

Author(s): H. M. Denchilja-Sakal,V. I. Nikolaychuk,A. V. Kolesnik,M. М. Vakerich / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2012

It is studied the influence of zinc ions on growth, weight, and pigment system state of leaves of Trifolium pratense L. It is revealed that the root development of seedlings is suppressed more than above-ground parts. It is shown that under tenfold excess of MAC the leaves area decreased by 65–70 %in comparison with the control. It is ascertained the regularities of accumulation and distribution of zinc in the clover organs. It was found that with increasing concentration of the element in soil, its concentration in the plant grows to a certain extent, but under low concentrations it increases linearly. Thus, under the concentrations of zinc in soil (1, 5 and 10 MAC) its content in the roots increases 2–3 times and in the above-ground parts – by 1.5–2 times.

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Вплив гербіцидів дербі та аксіал на накопичення елементів живлення рослинами озимої пшениці

Author(s): L. M. Mykhalska,V. V. Schwartau / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2012

The effect of foliar treatment with herbicides Derby and Axial and amide nitrogen on the elements accumulation by winter wheat was studied. The simultaneous applying of Derby and Axial with carbamide contributed to higher accumulation of the trace elements – components of plants redox-system (iron and copper) as well as magnesium, potassium and boron which are important for the development of integrated systems of protection and nutrition of cultural plant.

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Еколого-ценотична структура байрачних дібров північного степу україни

Author(s): N. M. Nazarenko / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2012

Gully oak woods ecological and coenotical structure in Northern Steppe of Ukraine has been described. The natural occurrence of ecological and coenotical substitution series has been grounded. The typology of gully oak woods developed by Professor O. L. Belgard has been specified in detail. Complex nature of abiotic factors effect on gully oak woods forming has been shown.

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Вплив антропогенних факторів на активність трансфераз на фоні середовищетвірної функції ссавців

Author(s): O. Y. Pakhomov,O.M. Vasilyuk / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2012

Mammals’ environmental forming activity has great importance for the neutralisation of transformed technogenic and polluted soils. Mammals’ fossorial activity and excretions inhibit alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity by 59–62 % under the stabilizing effect of aspartate aminotransferase (AST). The toxic effect of zinc ions on water-soluble protein fraction under the combined effect of anthropogenic factors is shown. The combined effect of mammals fossorial activity and zinc increases the ALT activity (t/t0,05 = 1.15 and 1.42 respectively) against decreasing AST activity (t/t0,05 = 1.22 and 1.15). The great importance is given to simple and sensitive indicators of environmental changes: transaminases and water-soluble enzymes fractions connected with biosynthesis process.

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Фауна anostraca, notostraca и conchostraca харьковской области

Author(s): S. A. Sidorovsky / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2012

The species composition of the fauna of Anostraca, Notostraca and Conchostraca was studied in the Kharkiv region. Streptocephalus torvicornis (Waga, 1842) was found in the Kharkiv Region for the first time and Chirocephalus shadini (Smirnov, 1928) was recorded in Ukraine for the first time. More specific information on habitats of Drepanosurus birostratus (Fischer, 1851) and Tanymastix stagnalis Linnaeus, 1758 listed in the Red Data Book of Ukraine is presented.

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Геохимия ванадия в почвах лесных экосистем присамарья днепровского

Author(s): N. N. Tsvetkova,A. A. Dubina,Y. O. Tagunova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2012

Content and distribution of total and mobile forms of trace element Vanadium in the soils of forest and forb-fescue-stipa steppe ecosystems within the Prysamar’ja Dniprovske were studied. It was ascertained, that the gross content of Vanadium in these soils vary from 49 in the pinery-sod soil to 210 mg×kg–1 in chernozem improved by forest.The conent of mobile forms vary from 3 in chernozem to 20 mg×kg–1 in flood pratal-forest soil. Percentage of Vanadium mobility in studied soils was from 1.6 in top horizon of chernozem to 30 % in the mother rock of pinery-sod soil.

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Макрозообентос придунайского оз. Кривое в словиях антропогенного воздействия

Author(s): Y. M. Dzhurtubaev,M. M. Dzhurtubaev / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2012

In the summer of 2009 macrozoobenthos of the danubean Lake Crivoe, located in the Odessaarea was studied. 26 species of sponges, annelids, crustaceans, insects, gastropods and bivalves were revealed. In the upper and middle part of the lake 24 were found, in the lower one 9 species were detected. Oligochetes, and larvae of dragonflies and chironomids are characterised by the greatest number (up to 300 spec/m²), the greatest biomass was found for gastropod molluscs (to 17 g/m²). The total maximal number of the macrozoobenthos reached 880 spec/m² and biomass – 40.2 g/m². Benthic faunas of two lakes, Crivoe and Lung, were compared.

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Трофічні зв’язки pterostichus melanarius (coleoptera, carabidae) із домінантними видами безхребетних лісових екосистем степового придніпров’я

Author(s): O. V. Korolev,V. V. Brygadyrenko / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1/2012

The features of interrelations of Pterostichus melanarius (Illiger, 1798) with the soil and litter mesofauna species are considered. In the conditions of forest ecosystems of steppe Dnieper region P. melanarius demonstrates trophic preference for І order zoofagoes (body mass 8.0–31.9 mg) and also sapro- and phytofagoes (more than 128 mg of body mass). P. melanarius is able to change the trophic load between invertebrates’ populations depending on their number in the ecosystem. In comparison with the other ground beetle species, the P. melanarius has an extraordinarily wide trophic niche. That is one of principal reasons of the high quantity of P. melanarius in many anthropogenic and transformed ecosystems.

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Вплив іонів важких металів і цинкового комплексу на динаміку росту бактерій роду pseudomonas

Author(s): A. V. Krysenko,T. V. Sklyar,A. I. Vinnikov,N. V. Prischepa / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1/2012

The problem of wastewater treatment is one of the most pressing issues from the beginning of the century. A special role of the heavy metals in the pollution of the environment is due to their bioaccumulation, transfer through trophic chains, and high toxicity. Currently, advanced technologies for the wastewater treatment had been developed. Natural and cheap biological treatment methods of intensification of the natural processes of organic compounds decomposition by microorganisms under aerobic or anaerobic conditions are promising. Among important processes are nitrification and denitrification. That’s why a great attention is paid to the microorganisms that are capable to realize these processes. The processes of interaction of the heavy metals ions and microorganisms are of great interest not only from the standpoint of basic science, but also as a possible use in biotechnological processes.

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Сезонна динаміка кисневого режиму лотичної екосистеми (на прикладі р. Малий сірет)

Author(s): U. V. Legeta,D. G. Gavryloe / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1/2012

Seasonal changes of the content of dissolved oxygen in the surface water of the Small Siret river have been analyzed. Significant contributions of Ukrainian scientists (Chernega, Yushchenko, Yavkin) in the development of certain aspects of the subject have been outlined. The indication methods of the background and unique territories (the benchmark for the monitoring of the Small Siret river basin) have been proposed and tested.

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Фітотоксичний вплив SO2, NO2 та іонів свинцю на вегетативні органи декоративних рослин

Author(s): О. P. Pryimak / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1/2012

Influence of acid gases and lead ions on the vegetative organs of decorative plants has been studied in a model experiment. The morphometric indices of stem and assimilative apparatus are considered. Changes of the plants height and assimilating area are described. The damage of plants’ sprouts was found. The phytotoxic effect of SO2, NO2 and lead ions on the growth and development of the above-ground organs was determined. The Tagetes patula L. is a resistant to the action of acid gases and lead ions. Calendula officinalis L., Salvia splendens L. and Chrysanthemum leucanthemum L. were determined to be most sensitive to the influence of by SO2, NO2 and Pb2+ respectively.

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Використання мікробіологічного препарату «тамір» для очищення комунально-побутових стічних вод

Author(s): D. V. Skvortsova,A. G. Trokhymenko / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1/2012

An optimal concentration of the microbiological preparation «Tamir» was determined for the effective purufication process of the sewage. The factors influencing the process and the time history of the major chemical and bacteriological parameters in the samples are discussed. The preparation exterminates pathogenic bacteria in the water, deodorizes the air, increases the efficiency of the treatment facilities. It is supposed that the «Tamir» use would be economically sound.

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Влияние низкочастотной вибрации на кислотную резистентность эритроцитов

Author(s): O. I. Dotsenko,A. M. Mischenko / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2011

The influence of low-frequency vibration (frequency range 8–32 Hz, amplitudes 0.5 ± 0.04 and 0.9 ± 0.08 mm) on the erythrocytes’ acid resistance was studied. The kinetics of various hemolysis stages was investigated. The time-frequency dependences of the kinetics constants of hemolysis stages were obtained and discussed. It was shown that 8–16 Hz vibration with the 0.5 mm amplitude and 8 Hz with 0.9 mm causes destructive reorganizations of a cytoplasm’s water-protein structure. It leads to decrease in a permeability barrier for a hemolytic agent. As a result of oxidizing stress the vibration in the frequency range of 20–32 Hz causes the modifying reactions leading to the aggregation of cellular proteins and, in particular, the band 3 protein.

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Віталітетна структура популяцій деяких видів бур’янів у посівах зернових культур

Author(s): E. M. Tikhonova / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1/2011

Features of development of populations of weed species (Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop., Sonchus arvensis L., Melandium album (Mill.) Garke, Setaria glauca (L.) Beauv., Fallopia convolvulus (L.) А. Lоve) in most typical crops in the forest-steppe zone of the Sumy region. It was studied the crop sowings (winter wheat, rye, barley, buckwheat, pea) which was not subjected to the herbicide treatment.

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Формування запасів підстилки на суходільних луках лівобережного лісостепу україни

Author(s): L. D. Orlova / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1/2011

The accumulation of litter on upland meadows in the studied area was calculated as 30.9–190.1 g/m2. For convenience the reserves can be divided into three groups. Depending on the weather conditions (temperature and rainfall) the litter consists of particular groups and has specific content of solid matter. The energy content of the studied meadows’ litter fluctuated in the range of 36.9–837.0 kkal/m2 and depends on the part of grass stand: upper, middle or lower one.

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Життєвий стан деревних насаджень парку ім. Т. Г. Шевченка м. Запоріжжя

Author(s): A. S. Yalovenko / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1/2011

The tree plantation’s vital status of the Shevchenko Park in Zaporizhzhya city was estimated according to N. P. Krasinsky’s method modified by Y. Z. Kulagin. The vitality of individual plants and stands as a whole was assessed according to V. A. Alekseev. The growth class of tree stands and the influence of the age class on the forest capacity class were determined. The defectiveness of tree stems in the park was estimated.

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