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Outdoor programs are a traditional form of environmental education. In this chapter, we open the main question of this book: How should these programs be designed to fulfill their potential? The chapter outlines the methodological approach applied, describes the Real World Learning Model developed to promote the quality of these programs, and introduces the programs we analyzed to find the answers.
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In this chapter, we summarize the relevant literature on conceptual development and link it with the practice of the programs we analyzed in our study. While we found many examples of good practice, we also identified certain limitations. Based on these findings, we discuss potential opportunities for connecting outdoor environmental education programs more closely with school curricula and for sharing some level of control over the programs between program leaders and school teachers.
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This chapter returns to some of the issues mentioned in the previous parts of the book, reflecting on them from the perspective of the participating students and accompanying teachers. We found that students’ and teachers’ perceptions of the programs sometimes differ from what program leaders and designers might expect. Regardless of the high level of students’ and teachers’ satisfaction with the programs, the chapter opens a discussion of how their expectations need to be balanced with the programs’ aims.
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This chapter weaves together all the threads defined in the Real World Learning Model and discussed in this book. It goes back to some of the questions tackled in the previous chapters, highlighting the main crossroads. In particular, the chapter reviews how decisions made about outdoor environmental education programs’ aims, distribution of power, framing of the learning experience, communication of values, and facilitation of experiential learning influence one another, and what impact they have on the other aspects of designing these programs.
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Getting to know the world through one's own research experience creates conditions for an active process of transformation of scholastic knowledge into an active relationship with the environment. A person who has made their practical research and on this basis has drawn specific conclusions, does not forget them throughout their life. The report therefore seeks to answer the question „How to organise the research activity of the young students in the field of ecology?“.
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According to the accepted classification, there are seagoing ships and inland waterway vessels. According to their purpose, they are subdivided into small vehicles, passenger ships and hotel ships, cargo ships and container ships and tankers. Depending on the transported cargo, they are for bulk cargo, passenger cargo, self-propelled cargo, mixed, special purpose - scientific, navigation, military. Fire safety requirements vary from vessel to vessel. The publication examines the features and differences of fire safety for seagoing ships and inland waterway vessels.
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Toys have an important effect on the development of children, who are our future. Toys having such an importance should be handled sensitively in the design process. With industrialization, toy designs are mostly realized through factories. The designs of toys produced in the factories focus on plastic and its derivatives. Today, sustainable designs in toys are among the products preferred by parents. There are many types of sustainable toys. In this direction, the effect of sustainable products on the design of wooden toys is the aim of the research. In order to achieve this aim, a descriptive analysis of the data obtained by using document analysis, one of the qualitative research methods, was made. Necessary evaluations were made by examining the studies and approaches related to sustainable designs in toys. In this direction, suggestions have been put forward for the studies that can be done for the dissemination of sustainability in toy design. Finally, in the light of the data obtained during the research process, it was concluded that parents pay more attention to the choice of wooden and sustainable toys they would buy for their children.
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Throughout history, earthquakes have been the most threatening after wars for the structures that people have built outside of caves and natural life shelters. Although there are many things that people can do against earthquakes, the most important of these measures is the earthquake resistance of the structures of the societies living in the earthquake zone. However, the economic and social structures of societies sometimes put the measures to be taken against earthquakes into the background. However, individual measures alone are not enough to reduce the devastating consequences of the earthquake. A society must take the necessary measures as a whole. For this, first of all, the approach of constructing earthquake resistant structures in that society must be established, the society must have sufficient economic resources, education and most importantly, sufficient level of awareness. In this respect, it is important to consider the social approaches to the causes and consequences of the earthquake within the framework of the behavioral economy perspective. It is necessary to scrutinize the established social and economic approaches to earthquakes in the society for a better understanding of the subject. Thus, by evaluating the earthquake reality with a broad perspective, it can contribute to a structural and realistic change and transformation in terms of reducing the consequences of the earthquake. When the earthquake that took place in the Anatolian peninsula is evaluated, it is observed that although the earthquake has been a part and reality of social life throughout history, it has been observed that neglect and inadequate measures have taken the lead in reducing its consequences. Indeed, the Anatolian peninsula has hosted many civilizations throughout history. While these civilizations developed and prospered on this peninsula, which has fertile lands surrounded by seas on three sides, experiencing four seasons, on the other hand, it has faced earthquakes. These earthquakes caused great destruction and subsequent great migrations.
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In 1990-2018, the Turkish economy has higher annual growth rates than the world in terms of annual average GDP, financial development, population, exports, fossil fuel use, and CO2 emissions. While this situation makes the Turkish economy an important economy for the increase of the global economy, it also makes it an important country for reducing global environmental degradation. Therefore, in this study, the effect of financial development and globalization on ecological footprint, which is an important indicator of environmental quality in Turkey, is investigated. For this, the variables of financial development, globalization, economic growth, energy consumption, and ecological footprint were used as annual data for the period 1990-2018. The stationarity of the variables was investigated with standard-ADF and Fourier-ADF tests. The cointegration relationship between the variables was tested with the Fourier Engle-Granger cointegration test, which has been introduced to the literature in recent years. FMOLS, DOLS, and CCR estimators were used for long-term coefficient estimation. According to the research findings, it has been seen that globalization is a more effective tool than financial development in reducing the ecological footprint. For this reason, globalization offers very important opportunities for the solution of environmental problems in Turkey.
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Yeşil tahviller günümüzün gelişen ve bu gelişmeye bağlı olarak birçok çevre ve enerji sorununu da beraberinde getiren dünyamızda yerini alan yeni bir finansal araçtır. Yeşil tahviller, iklim değişimi, yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları, enerji verimliliği, bio çeşitlilik ve düşük karbon gibi çevreye fayda sağlayan birçok projeyi finanse etmek için, finansal sistem içerisindeki sabit getirili borçlanma senetlerini ifade etmektedir. Yeşil tahviller ile geleneksel tahvillerin kullanım amaçları dışında farklılıkları bulunmamaktadır. Yeşil tahviller, çevreye fayda sağlayacak olan projelerin istikrarlı ve sürdürülebilir olmaları için uzun vadeli bir finansman yatırımı olarak kabul edilmektedir (Park, vd. 2020:2).
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As a result of large-scale migration waves from rural areas to cities with the industrial revolution, people forced to live indoors and the intense pace of business life has affected people negatively. For this reason, people have started to tend towards areas where they can relax and have a pleasant time in their spare time. In addition, the preference of people to go to well-known destinations, especially on holidays, has led to the formation of overcrowding in these destinations. Accordingly, due to mass tourism, the carrying capacity of destinations with tourism potential has been exceeded and the environment has been damaged, and the concept of sustainability has emerged depending on the awareness of the pressure on the environment. This situation has shown its effect on the emergence of the concept of ecotourism. Ecotourism contributes to the protection of the natural and cultural environment, to transfer the cultural heritage to future generations, to ensure the continuity of biodiversity, to increase the welfare of the local people, to increase social relations, and to both countries and local people economically. In this context, the perception of the local people about ecotourism is important. At this point, the development of ecotourism is directly proportional to the perception of the local people. The aim of this study is to measure the ecotourism perception of the people living in Kilis city center. For this purpose, face-to-face interviews were conducted with 15 people. This study was designed as a qualitative research. The interview was examined by making suggestions for the answers given by the participants to the questions.
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Turkey is located in the Eastern Mediterranean, one of the regions that is anticipated to be most affected by the climate crisis, and is designated by the United Nations (UN) as being “vulnerable to the impacts of climate change”. The likelihood of rising average temperatures and decreasing rainfall across the country is already escalating inequality in a number of areas, including food security, rural development, access to clean water, and income distribution. This highlights how the climate crisis in Turkey is both an environmental and a development concern.
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The exploitation of the forests comprised felling and the development of forest assortments, their removal, transportation, sale and delivery to customers, i.e. for the increased demand for wood, which in the 19th and 20th century became part of capitalist relations. In this respect, the economic value of the forest was an issue of great significance for the strengthening of the economic life, in concert with the sustainability of forest cover, presupposing surveys of utilization and afforestation for the purpose of rational forest economy as well as of the regular management of and revenue from forestry. Special attention was drawn to the significance of forests/timber and caused this raw material to contribute to the development of greater economies and the inclusion of the branch in the industrialisation of the country. In this respect oak stood out due to its fineness and regular growth rings, its elasticity, undemanding processing methods, yellow gold colour and particularly to its dimensions. Because of this use, the forests became a source of enrichment for many, but particularly for foreigners who possessed the necessary capital for faster felling, for the construction of sawmills and the export of timer to other countries. As a result, forests in Slavonia and throughout Croatia tended to disappear, despite the fact that part of the timber sales was invested into the afforestation of state forests.
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Lipnice nad Sázavou is a historical municipality, formerly a town in the Havlíčkův Brod District in the Vysočina Region. It is located at an altitude of 580m above sea level on the dominant landscape ridge on the border of middle and upper Posázaví. The municipality was founded at the beginning of the 14th century and has a rich history associated with the dominant feature of the village - Lipnice Castle. The castle was the residence of important aristocratic families, especially in the Middle Ages, and the townlet under the castle provided the economic background of the castle
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Climate change is an environmental, social, cultural and political phenomenon which has led to a bitter controversy among political leaders, social movements, and activists. The aim of this case study is to analyze lexical innovations in climate change discourse in the micro-blogging service Twitter, and more in particular, in the use of English language through hashtags by a new generation of young activists, NGOs, and American and European politicians and organizations in the time frame from 2015 to 2020. By means of this case study, we prove that, through the creativity of hashtags, Twitter users can take part in the heart of a discussion related to climate change leading to a valuable interpretive framework.
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Lipnice nad Sázavou je historická obec, dříve město, v okrese Havlíčkův Brod, v Kraji Vysočina. Je položená ve výšce 580 m n. m. na dominantní krajinné vyvýšenině na pomezí středního a horního Posázaví. Obec byla založena na počátku 14. století a má bohatou historii spojenou s dominantou obce – hradem Lipnicí. Hrad byl zejména ve středověku sídlem významných šlechtických rodů a podhradní městečko bylo hospodářským zázemím hradu.
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The paper discusses the intersection of sports and technology, focusing on trends related to globalization and technology in professional sports. Forecasting provides insights into how sports will develop up to 2030, identifying current trends and available data. The modern trends visible in sports are divided into three categories: globalization, technology, and performance. The paper focuses mainly on how globalization breaks national borders through sports and how sports contribute to climate change. It also examines how technology is being used to push the boundaries of human capabilities. The article explores the potential impact of technologies such as e-sports, artificial intelligence, data analytics, cryptocurrencies, blockchain, and virtual reality in sports. A result is several hypotheses that indicate the world of sports in 2030.
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Some smaller cities in the Czech Republic are undergoing significant territorial development. However, the rapid growth of the city, in combination with socio-economic changes, leads to substantial pressure on the city's economy, residents and the environment. Therefore, in further developing the territory, emphasis must be placed on its sustainable development. Using the example of Kuřim, this article shows what effect its growth can bring. Currently, the construction of a new residential district of Záhoří is taking place, the completion of which will cause a rapid increase in the number of inhabitants in Kuřim. The paper's main goal is to evaluate the impact of its planned development in the following years based on the analysis of the current situation in the city of Kuřim. This evaluation is based on the fundamental pillars of sustainable development, i.e. economic, social and environmental. The newly built residential complex will create a new public space in the city, which will function as an independent unit. The land will be taken economically during construction, and the necessary civic amenities will be created. Due to the geographical proximity of the city of Brno, the current high offer of jobs and the creation of new ones, the unemployment rate is not expected to increase.
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The transport sector is one of the largest sources of greenhouse gas emissions, making a significant contribution to climate change. As the tourism sector is linked to movement in space and the choice of transport mode, it is also affected by the issue of sustainability. The paper aims to evaluate what factors influence the choice of sustainable transport mode on the way to the destination and determine the importance of environmental attitudes of tourism participants in their decision-making process. Similarly, the connection between sustainable behaviour in the home environment and the willingness to pay extra for a greener transport mode is investigated. A questionnaire was compiled based on relevant scientific literature. It was distributed electronically in the period October– November 2021, primarily among respondents in the age group of 18–35 years, which is widely discussed in the scientific literature. In a sample of 255 respondents, respondents with a greener mindset gave higher importance to the environmental impact of the transport mode and were willing to pay more for greener mode. Although the plane was one of the most widely used modes, there was a larger proportion in a more sustainable mode of transport among more environmentally friendly respondents.
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Stocks of natural resources are decreasing at a high rate worldwide, considering that the level of their exploitation is much higher than the rate of natural renewal. In order to respond to the substantial and complex challenges of climate change and the transition to a more sustainable economy, in 2021 the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and the Intrinsic Exchange Group (IEG) have introduced a new class of listed companies on the New York Stock Exchange whose activities are firmly linked to the benefits provided by nature (ecosystem services). Natural asset companies (NACs) enable owners to convert the value of nature into capital, using it to reinvest in natural resources in order to protect them. Natural asset companies represent a potentially major shift in the corporate sector globally, bringing together the interests of capital owners for profit and governments for sustainable development. Investors –interest in investing in these companies is very high, because the innovative class of assets on the New York Stock Exchange rejects the assumption that the preservation of natural resources is only a cost. The new category of companies also initiates a series of new challenges in the financial and accounting sector, related to the development of accounting solutions for integrating natural assets into financial statements. The main goal of our research is to examine the impact of the trend of sustainable business and new natural asset companies on the corporate and public sector in Bosnia and Herzegovina and what will be the role of natural assets in changes in business operations and financial reporting in the future
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