Savremena građanska misao u djelu Huseina Ćišića

Author(s): Alen Zečević / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 17/2018

The author deals with the political thought of Hussein Ćišić, emphasizing his work during the Second World War and the pre-war period until 1946. The aim of the paper is to reconstruct the civic thought as the most important aspect of his political and national beliefs and we will do so based on the written documents that Husein Ćišić submitetd to the Constitutional Assembly in 1946 while he was a member of the Bosnia and Herzegovina Parliamentary Club

POLISH IMMIGRANTS IN THE USA AND THEIR HOMELAND 1914-1923

Author(s): Adam Walaszek / Language(s): English Issue: 33+34/1998

The movement to liberate Poland from the three empires that had partitioned it in the 18th century started in the United States in the 1880’s, and, even though it was rent with divisions, the various émigré groups did manage to unite during World War I to achieve their goal. Furthermore, American Poles continued to actively support the new Poland until 1923 by sending large sums of money to their resurrected state, by the return of about 100,000 Poles from the United States to their homeland, and by their investment in over 200 new enterprises. All these factors helped to put Poland on a better economic footing, and, therefore, American Poles contributed substantially to the liberation of their homeland during and immediately after World War I.

Hitlerove geopolitičke koncepcije 1922— 1939—1943.

Author(s): Radovan Pavić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 01+02/1985

The ideas and practice of Lebensraum and territorial conquest are essential components of fascism. The Nazi geopolitical concept of blood and soil was in effect the prelude to the idea of Lebensraum. Tins concept implies the idea that a nation is tied to its soil, the corresponding natural and cultural milieu and historical tradition. This is why, for example. Hitler did not see a solution to the "Sudeten question" in the removal of the Sudeten Germans to Germany but rather in the conquest of the Sudeten territory. At the same time, in stressing the linkage of the nation to territory, attention is drawn to the shortage of space for the existence of present and future generations, and to the need to obtain it by conquest. For Hitler, this space for future massive peasant colonisation is to be found in the East. The treatment of space in Nazism has three distinct aspects: (a) revanchist, provoked by the reduction of the German Lebensraum by the Treaty of Versailles; (b) conquest, reflected in the efforts to occupy new Euroasian Lebensraum; and (c) colonial, reflected in the ambition to restore old and win new colonies. All three aspects are considered in detail, together with the causes of the failure of Hilter's "new colonialism".

"Nisu dali gospodaru 'z ruk...“. Starost u prigorskim i zagorskim selima između dva svjetska rata

Author(s): Suzana Leček / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 23/2000

The paper deals with the position of the elderly in the complex families of the Prigorje and Hrvatsko Zagorje regions in the time period between the World War I and the World War II. It aims at answering the questions until what age do people maintained the power within their families, how was this power expressed, and how their work and ownership over land influenced their maintenance of authority. The paper also warns about the differences between the widowers and widows, shown through the differences in the land ownership.

Za creskim stolom. Tradicijska prehrana u strukturi lokalne kulture

Author(s): Aleksandra Muraj / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 20/1997

The study deals with the nutrition which was customary among the rural population on the north-Adriatic island of Cres in the first half of the 20th century. Since the farmers produced most of the food on their own family estates, the study sheds light upon a whole range of activities, from food production to eating habits. Thus in the first chapter the author describes a local farming unit, as well as the technology and instruments used by the Cres farmers for the production of crops and flour, grapes and wine, olives and olive oil, fruit and vegetables, milk and meat. The chapter on food preparation contains the descriptions of a number of appliances and gadgets, as well as the customary culinary procedures, which were used to make bread, rolls and pastiy; stews and fruit dishes; meat and sea-food dishes; dishes based on dairy products; beverages. The eating habits of this social group were manifested in everyday life, on special occasions (such as births, weddings, funerals, harvests, olive pressing and others), as well as at folk and religious festivals which were marked with some special dishes. Besides other relevant sources (ethnological and other professional literature, written ethnographic and visual documents, etc.), the study was based on the statements given by 14 Cres inhabitants during the author's field research in 1988. Through a number of statements by the local people, which were analysed with regard to their natural and social environmnet, the author sought to determine the relationship of a Cres farmer with the island's natural resources; she tried to gain an insight into his co-existence with nature and thus establish to what extent the tradition determined certain features of his cultural being.

System korporacyjny portugalskiego Nowego Państwa (1933–1974)

Author(s): Mieczysław Jagłowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 79/2018

The article outlines a historical and structural panorama of the Portuguese corporate system in the period of the New State (1933–1974), in reference to the political, Portuguese and European context of its functioning. Arguments of António de Oliveira Salazar are brought up, the chief architect of this system and form of government of the New State, for its establishment, and opinions of the main Portuguese political and social forces about the idea. There are also economic, political and social effects of the corporate system presented, together with the circumstances of its abolishment after the Carnation Revolution (1974).

Majsko drvo u procesu promjene

Author(s): Lela Roćenović / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 12/1989

This article, based on the author’s fieldwork in Lipovljani and Samobor (Croatia), shows how the maypole, an element of an ancient custom round the feast days of St. Philip and St. Jacob, has adapted to the changing social, cultural and political circumstances between the beginning of this century and the present day. The dynamics of change arce traced through its various forms and meanings, beginning with the magic meaning in relation to the vegetation, and ending with the meaning that the maypole has for the community: marking the transition to an older age group, reflecting the community’s care for marriage among its members, helping to achieve identity among different groups of people, all the way to its inclusion into May Day festivities, as part of the iconography celebrating the Day of Labor in socialist Yugoslavia and reaction of catholic church on this changing.

DRUŠTVENO-POLITIČKI ANGŽMAN BOŠNJAKA SANDŽAKA, U PERIODU IZMEĐU DVA SVJETSKA RATA, NA PUTU ZAŠTITE NACIONALNOG I VJERSKOG IDENTITETA, S POSEBNIM OSVRTOM NA JUGOSLOVENSKU MUSLIMANSKU ORGANIZACIJU I DŽEMIJJET EL ISLAMI

Author(s): Admir Muratović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 13 (3)/2014

After the World War I, Bosniaks were trying to regain reunion of Sanjak or at least its autonomy through political reorganizing. MNO, later renamed to JMO was a swivel, centre of political turmoils and a Bosniaks' symbol of fighting for human rights. One of the most important personalities in that period was certainly dr Mehmed Spaho, scholar and connoisseur of Islamic law. His greatest achievement was considered to be a 'turkish paragraph' in which the only country that has remained complete is Bosnia and Herzegovina. In the meanwhile, Bosniaks in Sanjak are experiencing marginalization due to a huge deceit by Radicals. It caused forming a political party along with Albanians. It was named Dzemijjetul-Islami (Islamic society) and later on, under the accusation of acting against the State, was extinguished.

Starci kao čuvari narodnih tradicija u prozi I. G. Kovačića

Author(s): Maja Kožić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 8/1985

In seinem Werk hat I. G. Kovačič viele Seiten der Beschreibung des Bauemlebens in einem Teil der Lanschaft Gorski Kotar gewidmet. Dabei ist er sichtlich von emer Schicht des Bauemvolkes beeindruckt, die durch ein ungeschriebenes Gesetz bestimmt ist, die Verbindung mit den Traditionen zu wahren. Diese Schicht sind die Alten. Seine Erzählungen befassen sich mit der Zeit vom Beginn des ersten Weltkrieges bis zum Vorabend des zweiten, mit einer Geschichtlichen Situation also, in der das Leben der Landbevölkerung in einem dramatischen Wandel begriffen war. In der Brüchen, die dadurch entstanden, waren gerade diese Alten die einzigen Träger der beharrlichen Kontinuität von Anschauungen und Lebensformen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird gezeigt, wie I. G. Kovačič in seinen Prosawerken das Leben der Alten auf dem Lande beschreibt und wie er in ihnen die Bewahrer der Tradition und der nationalen Gefühle sieht. Dazu sagt er selber: » . . . Die alten Frauen und Männer haben mit Eifersucht und als Heiligtum all das bewahrt, worauf unsere, des kroatischen Volkes, Begeisterung und Stolz begründet sind. Die Grossmüter und die Grossväter haben uns unser altes und grosses kroatisches Hertz bewahrt.«

Težnje i ostvarenja organologije u Hrvatskoj do 1941 godine

Author(s): Krešimir Galin / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 6-7/1984

This article is an attempt at presenting the tendencies in the development of organology as a special branch of ethnomusicology dealing with music instruments. The author remarks that in Croatia, after the synthetic work of F. Kuhač, most works were of narrower scope and ethnographic or ethnological orientation, although the musicological approach became ever more expressed. The balance of these approaches and a high scientific standard was best achieved by B. Sirota in his mature works. Synthetic analysis at a higher scientific and methodological level still remains a challenge and unrealized aspiration of Croatian organology. Its development is facilitated by the perfection of collection methods and data recording techniques.

Štrekljeva zbirka ljudskih pesmi ob prelomu stoletja

Author(s): Marko Terseglav / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 6-7/1984

The author presents the most significant work of the Slovene folklorist and Slavist Karl Štrekeli, the book Slovenske narodne pesmi 1— 4 (1895—1923). He also discloses historical and social background which influenced the publication of the collection. Strekelj's scientific views, particularly his stand towards the folk culture, are introduced, and his works appraised. The author revises some earlier evaluations of Strekelj's opus, made by Strekelj’s contemporaries and followers. By pointing to both deficiencies and still valid aspects of Strekelj's work, the author qualifies his contribution as exceptional for Slovenian folkloristics. He emphasizes, however, the necessity of historical approach since by using contemporary criteria Strekelj’s work would be misprized.

Novija istraživanja o Josipu Lovretiću kao etnografu

Author(s): Manda Svirac / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 6-7/1984

This research is based exclusively on data from manuscripts and Lovretić’s autobiography. It is an addition to previous studies about Lovretić by Balentović and Lechner; it confirms their results, systematizes the life and work of Lovretić, and presents him as a precursor of Croatian ethnology. Lovretić did not merely collect data and systematize it according to a ready-made pattern; rather, he advanced his own conception of writing which — as is documented in certain archives — helped Antun Radić, the founder of Croatian ethnology, to construct his Osnova (Notes and Queries...) for collection and study of materials on folk life.

„Postat ćemo Jugoslaveni ili ćemo ostati ono što jesmo”: češka manjina i pitanje državljanstva u međuratnoj Jugoslaviji

Author(s): Vlatka Dugački / Language(s): English,Croatian Issue: 9/2015

Based on archival material stored in the State Archives in Bjelovar, the Croatian State Archives in Zagreb and Czech-minority publications the author wishes to reconstruct the question of obtaining citizenship for the members of the Czech minority in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, later the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, taking the Bjelovar-Bilogora County as the representative one, since it had the largest number of members of the Czech minority living in it. The intention is to show how (un)resolving the question of citizenship affected minority attitudes towards key political events and governing structures of that time period and how it reflected on that minority’s wishes and needs, which largely determined further guidelines for their activities, as well as their role in the political life of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, later the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.

Dječje igre u okolici Zagreba

Author(s): Maja Kožić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 10/1980

The author has participated in the research of the surroundings of Zagreb which has been carried out for several years. She has been working on the theme: Games and Recreation. This is report on the part of the collected data which deal with children’s games. The games included here are in the first place those that belong to the past, that live only in the memories of older generations. Since the conditions of life in villages near Zagreb changed essentially during last twenty years or so, there are obvious changes in the content of children’s games too. The investigated theme encompasses data from the beginning of the 20th century to the present. The research took into account several factors necessary for the classification of the games: the sex and age of children, the individual or collective nature of games, space in which they are played, and the season of the year when they are played. Special attention has been paid to boys' games in the open, performed mostly while tending cattle on village pastureland. These games have competitive characteristics and reveal the need of a child to attain a distinguished position among his peers. Some of these games are recorded in detail just because they are not any more a part of the living repertoire of the games of today’s young generation. Besides games, some other kinds of children’s activities are mentioned, such as: hunting and fishing, making music instruments, swings, and walking crutches.

Pogled na 200 godina etnološke znanosti

Author(s): Branimir Bratanić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 5-6/1976

Naslov ovoga kratkoga prikaza, pogotovu kad se radi o etnološkoj znanosti, a ne samo o sakupljačkoj i opisivačkoj djelatnosti, koja je i u etnologiji veoma stara, može se učiniti neobičnim. Jer navikli smo - prema najraširenijem shvaćanju - početak etnologije kao znanosti stavljati na početak druge polovice 19. stoljeća (dakle pred kojih 100-115 godina), premda je poznato da se pokušaji interpretacije etnografsko-etnoloških podataka nalaze u pojedinih pisaca, naročito filozofa, već od 16. stoljeća, a česti su u 18. stoljeću. No to su u najboljem slučaju samo preteče etnologije, a o posebnoj znanosti tada se još ne može govoriti.

Astronomer and Metrologist Fricis Blumbahs (1864–1949)

Author(s): Jānis Kaminskis,Jānis Klētnieks / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2015

Fricis Blumbahs (Fritz Blumbach) was one of the first Latvians to acquire higher education in astronomy and he made an outstanding contribution to the culture and science of Latvia during his lifetime. He is known as a research assistant of the prominent Russian scientist Dmitri Mendeleev in the development of metric system of measurement in Russia, in researches in metrology and astronomy, made in cooperation with leading scientists from Western countries of that time. In his old age, Blumbahs became professor of astronomy at the Latvian University and the first Honorary Academician of the Academy of Sciences of Latvian SSR , established in 1946.

Problem rozgraniczenia Sowietów z Finlandią, 1917–1922

Author(s): Wojciech Materski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2018

The study deals with one of the important episodes of the collapse of the Russian Empire. It analyses the changes of the Bolsheviks’ policy towards Finland, and resulting actions – from the initial recognition of independence of the former Great Duchy of Finland through attempts to provide it with revolutionary “brotherly aid”, to a peace treaty forced by the current circumstances after a defeat in the war with Poland and the failure of the concept of growing revolution.

Obraz Polaków w szkoleniu światopoglądowym niemieckiej Policji Porządkowej w Generalnym Gubernatorstwie (1939–1945)

Author(s): Marcin Przegiętka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2018

The article deals with a negative image of Polish people created in line with the propaganda of the Third Reich by the ideological trainings for the German Ordnungspolizei (Order Police) in the General Government in 1939–45. The image was based on negative stereotypes popular in Germany that dehumanized the population of the occupied country; this was not without influence on the attitudes and behaviour of functionaries of the German Order Police.

Państwowa edukacja w konfrontacji z nauczaniem Kościoła. Uwagi na marginesie książki Marka Jakubiaka „Relacje państwo-Kościół katolicki na tle polityki oświatowo-wychowawczej sanacji”

Author(s): Przemysław Sołga / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2018

Wizyta polskich naukowców w Szczecinie i w Wolinie w 1935 roku

Author(s): Paweł Migdalski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 84/2018

The paper deals with the causes, preparations, course and results of the expedition of Polish scholars from Poznań in October 1935 with the aim of getting acquainted with the German archaeological excavations on Wolin. The paper is based on so far unused source materials. The expedition is presented within the context of the political and scholarly relations between Poland and Germany.