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„Płeć męska” i „płeć słaba”. Kobiety w Occupatio Odona z Cluny

Author(s): Karolina Białas / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The aim of the paper is to present the image of women according to a 10th-century poem Occupatio written by Odo of Cluny. Odo describes his own vision of anthropology and human fall with particular emphasis on the role of Eve. She was the first channel of sin which affected all mankind. Odo presents female nature as extremely sinful. Women are associated only with carnal sins and lust, they cannot have any spiritual values. Occupatio is compared to Odo’s sermon in honour of Mary Magdalene to indicate the differences between two ways of presenting feminity in both sources.

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„Dwulicowa istota”. Wizerunek Marii Kazimiery w dziewiętnastowiecznej prasie kobiecej

Author(s): Agnieszka Goluch / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The aim of the text is to analyse the figure of queen Maria Kazimiera (17th c.), the wife of Jan III Sobieski, in the 19th c. women’s press. The paper focuses on four issues: Maria Kazimiera’s character, her appearance, queen as a wife and as a mother. The article shows negative attitude towards politically active women, especially those who were foreigners.

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Złe emocje u znakomitych mistrzyń sportu, czyli o konflikcie między Haliną Konopacką a Jadwigą Wajsówną na arenach sportowych w dwudziestoleciu międzywojennym

Author(s): Igor Michał Niewiadomski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The author of the essay tries to deal with the relationship between two Polish athletes – Halina Konopacka and Jadwiga Wajsówna. The main purpose of the article is to show the history of these two sportswomen which later influenced their not always easy relation. The text was prepared on the basis of the press articles, memories of Halina Konopacka, and Jadwiga Wajs. While analysing this last source, it is necessary to focus on the structure of the text or visible traces of censorship and not only on the basic events. The conclusions were compared with the statements in other published books.

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Kiedy kobieta zabija… Portrety zabójczyń w polskim dyskursie publicznym

Author(s): Anna Suska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article focuses on the way in which Polish media report murders committed by women and how it influences the perception of female killers in public discourse. The research describes social and media reactions to the three most common types of female killers: the perpetrator of the murder of a partner as a result of domestic violence’s acts, infanticide and a killer of a stranger. The research uses the linguistic and qualitative analysis of news releases relating to each of the types mentioned.

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Życie codzienne Anny Jagiellonki w latach 1564–1572

Author(s): Patrycja Czarnecka / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The aim of this article is to reconstruct Anna Jagiellon’s everyday life in the light of her correspondence from the years 1564–1572. Due to her long life, the author focuses only on the short but stable period which began when she had moved to Warsaw in 1564 and ended when her brother, king Sigismund II Augustus, died. Daily life of the royal family member was strictly connected to the idea of a “royal court”. On the one hand, “the court” was defined as an organization consisting of officials, servants and others who were close to the princess but on the other hand, it was also the place where she lived. The article focuses on people who were mentioned in her letters, places where she spent most of her time and her everyday activities.

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Królewskie zdrowie – kondycja fizyczna Zygmunta III Wazy

Author(s): Martyna Góra / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article refers to the health issue of Sigismund III Vasa – the ruler of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (1587–1632) as well as King of Sweden (1592–1599). The main goal of the article is to indicate the impact of the aforementioned factor on the kingship. The article focuses on king’s diseases, their symptoms and treatment. The author analyzes monarch’s health since his birth until his death. As it turns out, health had a significant influence on the rule. Whether the king would be disposable or not depended on it.

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Książęca codzienność w cieniu wielkiej polityki. Fryderyk Ludwik książę Walii w latach 1736–1751

Author(s): Magdalena Makówka / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The purpose of this article is to describe the daily life of Frederick Louis Prince of Wales (1707–1751). Frederick had many passions including theatre, art collecting (he was an owner of a great collection of paintings) and gardening. The relationship between Frederick and his parents was very weak throughout his entire life. The author examined the most important stages of his life in the light of the archival material describing his everyday activities, family relations and political beliefs.

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Porównanie wpływu wybranych aspektów (prawo, religia, medycyna) na stosunki społeczne oraz obyczaje wielokulturowych społeczności na wybrzeżu lewantyńskim w dobie pierwszych krucjat (1095–1192)

Author(s): Piotr Wieczeński / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article focuses on the contacts between multicultural societies (Muslims, Eastern and Western Christians) in the age of the first crusades. Based on a 12th century chronicle written by an Arabic nobleman Usama Ibn Munkidh, the author discusses their relations before the crusades. He then explores the influence of legal, religious and medical aspects on social relations and the way of life in multicultural communities. In the conclusion the author examins a question of acculturation phenomenon existing on the Levantine coast in the age of the first crusades.

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Pożywienie w praktykach religijnych Pomorzan zachodnich w dobie chrystianizacji

Author(s): Małgorzata Romankiewicz-Częścik / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The main goal of this article is to discuss the issues related to the role of food in the spiritual sphere of the Slavs and the aspects in which food accompanied them. The complicated problem of changes in the habits of the Pomeranians in the era of Christianization has so far been the subject of an extensive and stormy discussion. Apart from the daily routine filled with household chores, the inhabitants lived according to the rhythm of everyday life, consistent with their faith, which also involved participating in religious ceremonies. Food was an important factor in their daily existence, both as a meal and an object of worship and was used as a ritual, establishment offering, gift for ancestors.

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Obyczajowość Tatarów krymskich oczyma francuskiego konsula w XVIII wieku

Author(s): Agata E. Niedzielska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The main objective of this article is to present the image of Crimean Tatars’ customs described by François de Tott in his Memoires. The author was a French consul in the Ottoman Empire and Crimean Khanate. The analysis is conducted from two different perspectives. The first considers methods that were used to present Tatars’ culture. The second elaborates the Tott’s assessment of Tatars’ living conditions, cuisine and society. In conclusion, it is necessary to underscore that de Tott used different methods to present the complexity of Tatars’ customs. In addition, he underlines the differences between the two cultures, European and Islamic.

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Życie codzienne bernardynów w XVIII i na początku XIX wieku. Wybrane zagadnienia

Author(s): Maciej Stawiski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Based on various historical sources, the article shows everyday life of Polish Franciscan friars in the 18th and at the beginning of the 19th century. In comparison with other orders, it presents the alimentation, drinks, hygiene and everyday items used by friars. The main conclusion of the article is a constatation that friars predominantly dined on fat cuisine with plenty of meat and drank a lot of alcohol. The article also introduces the topic of hygiene and health. The monasteries, like all other places in the cities at that time, had bad sanitary conditions. The friars had problems with health, but they also used medical care. The article also shows us everyday items used by friars.

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Medyczne aspekty noszenia gorsetu w świetle badań historycznych i współczesnych

Author(s): Izabela Andrzejewska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The corset, popular from the 16th to the 20th century, was repeatedly accused of deteriorating women’s health. One of the main concerns among the public and in literature of that time was tightlacing (reducing one’s waist by more than 10 cm), which was believed to cause cancer, consumptions, scoliosis and many other, sometimes deathly, diseases. In order to find if the historical allegations are true, this paper compares the works of 17th to 20th century doctors and publicists, with medical examination of 21st century doctors. The progress of modern medicine excludes most of quoted conditions and clarifies when corsets were safe and when, improperly used, they were dangerous.

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Pobożność katolickich żołnierzy armii koronnej na podstawie testamentów oblatowanych w księgach grodzkich lubelskich w okresie wazowskim. Rekonesans źródłowy

Author(s): Izabela Śliwińska-Słomska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article focuses on the issue of piousness of Catholic soldiers of the Crown Army in the Vasa period on the basis of their wills. Six professional soldiers’s wills entered in the books of the town court in Lublin in the years 1621–1655 were analysed. The sources made it possible to distinguish the attitude of soldiers towards God and death, as well as to analyse the records for religious purposes: churches, monasteries and charitable causes. The article also deals with the issue of money donated for masses for the souls of deceased soldiers.

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Życie codzienne oficerów i marynarzy Royal Navy na przełomie XVIII i XIX wieku

Author(s): Wiktor Stypczyński / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The Royal Navy was the backbone of Britain’s defence system for centuries. During the late 18th and early 19th century this led to a situation where it was in a state of constant war for over 20 years. This article aims to show the daily life of the crews of Royal Navy’s ships during the height of its power in the Nelson Era. It presents aspects of the daily service on board of ships, the food of the crews as well as the elements of everyday naval culture manifested in the ethos of service at sea. In order to discuss the topic, the paper also shows a sample career pathway explaining the motivations of seafarers.

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Niecodzienna codzienność – z życia w niewoli żołnierza epoki napoleońskiej

Author(s): Hubert Korzeniowski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The main objective of this paper is to examine different problems of prisoners of war in the Napoleonic era – the question which has not been profoundly elaborated in Polish historiography yet. Conditions and alimentation of prisoners, war crimes and enforced enlisting in the enemy’s armies are the most important issues discussed in the article. Primary sources analyzed by the author were confined to diaries of Polish veterans of the Napoleonic Wars. Soldiers described their personal experience of English, Spanish, Austrian and Russian imprisonment. Therefore, the aforementioned problems were referred in the broader geographical and social context of the first decade of the 19th century.

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Fortepian, albo plagi domowe. Paradoks gry na fortepianie w Warszawie na przełomie XIX i XX wieku

Author(s): Marta Michalska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Why did domestic piano playing become a problem in the late 19th century? In this text I listen closely to complaints about the sounds of piano playing and analyse a multifaceted sonic phenomenon of a girl from a (aspiring) middle class family playing the instrument on a daily basis. I describe how the piano playing became an important part of middle class upbringing but also how it was being criticised, especially in the second part of the century. Most importantly, I focus on a girl and I ponder what role the piano could really play in her life. Following suggestions of Ruth A. Solie I claim that the piano was an important tool for emotional labour and emotion management, not only for the girl but also for the whole family.

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Życie codzienne w księżycowej rzeczywistości. Na srebrnym globie Jerzego Żuławskiego jako astronomiczna metafora krytyki społecznej i naukowej przełomu XIX i XX wieku

Author(s): Wojciech Milej / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The main objective of this paper is to examine how Jerzy Żuławski in his novel "Na srebrnym globie" [On the Silver Globe] described Moon’s environment in the context of everyday life. At the end of the 19th century Żuławski’s novel was a prominent example of Polish intellectual atmosphere which can be depicted as permanent sadness, doubt and human inability to create stable predictable future. Also this article underscores the meaning of literary metaphor in a process of describing main problems of the Polish 19th century society. Żuławski used the Moon as a tool to show how different human issues can be filled into another environment but still remain as important and actual as it was on the Earth. Everyday life in this particular case was presented as dangerous and harmful reality that cannot be changed by human knowledge and preparedness for interstellar travels.

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„Czego pragnie gospodyni?” Asortyment codziennego użytku reklamowany w kobiecym tygodniku „Dobra Gospodyni” (1901–1915)

Author(s): Agnieszka Goluch / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article discusses the topic of the newspaper advertisement at the beginning of the 20th century on the example of weekly women magazine called “Dobra Gospodyni” [“Good Housewife”]. The magazine published in Warsaw in 1901–1915, gave advice that was designed to help run a household. The article analyzes advertisements of everyday objects including cosmetic and confectionery industry, agricultural products, household items and groceries.

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Czerwone wstążki i terpentyna – hodowla bydła w Irlandii na początku XX wieku

Author(s): Antonina Pawłowska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article discusses issues related to everyday life of the Irish country at the beginning of the 20th century in the context of cattle husbandry together with customs and beliefs related to it. The article attempts to analyse Irish folklore related to cattle and the impact of the cows on the daily life of the farmers in the cultural, economic and social aspect. The sources for this analysis were the materials gathered by the Irish Folklore Commission during the School’s Scheme in the years 1937–1939.

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Życie codzienne bezrobotnych w Zagłębiu Dąbrowskim w okresie międzywojennym

Author(s): Mateusz Radomski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article describes a problem of unemployment in the interwar period in the Dąbrowa Basin. It shows how this phenomenon was developing during the years from regaining independence in 1918 to its loss in 1939. In fact, the greatest intensity of this problem falls on the years 1930–1935, during the Great Depression. Unemployment was particularly strong in the Dąbrowa Basin, due to the large number of industrial plants. The article raises issues related to daily life of unemployed inhabitants of this area. It relates to matters such as poverty, social assistance but most of all, it refers to attempts at coping with this reality. The author shows how the unemployed tried to earn their living, not always legally, e.g. by begging, stealing or illegal coal mining. It all adds up to the difficult history of this period. The article uses archives, the press of that time and diaries of the inhabitants.

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