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Der »große Conducator Ceausescu ist praktisch buchstäblich bereit, über Leichen zu gehen, um seiner Megalomanie ein Monument zu setzen.
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Westlich -dekadente Miezen aus Playboy und Cosmopolitan — geliehen zur Illustration der Silvesterausgabe des offiziellen Organs der ungarischen KP, Népszabi, Dezember 1981. Ein kostenloses Zuckerl zum Jahreswechsel für alle Zeitungsmitarbeiter und wohl auch Mitarbeiterinnen. 1982 soll’s noch ärger gewesen sein.
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Rijetki su časopisi u Bosni i Hercegovini sa stogodišnjom tradicijom izlaženja, kakav je slučaj sa Pregledom, časopisom pokrenutim u Sarajevu februara 1910. godine, da bi se ove, 2020. godine, navršilo 110 godina od njegovog pokretanja.
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This article examines a previously neglected aspect of the press history in Karelia, focusing on the press’s contribution to the development of voluntary citizen journalism during the Thaw period. Drawing on archival documents, memoirs, and newspaper publications, the author investigates the structure of the local press and the key institutions of the republican, district, and large-circulation press. Utilizing analytical, systematic, and retrospective methods, the author identifies patterns and specificities in the organization of editorial offices during this period, as well as the various forms and techniques employed in journalistic interactions with readers. The analysis primarily centers on the evolution of voluntary citizen journalism principles within newspaper editorial offices. The conducted research demonstrates that the press actively participated in the institutionalization of voluntary activism principles in the Republic, facilitating the creation of opportunities for readers’ self-expression and their engagement in public affairs.
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The article examines the problem of preserving the memory of the Great Patriotic War in non-core museums using the example of the exhibitions of the open-air Kizhi Museum created in the 1960s–1980s. The main sources of the research are thematic exhibition plans, texts of excursions, and corresponding methodological materials. The analysis of the key reasons for the actualization of the memory of the Great Patriotic War in this non-core museum allows us to show the place of this event in the structure of historical knowledge and socio-political life. The article presents the main cases of referring to the events of the Great Patriotic War in the context of the history of the Kizhi Museum and the historiography of the war. In 1961, an exhibition on the history of Zaonezhye was created in the museum. The section of the exhibition presenting the Great Patriotic War was one of the key ones in the structure of the museum display. The purpose of the presentation was to evoke a sense of pride in common history and to commemorate the contribution of local residents to the great victory. An authentic war monument – the mass grave of Soviet soldiers on Kizhi Island – was included into a historical and architectural exhibition complex of the Kizhi Pogost as an object of display. Rituals of commemoration of the fallen soldiers performed at the mass grave during walking tours contributed to the social unity of Soviet citizens and strengthened their patriotic feelings. In 1985, historical interior and memorial exhibition were arranged in the house of peasant Sergin, representing the life of local civilian population, Soviet partisans, and underground sabotage groups during the occupation of Zaonezhye. The exhibitions in Sergin’s house were used by museum curators for conducting patriotic and educational work with museum visitors, primarily young people. The appeal to the memory of the war in non-core museums had ideological and educational significance and contributed to the social unity and assertion of the identity of Soviet citizens.
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Ten years after Stalin’s death, the communist system, from monolithic would be improperly fragmented, and the former single block would be turned into ground fighting for ideological and political supremacy. The differences between the communist countries and their parties would not be surpassed, because everyone himself was considered a Marxist-Leninist. During all the years of Stalin's rule, there would be only one divergence. Tito decided to oppose the Soviet Union and Stalin, and he would never regret about it. Moscow and Belgrade would reach reconciliation even after Stalin's death in the 1955-1956. In 1956 it came to the development of separate national communism which would be stopped in Poland by the USSR, and in Hungary would be suppressed by force. But that would not mean total halt of the tendencies of liberalization and insistence on the right to autonomy. At the meetings of the world communist movement, which were held in 1957 and 1960, it was adopted a resolution that confirmed the principles of equality, respect for territorial integrity, national independence and non-interference in the internal affairs of other states. But these decisions would not be reality, considering the inequality of power in the communist tabor and the fact that in the past no such principle was respected. The successors of Stalin this decision would not accept and respect, but they would not have his authority which would impose worship and respect of millions of revolutionaries outside the borders of the USSR.
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During the 1980s, there were many environmental problems in Croatia, of which we will refer only to some of them in this article: two rivers (Drava and Sava), one city - Split, two ecological problems related to bays - the spilling of waste materials from Neum in the Mali Ston Bay and the pollution of the Kaštela Bay. We also present the environmental problems related to the Plomin II thermal power plant in Istria.
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Unatoč tome što Karl Kaser iz Graza nije bi ni ekonomski povjesničar ni ekohistoričar, ipak je kao jedan od vodećih historijskih antropologa i najznačajnijih eksperata za historiju Jugoistočne Europe prepoznao važnost istraživanja međuodnosa ljudi i okoliša kroz povijest te ne čudi što je bio jedan od onih koji su bez ikakve rezerve podržali pokretanje časopisa Ekonomska- i eko-historija. Od prvog broja 2005. do smrti u Piranu, u Republici Sloveniji 11. travnja 2022., bio je članom međunarodnog uredničkog vijeća ovoga časopisa.
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The author analyzes the everyday spatial experiences of Riga as depicted in the diary of Zelma Indriksone (1906–1990). She was a resident of Lucavsala, an island situated four kilometers from the city center. Zelma wrote the diary spanning from the 1950s to the 1980s, a period marked by significant urbanization changes on the island. Her individual urban functions and trajectories are examined through the lens of the proximity concept of emotional geography. The study explores the potential of diaries for researching urban spatial experiences. In Zelma’s experience, the island serves as a proximity zone for her social life, work, sense of beauty, and memories. Cemeteries also emerge as significant proximity areas, serving as connections with loved ones, social interaction spaces, and expressions of emotions and relationships through the aesthetic language of plants. The Riga center and the neighborhoods of Pārdaugava are depicted as trading and transit zones. During the Soviet era, shopping entailed unpredictable and time-consuming roaming in search of deficit goods, so this was a zone of urban anxiety. Zelma’s entries regarding the historical center of the city are scarce, with only three instances where she explores it through the eyes of a leisurely visitor. The article reveals a Riga experience that does not align with the capital’s public representation.
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This paper is based on primary historical sources as well as historiographical and other professional literature and examines the relations between Yugoslavia and the Republic of Turkey in the context of the formation of the Balkan Pact and the earthquake that occurred in Turkey in 1953. The main idea of the paper is to point out the intervention aid offered by the Yugoslav government to the Republic of Turkey in the context of their mutual relations. The structure of those relations was dominantly marked by the formation of the Balkan Pact in 1953, which included Yugoslavia, Greece and Turkey. The author analyses the literature on frequent and devastating earthquakes that affected Turkey, then the situation in the areas affected by the earthquake in 1953, and the political assumptions of economic cooperation between Yugoslavia and Turkey, in the context of wider geopolitical events in Southeastern Europe in the middle of the 20th century.
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The study presents newly discovered documentary evidence about the history and organization of the Bulgarian archives during the totalitarian period. The object of the study is special file No. 6431/87 of the Main Directorate of Archives at the Council of Ministers of the People's Republic of Bulgaria, currently stored in the Аrchive of the Committee for Disclosing the Documents and Announcing Affiliation of Bulgarian Citizens to the State Security and the Intelligence Services of the Bulgarian National Army. The documents contained in the case have been analyzed and presented in a source-oriented aspect, namely: the guiding materials (part I), the operational materials (part II) and the informational and other materials (parts III and IV). The mentioned documentary information supplements, to a certain extent, the information about the processes of integrating the state archives into the institutional structure of the totalitarian state. More specifically, according to data from the special file, the questions about: the status, tasks and functions of the security and regime officer in the Main Directorate of Archives are affected; the protection of the state and official secret in the state archives; the acquisition of personal papers in a archive, and the seizure of archival documents kept by citizens; the access of foreigners to archival documents; the search for Bulgarian documents abroad; the ideologization and politicization of archives, etc.
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The post-war world order was dominated by two rigid alliances with extremely little diplomatic room for maneuver between them, facing each other across the globe. The press in post-war Romania, like the press in the other socialist countries, under the influence of the Soviet Union, was constrained by ideological demands. It can be said that it was a faithful copy of the press in the Soviet Union, its discourse taking over from the Soviet publications the obsessions regarding the fight against the imperialist forces. The print media represented the most powerful propaganda tool in the service of ideology and the communist party. The newspaper Pentru Socialism, which appeared in Maramureș county, represented, at the local level, an important tool of media manipulation. Its articles focused on espionage in the service of the imperialists, American, English, French or Israeli, depending on the case, but also on the international situation.
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The aim of the paper is to point to the transformation of Stefan Żółkiewski’s political authority into a scholarly one. The basic research material for the analysis consists of the archival materials which provide evidence on both Stefan Żółkiewski himself and the Central Committee of the Polish United Workers’ Party. Having analysed Żółkiewski’s political activity, whose focal point is the events of March 1968, the author tries to demonstrate that the scholar’s influence he exerted on his students and colleagues was not only the result of losing his political position but also making a consistent axiological choice.
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This article deals with Werner Herzog's authorship, since his films of the 1970s and 1980s belong to German movies made by auteur directors or to the New German Cinema. The focus is on his feature films and his autobiography. After the introductory considerations on literary and cinematic authorship, Werner Herzog is first introduced as a literary author. This is followed by the history of French and German movies made by auteur directors before a concluding section discusses Herzog's cinematic authorship based on his best-known film Fitzcarraldo. The aim of the article is to analyse and contextualise the elements of this authorship, such as work, autobiography, and autoreflection.
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This article intends to call the attention of specialists, and not only of them, on the most significant propaganda postage stamp issues during the early days of the communist regime in Romania. Those issues that were dedicated to the Romanian Association for the Strengthening of Soviet Union Ties (A.R.L.U.S.). Throughout its 20-year presence and propaganda activity, the association put several postage stamp issues in circulation. According to acknowledged stamp collectors, only 8 of these postage stamp issues were dedicated explicitly to A.R.L.U.S. (1945-1948 issues, 1950-1952 and 1955 issues), while the rest of the postage stamps in circulation until 1964 (when the association was dissolved) were dedicated to the Romanian – Soviet Friendship Month. Comprising of a series of symbols and graphics with a direct appeal to the communist ideology, the A.R.L.U.S. postage stamps were a significant part of the propaganda mechanism employed by the communist regime.
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During the last decades of the communist regime in Romania, at “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, Romania, a marvelously unexplainable event occurred, with considerable impact in the fields of academia and mass-media. In a paradoxical way, freedom of writing became possible, during the 1970s and 1980s, in the editorial office of the “Students' Opinion”, a journal edited by the Union of the Communist Students' Associations from Romania (UCSAR). The members of the editorial staff, all of them teachers and students enrolled in the universities of the University Center of the city of Iasi, built a mass-media, literary, philosophical, cultural discourse consisting of several semantic layers. An apparently innocent layer addressed the censors of the Communist Party of Romania. A subversive, anti-communist, layer addressed the readers of the journal residing in the Romanian Western diaspora. A layer of a perpetual intellectual feast of the ideas circulated among writers and philosophers in the West, in the free world. The editorial staff was constituted by the writers who formed the nucleus of the anti-communist group of Iasi (Luca Pitu, Liviu Antonesei, Liviu Cangeopol) and students enrolled in various BA programs. Most of the authors who contributed to the journal gained notoriety in the realms of mass-media and literature, in Romania, after 1990.
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