Solidarność. Eine Sache der Vergangenheit

Author(s): Timothy Garton Ash / Language(s): German Issue: 02/1991

Zwischen Sesamstraße und Twin Peaks zeigt das polnische Fernsehen Präsident Lech Wal~sa bei seiner ersten feierlichen Ernennung eines Generals. Der neue General ist - ein Bischof. Am Pilsudski-Platz (ehemals Siegesplatz) linst ein Schutzmann sehnsüchtig um die Ecke in den neuen Schauraum von Mercedes. Der Kulturpalast, jenes berühmteste Symbol sowjetischer Vorherrschaft, beherbergt nun eine lange Einkaufspassage. Davor weist eine riesige Reklametafel auf POLAMER, ein polnisch-amerikanisches Reisebüro. Die Ironie ist so krass, daß sie schon wieder angemessen scheint: Kitsch schlägt Kitsch. In der Nowy Swiat schnarcht ein Bauer in seinem Gemüsekarren nur ein paar Meter neben der gerade eröffneten Christian-Dior-Boutique. Überall, buchstäblich überall, auf dem Land wie in der Stadt, sieht man Schilder mit der Ankündigung einer neuen hurtownia. Hurtownia heißt Großhandel, was nichts anderes bedeutet, als daß man weniger Steuern bezahlen muß. Also wird eben aus jedem florierenden Eckladen ein Großhandel.

Deutsche Vergangenheiten

Author(s): Helmut Dubiel / Language(s): German Issue: 02/1991

Wer heute die Aufarbeitungsversuche des stalinistischen Erbes in der ehemaligen DDR mit den Bemühungen der jungen Bundesrepublik vergleicht, sich der Nazi-Vergangenheit zu stellen, stößt auf ein verwirrendes Muster von Ähnlichkeiten und Unterschieden. Vergleichbar ist zum Beispiel das Phänomen der offenbar restlosen Diskreditierung des Stalinismus bzw. des Nationalsozialismus, so daß es schwerfällt, nach 1989/1945 noch einen authentisch überzeugten Anhänger des Status quo ante zu finden. Allerdings scheint es. der totalitäre Sozialismus eher als der Nationalsozialismus zu erlauben, an der Vorstellung einer im Prinzip guten Idee gegenüber einer nur korrumpierten Wirklichkeit festzuhalten. Ein Vergleich bietet sich auch an zwischen gegenwärtigen konservativen Politikern im Westen, die die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung des Ostens für dringlicher halten als die moralische Aufarbeitung seiner Vergangenheit, und den ehemaligen westlichen Besatzungsmächten, die die Entnazifizierungsverfahren auslaufen ließen, weil vermeintlich viele politisch Belastete für den Wiederaufbau benötigt wurden. Anders als die Deutschen von 1945 haben sich die Ostdeutschen von 1989 auch aus eigener Kraft befreit. Gleichwohl verhalten sich westdeutsche Politiker und Wirtschaftsberater gegenüber der ehemaligen DDR vielfach wie die Besatzungsmächte des Zweiten Weltkriegs gegenüber dem geschlagenen Dritten Reich ...

Liebesgedichte

Author(s): György Petri / Language(s): German Issue: 08/1994

GEDICHTE -VORMITTAGS -VON DEN SCHWIERIGKEITEN DER LIEBESLYRIK

Photographie: Wiener Klischees

Author(s): Chris Niedenthal / Language(s): German Issue: 10/1995

Landschaft nach der Schlacht

Author(s): Jacques Rupnik / Language(s): German Issue: 18/1999

Zehn Jahre nach dem Zusammenbruch des Sowjetimperiums hat die Beschreibung der daraus hervorgegangenen Staaten als »postkommunistisch« offenkundig jede Aussagekraft verloren. Wie sollte auch der gemeinsame Nenner von Ungarn und Albanien, Tschechien und Weißrussland oder Polen und Kasachstan aussehen? Ihre kommunistische Vergangenheit kann kaum zum Verständnis der grundverschiedenen Wege beitragen, die sie seit 1989 eingeschlagen haben. Gleichwohl zeichnen sich in der Vielfalt der Übergänge und der länderspezifischen Situationen einige allgemeine Muster ab, die die neue politische Geographie der Region strukturieren: Erstens, Mitteleuropa ist zurück; es umfasst die sogenannten Visegrad- Staaten, die baltischen Länder und Slowenien und verkörpert die»Erfolgsstory« der demokratischen Transformation. Zweitens, auf dem Balkan »entgleiste« der Übergang vielfach, weil die Bildung von Nationalstaaten Vorrang erhielt oder weil die Hinterlassenschaft des Kommunismus und wirtschaftliche Rückständigkeit Hindernisse aufwarfen. Drittens, Russland befindet sich auf der Suche nach einer postimperialen Identität; das Land balanciert am Rande einer wirtschaftlichen Katastrophe, hin- und hergerissen zwischen fehlschlagenden Reformen und aussichtslosen Versuchen einer Restauration des Ancien regime.

Vorhut und Nachträglichkeit

Author(s): Vivian Liska / Language(s): German Issue: 23/2002

Nicht mehr die Aktualität der historischen Avantgarde, sondern deren Unzeitgemäßheit steht jüngstens zur Debatte. Während der Begriff der Aktualität die Möglichkeit einer Bestimmung der eigenen Gegenwart und das Wissen um die ihr entsprechende Kunst voraussetzt, schwankt das doppelbödige Kriterium des Unzeitgemäßen zwischen kritischer Distanz und Anachronismus. Die Anmaßung des Aktualitätsbegriffs, das Jetzt zum Maß der Dinge zu nehmen, ja es überhaupt benennen zu können, wird im Unzeitgemäßen zwar mitgetragen, aber gleichzeitig auch kontrapunktiert. Im Anklang an Nietzsches Unzeitgemäße Betrachtungen, in denen die Voraussetzung mitschwingt, dass»Literatur nur, soweit sie ihrer Zeit nicht gehört, erhoffen kann, zu ihrer Zeit zu sprechen«2, kommt auch die avantgardistische Verweigerung der Anpassung an die Temporalität der Moderne zu ihrem Recht.

Die Militäroperation Južni potez 1995

Author(s): Arsen Milašinović / Language(s): German Issue: 1/2017

The article deals with the causes, participants, course, and consequences of the military operation Southern Move (Južni potez), the last battle between the Army of Republika Srpska and Croatian forces in the war in Bosnia. The article attempts to throw some light on the role of the Western diplomacy and regional actors in the operation Southern Move. Through an analysis of strategic and operative aspects of the operation, the account of the battle intends to elucidate primary characteristics of the belligerent armies. The article is based on the original sources published by the Hague Tribunal, as well as on secondary sources.

PRVI ULAZAK U BOSNU NAKON RATA / MAJ 1996

Author(s): Nadira Avdič Vllasi / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 41-42/2008

Presrećna zbog neočekivane vijesti da je uvedena autobuska linija Zagreb-Sarajevo uletjela sam, pred sam polazak, tog utorka u 19 sati, u moderni autobus Sarajevskog “Centrotransa”. Nije bilo mnogo vremena, žurili smo nazad na Kosovo zbog čega odlučih da dvije noći provedem putujući, a jednu prespavam u Sarajevu kako bi imali dva dana da vidimo grad, familiju, prijatelje…

Opomena božice mira

Author(s): Boris Jurić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1+2/2014

Jedan on najznačajnijih i ujedno najupečatljivijih simbola grada Berlina, Brandenburška su vrata s kvadrigom (četveropregom) na vrhu, posvećenom božici mira Eirene. Značajna stvar, posebno u gradu burne i nemirne povijesti, simbola podjele svijeta. No, ni put kvadrige, od njezinih najranijih dana (1793), uopće nije bio bezbrižan i lagan.

Learned helplessness during organizational change

Author(s): Jaan Silvet / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2013

Exposing organisms to aversive events which they cannot control might result in motivational, cognitive, emotional, and self-esteem deficits. These deficits are called symptoms of helplessness and are the core part of learned helplessness theory. Many studies have empirically analysed the theory on the individual level. The current study focuses on the learned helplessness in the context of organisational change. The object of the study is one media company in Estonia, which conducted a large restructuring during the 2008 economic crisis. The result shows that there exists an organisational gap when it comes to the estimates of top management and employees. The key to the problem appeared to be the middle management, who were unable to effectively manage their subordinates as they were busy themselves coping with the change.

Nije svačije kroz selo pjevati – Bosanska krajina u projekciji organicističkih intelektualaca (1991–1992)

Author(s): Edin Omerčić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 45/2016

Based on original documents and reference works on the example of establishment of the Autonomous Region of Krajina, the author has analyzed the role of intellectuals in the process of dissolution of Yugoslavia and the territorial and legal disintegration of the B&H territory in the course of 1991 and 1992. Banja Luka, the political center of the selfproclaimed unit, gathered the Serb political and intellectual elite that had somewhat different outlook on the ‘regionalization’, that is, ‘SAOization’ of Bosnia and Herzegovina than the Serb political elite in Sarajevo. The paper particularly focuses on the role and contribution of intellectuals in planning and forming a relatively compact political and legal territory.

Theoretical orientations in Greek foreign policy after 1990

Author(s): Sebastian Pięta / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2013

The article concerns theoretical orientations in Greek foreign policy after 1990. The author presents four basic divisions of foreign policy concepts that are expressed as two opposite ideological poles. The first part of article deals with the Europeanization and nationalist populism in foreign policy of Greece. The subject of another part is presentation of the multilateralist and unilateralist school of thought. Finally, the author presents Western and Eastern current in Greek foreign policy in reference to realist and transnationalist school of thought. Origins. By presenting conclusions, the author tries to indicate the role of the above-mentioned theoretical orientations in the process of creating and conducting of foreign policy in Greece.

Proces kształtowania się systemu partyjnego w Republice Białoruś w latach 1991–1994

Author(s): / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2012

The article is devoted to the process of establishing first political parties in Belarus during the period of gaining independence. The main issues discussed were as follows: the historical roots of individual parties, circumstances of its establishment, relations between parties. It was argued that in the main political discourse were involved former communist ‘nomenklatura’ and Belarus’ nationalists of Belarusian Popular Front. Another parties were playing secondary role in the political life of Belarus.

Sprawa Katynia w publicystyce poświęconej stosunkom polsko-rosyjskim przed i po katastrofi e lotniczej w Smoleńsku

Author(s): Jakub Bogucki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2010

A tragic history of the mass murder of Polish officers and deputies in the Katyn forest has a vivid impact on current relations between Poland and Russia. The matter of text is to compare the opinions on Katyn jubilee and historian’s publications just before and after the dramatic accident of Polish presidential airplane. The event was deeply symbolic for many Poles and also Russians because of it’s close location to the cemetery of 1940 victims and because of the death of the top officials of Poland. It brought also some new value to mutual relations, based on compassion and will of help. The aim of the text is to find out if such change may have a long-lasting character and how actually Russian policy towards Poland can be redefined after a great shock of April the 10th 2010.

Poljsko javno mnjenje o bombardovanju Jugoslavije 1999. godine

Author(s): Zdislav Bieganski,Joanna Szczutkowska / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2017

The decision of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) to use armed force to end the Kosovo crisis has caused much emotion and controversy in Poland. There was much public interest in the Balkans during the 1999 NATO bombing. Polish support for NATO intervention was high, but the extension of the bombing had resulted in a decrease in the percentage of its supporters. Half of the Poles approved the action, mainly those with right-wing or center-right views. Slightly less were opposed. The left-wing followers did not generally support the intervention. The events in the Balkans were regularly followed in Poland. The possible scenarios for the Kosovo situation, as well as the consequences of the war were considered, both in the context of humanitarian crisis and of Yugoslav history and identity. NATO’s war against Yugoslavia has become the subject of numerous Polish publications. The media presented as different opinions on the NATO’s intervention as political forces. Some of the titles were supportive (eg. „Gazeta Wyborcza“) and some were extremely critical. Among the opponents to the intervention were the titles closely associated with radical political groups, from both left and right of the political spectrum: „Trybuna“, „NIE“, „Dziś“, „Myśl Polska“, „Nasza Polska“ oraz „Nasz Dziennik“. Only a few managed to maintain a balanced attitude towards the activities of the Alliance in Balkans (eg. „Polityka“). Remembrance and reflection on the events that happened in 1999 in Yugoslavia are kept alive in Poland.

Diplomatija u predvečerje Oluje. Zapisnik razgovora Milana Martića i Alvara de Sota u Kninu 8. jula 1995

Author(s): Milan Gulić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2017

Срби у Црној Гори после раздвајања Србије и Црне Горе 2006. године

Author(s): Zoran Lutovac / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 146/2014

PEDAGOŠKI ZNAČAJ ČASOPISA MUALLIM

Author(s): Fatima Fetić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 17/2004

From 1990 to 2003, the pedagogical influence of Muallim magazine was reflected in several academic sectors. The most apparent impact the magazine made was inside educational institutions. The presence of the magazine in a great number of schools and the availability and accessibility of its content to the teaching staff directly involved in lecturing and education process had a very favorable effect. In addition, muallim was very much present in home libraries, which greatly contributed to improving the youth’s upbringing. In the aforementioned period, Muallim was one of undoubtedly most important pedagogical and educational magazines in this country. All 66 articles that came out in the total of seventy-five Muallim’s issues published in the given period, were organized in major academic areas. The articles have been analyzed, and a special emphasis was given to major points regarding teaching and training in the context of particular venue. Analysis was shown in the graphic form in order to accentuate the structure and the ratio of particular types of texts in the overall number.

Додела награде "Душан Бандић" за 2010. годину Милошу Миленковићу и Мирослави Лукић Крстановић

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2011

ŽIVOT U SREBRENICI U PERIODU 1992 – 1995. GODINE

Author(s): Elvir Selimović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 6/2013

U radu je predstavljen život (bosansko muslimanskog) bošnjačkog stanovništva na ograničenom prostoru pod ekstremno teškim uvjetima života, o čijoj strategiji preživljavanja su ostali blijedi tragovi u narativnim (tradicija) historijskim izvorima, dok ih u dokumentarnim (ostaci) ima relativno malo ili uopće nema. Stoga, da bismo historiografski istražili i analizirali život ljudi u okupiranoj Srebrenici u periodu od 1992. do 1995. godine, mi smo se nužno oslanjali na lična sjedanja suvremenika koja su zabilježena u toku ili nakon toga vremena, na fotografije, novinske članke, malobrojne materijalne ostatke i (autorova) saznanja stečena kroz razgovor sa suvremenicima događaja.