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Atlas rómskych komunít na Slovensku 2013 ako pramenná databáza pre analýzu situácie Rómov na Slovensku a jeho potenciál pre ďalšie výskumy a analýzy

Author(s): Alexander Mušinka,Kvetoslava Matlovičová / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

Vo svojom príspevku by sme čitateľom radi predstavili niekto ré vybrané údaje z nedávno skončeného celoslovenského výskumu nazývaného Atlas rómskych komunít na Slovensku 2013. Ide o dosiaľ najrozsiahlejší výskum zameraný na sledovanie vybraných ukazovateľov vo vzťahu k rómskym komunitám a príspevok je iba jedným z prvých výberových výstupov výskumu. Základné zistenia, ako aj stručná metodika výskumu tvoria obsah záverečnej publikácie vydanej v roku 2014 Rozvojovým programom OSN (Mušinka et al., 2014). Uvedená publi kácia sa primárne orientuje na širšiu verejnosť a nemala ambíciu detailne prezentovať niekto ré metodologické a interpretačné rámce výskumu. Predpokladáme, že obsiahle a kvalitou i obsahom rôznorodé zdrojové dáta výsku mu budú (a čiastočne už aj sú) dostupné akademickej obci na ďal šie spracovanie, a preto v prvej časti príspevku považujeme za dô ležité bližšie objasniť terminologické a metodologické prístupy autorov výskumu, ktoré priamo ovplyvňujú spôsoby spracovania a interpretácie zdrojových dát. Autori príspevku sa podieľali na kreovaní, reali zácii a spracovaní Atlasu 2013 a radi by poukázali na potenciál, ako aj limity spraco vávania získaných dát.

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VOLIČSKÉ PŘESUNY MEZI SNĚMOVNÍMI VOLBAMI V ROCE 2010 A KRAJSKÝMI VOLBAMI V ROCE 2012

Author(s): Petr Gongala,Kamil Gregor / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Chapter 8, by Kamil Gregor and Petr Gongala, focuses on voting shifts between the elections to the Chamber of Deputies in 2010 and the regional elections in 2012. Their basic findings confirm that shifts between consecutive elections demonstrate voter behavior that partially conforms to the concept of second-order elections. Parties in government only retained a small number of their voters from 2010; on the one hand, they saw their voters move toward other groupings, and on the other hand, asignificant portion of their base stayed home. The segment of voters that parties retained primarily grew as their oppositional posture grew more extreme.

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ANALÝZA VOLEBNÍCH PROGRAMŮ

Author(s): Otto Eibl / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Volební programy jsou nedílnou součástí předvolební stranické nabídky a nechybí samozřejmě ani v případě předčasných voleb, byť tato situace pro strany představuje nemalý problém. Už jen kvůli tomu, že se jim výrazně zkrátí čas na přípravu veškerých materiálů, které zamýšlejí použít ve volební kampani, a zejména na formulaci více či méně komplexních programových dokumentů.

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PŘEDVOLEBNÍ KAMPANĚ 2013: PROHLOUBENÍ TRENDŮ, NEBO NÁSTUP NOVÝCH?

Author(s): Alena Macková,Miloš Gregor / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Ve srovnání s předešlými sněmovními volbami v roce 2010, kdy politické strany vedly de facto permanentní kampaň (Eibl, Kóňa 2012), představovaly volby 2013 zcela jiný případ. Pád Nečasovy vlády a narychlo vypsané volby měly za následek, že kampaně, na které si politické strany dříve vyhrazovaly pořád více času, byly rekordně krátké. S tím souvisel i fakt, že místo dosavadního fenoménu stále nákladnějších kampaní vynaložily politické strany v roce 2013 podstatně méně finančních prostředků v porovnání s předchozími lety.

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VÝSLEDKY VOLEB

Author(s): Vlastimil Havlík / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Cílem této kapitoly je z různých úhlů představit a podrobněji analyzovat výsledky voleb do Poslanecké sněmovny. Nejprve se zaměříme na všeobecné výsledky voleb včetně volební účasti (ta bude dále podrobně analyzována v kapitole 8) a na výsledky politických stran jak na celostátní úrovni, tak na úrovni volebních obvodů (geografické rozložení volební podpory politických stran bude detailně zkoumáno v kapitole 10). Zvláštní pozornost bude věnována výsledku politických stran vzhledem k velikosti obce a úrovni volební účasti.

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VOLEBNÍ ÚČAST V PŘEDČASNÝCH VOLBÁCH

Author(s): Michal Nový / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Na základě přijetí ústavní novely, která v roce 2012 včlenila do českého právního řádu přímou volbu prezidenta republiky, se opětovně rozrostl počet arén, v nichž může občan prostřednictvím odevzdání hlasu promluvit do veřejných záležitostí. Tímto krokem se podařilo navýšit počet kanálů, jimiž se lidé účastní politiky, což se z normativního pohledu zdá být pozitivní zpráva, jelikož podobné opatření přibližuje zastupitelskou demokracii ideálu vlády lidu.

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PŘESUNY HLASŮ

Author(s): Kamil Gregor / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Výsledky předčasných voleb do Poslanecké sněmovny v roce 2013 jsou dokladem do značné míry bezprecedentní změny volebního chování v České republice. Stejně jako v předchozích sněmovních volbách došlo k oslabení dvou dříve nejsilnějších etablovaných politických stran, ČSSD a ODS.

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VOLBY DO POSLANECKÉ SNĚMOVNY 2013 A VOLEBNÍ GEOGRAFIE

Author(s): Michal Pink,Petr Voda / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Na konci října 2013 se čeští voliči rozhodovali v předčasných volbách do PSP ČR, komu dát svůj hlas, případně zda vůbec k volbám jít, a právě rozbor toho, jak toto rozhodnutí v českých zemích dopadlo z pohledu regionálních rozdílů, přináší tato kapitola. Zjednodušeně řečeno, cílem následujících stran bude prostorové představení volebních výsledků všech úspěšných politických stran, které dokázaly získat zastoupení na půdě Poslanecké sněmovny.

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1980 Sonrası Türkiye’nin Büyük Kent Sorunu ve Göç Olgusu

Author(s): Ece Demiray Erol,İbrahim Erol / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Türkiye’de 1980 sonrası değişen bölgesel politikalar çerçevesinde büyük şehirlerin nüfusları aşırı bir biçimde artmıştır. Türkiye’deki göç hareketlerinin artışında Neoliberal politikalar ve küreselleşme hareketleri etkili olmuştur. Bu göç olgusunun perde arkasında büyük kentlerdeki daha iyi yaşam koşullarının varlığı, yeni iş fırsatları, eğitim ve sağlık hizmetlerinden daha iyi yararlanma ile kültür olanakları ön plana çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı büyük kent sorununu analiz etmek, büyük kentlerin olumlu ve olumsuz etkilerini tartışarak optimal şehir büyüklüğünü ortaya koymak ve bu çerçevede göç olgusunu değerlendirmektir. Değerlendirmeyi zorlaştıran en önemli etken bu alandaki çalışmaların çok az olmasıdır.

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SUMMARY

Author(s): Daniel Luther / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This publication is about the adaptation to social changes in Slovakia after the collapse of the Communist regime in 1989 along with the democratisation of society and introduction of open market economy. This period is known as postsocialism, which means not only a new stage in the development of the society, but also continuity with the previous stage (both social and cultural one).

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Kriza sindikata i mogući pravci njihove reforme

Author(s): Mario Reljanović / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Trade union membership has been declining in recent decades. They are becoming less popular for several reasons: the nature of jobs that dominate is changing and new professions are often individualistic; predominant forms of work are becoming flexible and geared towards reducing workers’ rights (especially collective ones); trade unions are cumbersome bureaucratized structures that cannot respond effectively to labour market challenges and changes. The research follows the stated causes of the trade union crisis from the perspective of the countries of Southeast Europe, a region that sees its future mainly in the »race to the bottom«. The implications of such state policies are multiple and they are felt in the trade unions themselves, ie union–active workers. Identifying the causes and finding an alternative are the main goals of the research. The initial hypotheses are pointed in two directions. On the one hand, it is shown that the existing symbiosis of state policy makers and owners of capital, significantly affects the possibilities of realization of collective rights of workers. On the other hand, a theoretical model of a »new union« is being introduced in order to respond to some of the challenges posed, making the idea of collective strength and solidarity attractive to workers again, while adapting to the new reality of social relations, labour market movements and aggressive neoliberal policies of diminishing labour rights. The research begins with a brief review of the legacy of the previous system of socialist self-governing relations in Yugoslavia. Then, a cross-section of normative solutions and the factual state of trade unions is made in selected countries - Croatia, Serbia and Hungary. In the next part of the research, based on the previous review, the most important conclusions concerning the trade union crisis in this region are sublimated. Finally, the last part of the research is devoted to concluding remarks, and alternative solution to the actions of the trade union in the existing unfavorable circumstances is offered.

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Sindikati i radništvo u procesima transformacije: (dis)kontinuiteti radničkih borbi u Bosni i Hercegovini

Author(s): Anđela Pepić / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Over three decades since the beginning of the transformation and privatisation processes in former SFRY, and particularly in BiH, the outcomes are deindustrialized societies, atomized workers divided on different grounds, large industrial complexes completely ruined and their workers empoverished and fully disempowered through layoff s, bankruptcy and liquidation procedures, and the union organizing and actions are reduced to a minimum. Within this context, this paper analyses perception of (former) workers of three former industrial giants in BiH - Rudi Čajavec, Energoinvest, Aluminij - on the privatisation and transformation processes, role of the workers and unions within those processes, as well as the outcomes of the processes for unions and the trust of the workers in unions. Through the set of interviews with (former) workers of above mentioned three enterprises, we analyse the patterns and discourses emerging from their statements, shedding additional, workers perspective on the processes that have been going on in former SFRY and BiH spaces since the eighties. The results point out several interconnected discourses that are combined together: privatisation as stealing and robbing off workers, disempowered workers within the privatisation processes, i.e. lack of agency due to loss of power-position, politics of fear incorporated in workers’ and unions’ (non-)action, division among workers, (dis)continuities of union struggles, and finally, loss of trust in unions and labour organizing. Based on the research results, we conclude that the strategies and tactics for pacification of the workers’ rebellion and union struggles, implemented during the privatisation processes by various political, ethno–national and economic elites, resulted in complete smashing of the workers’ rebellion, division of workers and union fragmentation, thus disabling any wide-scale organizing of workers in the class struggle.

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Da li su sindikati u Srbiji zmaj od papira?

Author(s): Aleksa Nešić / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

The changes and additions to the Labour law of the Republic of Serbia in 2014 were a legal turnpoint regarding labour related rights in Serbia. The changes of the law that were adopted in 2014 have enabled easier lay off of workers and they had the general characteristics of neoliberal deregulation. The privatisation process in Serbia has been accelerated by the changes of the Labour law, enabling investors to hire and fi re workers much easier. In this study we shall take a look at the specifics of the socialist social organization of Yugoslavia and how did it influence the development of the privatisation process in Serbia and what was the role of unions in the period after the political turmoil of October the fifth 2000. and whether the unions defended the interests of the working class, with special focus on the case of the adoption of changes to the Labour law in 2014. The unions we will focus on are the largest, so called representative unions that have the leading role in the workers movement of Serbia. Through the example of union activities surrounding the period when the changes to the Labour law were adopted, and also through the analysis of the general activity of these unions we will try to reach an understanding of the methods these unions use and how do they affect the socioeconomic position of the working class in Serbia. It is important to emphasize that this is an area with extremely scarce sources for studying, especially regarding the events from 2014 and unfortunately there are almost no archive materials that would enable a concrete insight into the specific circumstances that surrounded the period around the adoption of the changes of the Labour law. This is why this study uses many media reports and other publicly available resources as it’s main source for informations about this topic.

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KAKO IZ ZAMKE SREDNJEG DOHOTKA – VITALAN RACIONALNI INTERES BOSANSKOHERCEGOVAČKOG DRUŠTVA

Author(s): Vjekoslav Domljan / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Publication Year: 0

After 20 post-war years, Bosnia and Herzegovina is in the “medium income trap”. It does not want to go toward the low-income countries, as employees and citizens will not accept low wages and low living standards. At the same time, employees do not have the knowledge to produce sophisticated products, and yet only these provide high income and high salaries. Bosnia and Herzegovina is a place of bad living (dystopia). This is because there is no vision, no strategy, and no development policy. The vision should be: high income country by 2035. The strategy should be to raise the economy to the path of growth of at least 7% per year. This paper explains why it is difficult to transform the existing circulus vitiosus of BiH economy and society into a circulus virtuosis. It argues that there are no essential agents of change that are able to raise the question of vital rational interest. Vital rational interest requires the emergence of statesmen who would put knowledge, education, innovation and entrepreneurship on the agenda of politics, as key elements of reform – policy ingredients without which it is not possible to achieve high employment.

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MULTIKULTURALIZMOM PROTIV PLURALIZMA – SLUČAJ DEJTONSKE BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE

Author(s): Asim Mujkić / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Publication Year: 0

The result of the process of Europeanization of the Balkans is a continuous loss of plurality of life forms, which flowed with the emergence of monoethnic nation states. Entering the modernity in the Balkans – in late nineteenth and early twentieth century – meant the resolution of social plurality. This process, when it comes to Bosnia and Herzegovina, which had no unequivocal ethnic host, has taken the form of constitutionally and politically imposed multiculturalism or constitutional multiculturalism, which is nothing more than an incubator for future mono-ethnic nation-states. In its fullest sense, apart from one state and a central nation, ethno-nationalism also requires its own, unique culture. In this sense, Gellner concludes that “under certain circumstances the implementation of these political formulas must include the exchange of population or expulsion, and more or less forced assimilation, and sometimes even liquidation, in order to achieve the close connection between the state and the culture that is the essence of nationalism.” The revolutionary national-statehood reconstruction of the plural Bosnian-Herzegovinian social and political community followed the form of a nation-state, as an inseparable part of the wave of democratization that had swept the eastern part of Europe. In considering alternatives to overcome this situation, the author suggests that the abolition of the ethno-political mechanism does not mean the abolition of the nation and its identity, it does not mean “the destruction of differences as such as the equalization of all. Conversely, it initiates the release and proliferation of differences – differences that do not create social hierarchies”. This is therefore a critique of the unjust socio-political hierarchy, a kind of political hegemony, and is not about the fight for the abolition of any kind of diversity, including ethnic. The aim is to abolish laws, socio-political structures that maintain hegemonic privileges, and the hierarchy topped by a class of ethno-political entrepreneurs. The author argues that the abolition of ethno-political mechanisms means the abolishment of the conditions that keep the citizens and peoples of Bosnia and Herzegovina in servitude.

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FIGURE DAYTONA: POJAM, SADRŽAJ I OBLICI DJELOVANJA MEĐUNARODNE ZAJEDNICE U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI

Author(s): Nerzuk Ćurak / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Publication Year: 0

United States of America have imposed on Bosnia and Herzegovina a legal-political construct which is beyond its centuries-old history. It is not predominantly the result of an ethical imperative to stop the violence in the belly of Europe, but the spirit of pragmatism that, “insisting on design, not to make sense, insists on the creation instead of evolution” because “the desire of providing a safe haven is the main cause of defects in the old systems.” Pragmatism interpolates the political doctrine based on “lack of history” without much concern into the area of “surplus of history”. This, the United States as a striking example of the culture with a “lack of history”, imposed on Bosnia and Herzegovina, as an important cultural area with a “surplus of history”, a peace agreement without internal Bosnian-Herzegovinian historical sense, asking all relevant parties in the Bosnian political game to accept the meeting of a history (the new Bosnia and Herzegovina made of entities) and history (unambiguous evidence of the legal-statehood existence of Bosnia and Herzegovina through time) in a possible contact point (which, in order to be plausible, was set in the plane of a history), which would, supposedly, enable BiH to survive as a political subjectivity. Such an approach, according to the pragmatic postulate that “recognizes as truth that which is practically useful,” should not surprise us, and we should treat it as intentionally anti-Bosnian, or intentionally pro-Bosnian. It is simply an imperial approach that has been transformed into a multilateral approach through the work of one particular geo-political figure – the international community. Is the international community in Dayton-made Bosnia and Herzegovina an acceptable linguistic construct that conceals the domination of the United States, or has the international community as an operational instrument of international policy relativized and degraded the key influence of the United States in a country which, from the standpoint of security management, is one of the biggest foreign policy successes of the US administration at the end of the twentieth century?

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OBRAZOVANOST STANOVNIŠTVA U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI

Author(s): Adila Pašalić Kreso / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Publication Year: 0

Pismenost je jedna od osnovnih pretpostavki razvoja svakog pojedinca i svakog društva. Podaci koji nam dolaze iz pregleda i analiza međunarodnih organizacija poput UN-a, UNESCO-a, OECD-a, EU ukazuju na zakonitost obrnute proporcionalnosti: što je niži obuhvat djece i mladih obrazovanjem, i što je stopa pismenosti stanovništva niža, to je stopa nezaposlenosti i ukupne nerazvijenosti društva veća. Višestruko je potvrđena tijesna povezanost između ekonomskog i socio-kulturnog razvoja i obrazovanja, ukazivanjem na vezu između prosječno dostignutog nivoa obrazovanosti koje stanovništvo jedne zemlje posjeduje i zapošljivosti, produktivnosti, ukupnog standarda i sl. Obrazovan se pojedinac svojim znanjem znatno uspješnije snalazi u intenzivnim promjenama koje donose društvene, ekonomske, kulturne, naučne, informacijsko-tehnološke, migracijske i sve druge promjene savremenog života. Statistički pokazatelji nedvojbeno ukazuju na logiku da što je viši nivo obrazovanja to je niža stopa nezaposlenosti I niži postotak onih koji se teško snalaze u društvenim tokovima i promjenama. Analiziranje statističkih podataka vezanih za obrazovanje i obrazovanost stanovništva u jednoj zemlji doprinosi jasnijoj spoznaji ukupnih društvenih mogućnosti i određivanju glavnih strateških ciljeva razvoja humanog kapitala. Ovaj rad zasnovan na proučavanju i obradi statističkih pokazatelja dobivenih nakon objavljenih rezultata popisa stanovništva BiH1 polovinom 2016. godine teži da predstavi realnu sliku obrazovanosti stanovništva u BiH i ukaže na najvažnije prednosti na koje se treba oslanjati u razvojnim projektima, ali i moguće nedostatke i probleme koje treba ubrzanije otklanjati.

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Ideje za reformu Izbornog zakonodavstva

Author(s): Mirko Pejanović / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Publication Year: 0

In this paper “Ideas for the Reform of Electoral Legislation”, apart an introduction, following segments are explored: social and historical conditions in which political pluralisms upon ethnic basis is formed in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1990, then, creation of legal frame regarding electoral system of Bosnia and Herzegovina in post Dayton development of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In topic’s elaboration, focus is situated on ideas for the reform of electoral legislation. Following ideas are presented: how to impose the regulation on a by- elections, in all numerous situations, when winning political parties delay an implementation of parliamentary elections more than six months. There is also an initiative for electoral census to be raised for the participation of political parties in parliamentarian elections, instead of 3% for the electoral census to be 5%. This is the way to create an enlargement of the political scene: a smaller number of political parties would participate in elections. At the same time, winning political parties would gain larger coalition potential. Additionally, there is the third idea for the reform of electoral legislation: introduction of technical innovations regarding the act of voting at the electoral places.

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Teškoće u unapređenju nauke i oblikovanju sistema nauke i univerziteta kao nosioca tehnološkog razvoja u Bosni i Hercegovini

Author(s): Dejan Milošević,Benjamin Fetić / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Publication Year: 0

Osnovna funkcija univerziteta, pored obrazovanja, je naučnoistraživački rad. Na bosanskohercegovačkim univerzitetima je naučnoistraživački rad zapostavljen. Dva su osnovna razloga za to. Prvi je nedovoljno finansijsko ulaganje u nauku i istraživanja, a drugi je nedovoljno razvijena svijest o značaju naučnoistraživačkog rada, kako u bosanskohercegovačkom društvu, tako i na samim univerzitetima. U ovom radu je ukazano na to šta je potrebno uraditi da se ova druga teškoća prevaziđe. Pored toga, analizirane su mogućnosti unapređenja nauke i oblikovanja sistema nauke na bosanskohercegovačkim univerzitetima, kako bi oni postali i istraživački univerziteti. Na naučnoistraživački rad se nadovezuju istraživačko-razvojni rad, tehnološki razvoj, saradnja s privredom i razvoj naučno-tehnoloških parkova. Ove djelatnosti su još manje zastupljene na bosanskohercegovačkim univerzitetima nego naučnoistraživački rad. U ovom radu je ukazano na načine kako prevazići te teškoće, kako bi istraživački univerziteti postali nosioci tehnološkog razvoja Bosne i Hercegovine.

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Difficulties in Advancement of Science and Shaping the System of Science and University as a Carrier of Technological Development in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Author(s): Dejan Milošević,Benjamin Fetić / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The primary function of the university, in addition to education, is scientific research. At Bosnia and Herzegovina universities, the scientific research has been neglected. There are two basic reasons for that. The first is insufficient financial investment in science and research, and the second is an underdeveloped awareness of the importance of scientific research work, both in the society of Bosnia and Herzegovina and in universities themselves. This paper indicates what needs to be done to overcome this latter difficulty. In addition, the possibilities for improving science and shaping the science system at universities in Bosnia and Herzegovina to make them research universities were analysed. Scientific research work builds on research and development work, technological development, cooperation with the economy and the development of science and technology parks. These activities are even less represented at universities in Bosnia and Herzegovina than scientific research work. This paper shows the ways how to overcome these difficulties, so that research universities become carriers of the technological development of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

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