Keramika iz Iznika s Dobora

Author(s): Aleksandar Jašarević / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 45/2016

Faience represent the most famous kind of ceramics that was produced in the Ottoman Empire. During the period of Ottoman rule in Bosnia, faience or porcelain, along with other luxury items for household equipment, found their place in the inventory of the rich beys and merchant families. Findings from Iznik ceramics testify the intensive trade or, rather, ramified retail networks of the 16th century in the Balkans. Of the total ceramic inventory that was found at the site, five vessels belong to the findings of oriental ceramic workshops. Typologically, among the findings of ceramics from Iznik, occur jars, lids and bowls. Although some of the material could come as a gift, diversity in style tells us a lot about the needs, tastes and aesthetic criteria of several generations of the wealthy family from Dobor.

Administrative Institutions and the Bulgarian Municipalities in the 1850s- 1870s

Author(s): Mihail Grancharov / Language(s): English Issue: 2-3/1993

Българското националнореволюционно движение, 1868-1874. Чужди документи. T. l-2. Под ред. на Кp. Шарова (отг. редактор) и Д. Дойнов. София, 1992. Т. 1. 1868-1871. 590 с.; Т. 2.1872-1874. 572 с.

Author(s): Veselin Traykov / Language(s): English Issue: 2-3/1993

Vasil N. Nenovič und Petăr Beron in Braşov

Author(s): Stoyan Maslev / Language(s): German Issue: 4/1993

The Morlachs from Sibenik’s Territory in Reports of the Venetian Officials in the 16th Century

Author(s): Dana Caciur / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2012

The peace period established in Dalmatia between the Venetian-Ottomanconflicts of 1537-1540 and 1570-1573 (the war of Cyprus) challenged the regionalVenetian administration from the hinterland of Sebenico (Šibenik) in the matter of thenew inhabitants arrived from the inner Balkans and their relations with the locals and theTurks. During their mandates, the Venetian officials had to find the best solutions inmaintaining the already reduced territory, collecting any profit from the newly arrived(settled or unsettled) people and facing the permanent Ottoman teasing of the permissiveborder. In this difficult administrative context, the Morlachs were probably the bestexample for the manner in which Venice found answers to these challenges. Involved inthe local commerce, in various local activities – the use of the public space, public goodsor lands – or becoming the victims of the Uskoks (a threat for the good peace with theOttomans), the Morlachs from the hinterland of Sebenico (Šibenik) played a significantrole in the local affairs and became an acceptable element of the regional politics of theboth great powers, the Venetian Republic and the Ottoman Empire.

ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ОСМАНСЬКИХ ІСТОРИЧНИХ ДЖЕРЕЛ ПРО УКРАЇНУ В ЗАРУБІЖНИХ КРАЇНАХ: 60-і роки ХХ – початок ХХІ ст.

Author(s): Ivan Tymiv / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 3/2014

In the article the brief review of the documentary collections and scientific works are presented. They are written by the historians who were the representatives of the Ukrainian diaspora and foreign authors that investigated the Ukrainian history of the XV-XVII centuries based in the Ottoman, Tatar and other sources. The subject of their scientific researches and the results are also mentioned.There is also presented an active studying of the Ottoman historical sources in the countries of West Europe especially in France, the USA and Canada were the department of the university and also the Turkic centre of the Ottoman documentary studying were formed. The improvement of the investigation was connected with the historians’ access to the Turkish archives files.The scientific works of the east ethnographer who studied and published the documents of the Ottoman and Tartar archives are presented. Especially the scientists of the Ukrainian origin such as Omelyan Pritsak, Viktor Ostapchuk, Lyubomyr Hayda. The attention is paid to the foreign scientists’ creative work. They are the Polish historian and archeographer Dariyusha Kolodzyeychyk, French investigators Shantal Lemersye Kelkezhe, Oleksandr Beninhsen, Mihen Berindey, American – Alan Fisher and others.The scientific activity of the French National scientific researches centers shown due to the programme "The Analyses and Publication of the Ottoman archives documents" under Oleksandr Beninhsen direction. The group of the researches under his direction published two important volumes of the documents from the Istanbul museum archive of Topkapy palace. One of these volumes includes the documents about the Crimean Khanat of the XV-XVIII centuries.The article also shows the research activity of the Ukrainian Scientific Institute of Harvard University (USA) under Omelyan Pritsak direction’s.The attention is drawn to his scientific and publishing activity connected with the publication of the magazine "Harvard Ukrainian Studies". It paid attention to the realization of the publishing project "Studied in Ottoman Documents Pertaining to Ukraine and the Black Sea Countries".In this article the scientists’ works of preparation and publishing of the Ottoman register that concern with Podillya is considered, especially its rewritten register of 1681 and also Turkish documents from the history of the Crimean Khante that are in the archives of the museum of Topkapy Palace.The article shows the works of the Crimean tartar researchers. They are professor of the University in Toronto Viktor Ostapchuk and professor of the University in Michigan – Alan Fisher. Their archeographical publications list is also given.As a conclusion it is mentioned that the foreign scientists’ research activity in the Ottoman archives and the publication of the discovered sources show a great amount of documents that concern the past of Ukraine. The actual material from these sources is interesting in its novelty and ability to supplement and refute the firmly established statements which concern the military cossacks’ activity against turks and tartars. Due to the foreign East ethnographers’ activity the hundreds f the Turkish are drawn in the scientific list of the documents of the Ottoman epoch. These documents promote the widening of the investigation from the Ukrainian history of the XVI-XVII centuries.

Hayâlî ve Bâkî’de “Tapşurdum” Redifli Gazellerin Mukayesesi

Author(s): Hanzade Güzeloğlu / Language(s): English Issue: 33/2017

As it known, pronunciational attractive of Ottoman poetry belongs to rhyme/redif, as well. The repeated word (redif), found out by the poet, must be impressive, remarkable and enough attractive to be the pivot of meaning of the poetry. In Hayâlî’s Divân there are two ghazals versed with the rhyme/redif “tapshurdum”, which is considered as an archaic word. As one more ghazal with repeated word “tapshurdum” edded among the poems belong to Hayâlî, founded out from a Majmua of Poetry, in total there are three ghazals with thise redif written by the poet. There is a ghazal written by Bâkî, a contemporary poet with Hayâlî. Bâkî and Hayâlî are important poets of Classical Turkish Literature, lived in XVIth century. Both of them in addition to their poetry, are two important poets, who impressed on the other Turkish poets. In this paper, three ghazals with redif “tapshurdum” of Hayâlî and one ghazal with the same redif of Bâkî are trying to examined in aspect of rhyme, vocabulary, theme and the elements, which consider attractive of meaning and voice of poetry. The similarities and differences between those ghazals, versed in the same redif, rhyme, meter and theme; and from thise point the characteristic way of saying of both poets is trying to be shown.

Karakter Sentezleyici Bir Roman Olarak Osmancık’ta Yapı Unsurları

Author(s): Tuba Dalar / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 23/2014

The grand mission of a novel is to explain the relationship among people. The historical novel is a literary type that takes its plot from a certain time in history, chooses real heroic people who lived in history, or real / imaginary characters around them, and intertwines reality and fiction. Although a historical novel is written in the framework of history, its deep layers are twined with universal human realities. Taking its theme from the foundation years of Ottoman Empire, Osmancık is a historical novel that describes Osmancık’s spiritual change and transformation process in an impressionistic style. The novel narrates the changing destiny of a nation unde rOsmancık’s leadership. This change is explained with the model of ‘triangular desire’.

Milli Mücadele Döneminde I. TBMM’nin Ermeni Tehcirine Bakışı

Author(s): Nurhan Aydın / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 25/2015

Mondros Armistice Agreement which was made at the end of World War I was the beginning of a new era for the political life in Ottoman Empire. What Ottoman Governments, which were established after the Armistice Agreement, death with were the precautions that had been taken against the Armenian revolts and attacks during the World War I and punishment of those who had been in charge for the said issues. Claiming that they had been treated cruelly in this period, Armenian claimed many things from Ottoman Empire in this period. Because this condition was in favour of the Allied Powers, they usually interfered into the internal affairs of Ottoman Empire supporting the claims of Armenians and made serious pressures on Ottoman Governments. In this context, Ottoman Empire applied such policies as trying and punishing its officers who were claimed to have abused their offices during Armenian deportation, in order to relieve the pressures put by the Allied powers and prevents their using the claims of Armenians as a pretext. Actually, the reason why this issue remained on agenda is that it was used as a domestic political affair. Therefore, Armenian deportation was used as a domestic political issued on one hand and as a tool for condemning and destroying a nation on the other hand. The armistice agreement climate offered a good opportunity for doing it. It is observed that although Allied Powers and Armenians had different purposes, they used the same means. The Armenian deportation which was used as an instrument for the domestic politics, during the time a nation was at the point of life and death, paved the way for Allied Powers to achieve their objectives. Under the pressure of European countries, Ottoman Governments also did not do their duties duly. After National Pact was accepted in the Last Ottoman Parliament, the perception about the Armenian issue changed critically. It was declared that the rights to minorities would be accepted if the Muslim minorities in the neighbouring countries were given the same rights. It was a process. It was the first firm stance against Europe with regards to Armenians. Of course, this process was led by the National Resistance whose leader was Mustafa Kemal.

Tanzimat Döneminde Osmanlı Devletinin Nehirler ve Göller İle İlgili Yaptığı Bazı Düzenlemeler

Author(s): Levent Küçük / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 26/2015

From the very beginnings of 14th century, the Ottomans gained knowledge and experience during the rule of Mediterranean and Black Sea region, providing them with great advantages in the later years as they took over the mariner practices from the western Anatolian seigniors. The empire, which gained the sea rule, did not only make regulations concerning the economic activity and transportation strategy on seas but also rivers and lakes all over the empire. Moreover, military practices were developed by navigation logistics on the lakes and rivers. Ottomans intended to resume the territories they lost and systematize not only the road traffic but also the potential benefit of sea routes by enacting marine law including the regulation of marine activities. This study aims to highlight what kind of efforts were spent by the Ottomans to revitalize the sea trade on the rivers and lakes in spite of the marine technology used by the big powers. Also, what kind of cautions were taken by the Ottomans to stop the danger of overflows appearing in spring and their solution of finding the ways of creating favorable conditions for agricultural activities making use of the rivers will be explored.

19. Yüzyıl Divan Şairi İbrahim Fehmî ve Divanı

Author(s): Ahmet İçli / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 28/2015

Turks have created / composed rich literary texts at various periods throughout history. One of such periods is the brilliant / productive are of Divan Literature. That area, which was shaped in accordance with the Ottoman culture and perception of the world, and which was shaped by a strong interactive bonds with various cultures, survived until the 19th century. The literature labeled as Divan Literature was based upon Western Turkish / Ottoman Turkish. A great many poets, who spoke Ottoman Turkish, created innumerable collections and literary texts. Following the communication and interaction with the Western culture after the Reform (Tanzimat) period, Western literary forms and topics began to appear in an increasing frequency in Turkish Literature. However, even in this century, many artists / literary figures continued to compose traditional Divan forms and themes. During the same period, the increasing use of the printing pres made it possible to publish and spread the collections. Many poets aimed to get their works published through the printing press and spread them to larger audiences. Many poets, however, either died at a very early age, or was unable to make themselves known by the public. Yet, some others, were unable to get their works published, still, their poems / collections were published by either their relatives or some laymen at a later time. One of the 19th century poets, İbrahim Fehmi, composed enough poems to make a collection in the style of Divan literature. After his collection was designed by his son, Süleyman Salim, it was published in 1870 or 1871. In this study, some data / information will be presented about İbrahim Fehmi’s life, brief literary perception and poetry collection.

Bir Mimar Sinan Eseri Kapı Ağası Hadım Mahmûd Ağa Caminin Hicri 1020 (M.1611) Yılına Ait Vakıf Defteri

Author(s): Ahmet Uyanıker / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 30/2016

The system of foundation plays an important role and a function in ensuring social and national solidarity in Turkish society in the lifetime of more than six hundred years of the Ottoman Empire. Since public works, education and culture, health and welfare services of the Ottoman settlements were met largely by foundations. In this context, in almost all cities of the Ottoman Empire the works of the foundations that were built by Ottoman statesmen and benevolent citizens can be found. Among the cities of Ottoman, Istanbul has several military, civil and religious works as it was the capital of the State for many years A portion of these works have survived resisting for many years. These structures are subjected to different studies from historical, architectural and cultural aspects. One of the historic structures that has survived from the Ottoman Empire in Istanbul is Mahmud Ağa Mosque. The work was built by Suleiman the Magnificent’s Babüssaade, Mahmûd Ağa, it is also referred to as a work of Architect Sinan. The mosque is still open to worship in Sutluce District- Damar Street in Istanbul. The mosque is not much known as paled in comparison with other works of Architect Sinan in Istanbul, and there is not much information and document about it. In this study, it was aimed to give an information about this less known work of Architect Sinan and the founder of the mosque's foundation with the existing knowledge and the data contained in the book belonging to the year Hijri 1020 (1611 A.D.) of Mahmud Ağa Mosque. Since, there has been no other foundation books than the examined one found about the mosque and its builder in the document scanning of Ottoman Archives in Prime Ministry. The emergence of new documents in the following years will contribute to the subject.

II. Abdülhamid Döneminde Mahkemelerin Islahına Dair Hazırlanan Layihalar ve İsimsiz Bir Layiha Örneği

Author(s): Kemal Saylan / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 31/2016

Important innovations and reforms had been carried out in courts like other many institutions of the Ottoman Empire in Tanzimat Period. Before Tanzimat period, there were three kinds of courts namely sheria courts, minorities (cemaat) courts and consular courts. During the Tanzimat period, trade and nizamiye courts were also added and the types of courts were increased. Some problems were experienced in the function of these courts due to change and reconstruction with the Tanzimat period. Politicians determined the problems and find solutions. Sometimes the Sultan, sometimes ministry of justice assigned experts to determine the problems. Sometimes the personnel in the court house determined the problems about courts being assigned and they presented the results to the related offices as reports. During the time of Abdulhamid II, reports were perepared about courts of justice like other many government institutions. In this study, 5 of the detected 6 reports were introduced with respect to there and 1 of the reports were simplified and presented in order to show the problems of the courts.

Milenyum Sonrasi Türk Diş Politikasi: Yeni Osmanlicilik Ve Türk Avrasyaciliği Ekseninde İnşa Edilen Bir Pragmatizm

Author(s): Göktürk Tüysüzoğlu / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 3/2013

At the Post Cold War era, Turkey revealed an eagerness for overcoming the geographical determinism and securitization that embedded into its foreign policy. However, this desire roomed into a dimension of discourse because of the political and economical problems. One of the most important reasons the foreign policy understanding that stressed upon the former Ottoman geography and Eurasia falls through is the lack of theoretical dimension. The doctrinal approach of Ahmet Davutoğlu, named as Strategic Depth, is the main fulcrum of the alteration that can be seen at Turkish Foreign Policy. This doctrine is named also as Neo Ottomanism, due to its aim of making Turkey a Eurasian power by referencing the Ottoman geography and cultural cooperation. Wider region that Davutoğlu named as Afro-Eurasia and involves North Africa, Middle East, Balkans, Caucasia, Black Sea Basin and the Central Asia could be seen as the area of implementation. In this respect, the doctrine of Strategic Depth would be seen as a geopolitical initiative based on civilization in respect of the Ottoman reference. Cooperation that makes sense by history, affinity of socioculture and religion at the former Ottoman land, would be legitimized over the Turkish identity when Central Asia is discussed. This insight can be seen as a different interpretation of the Turkish Eurasianism which interiorised a pragmatist attitude by the reference of Ottoman Empire and theorized by the impact of the Russian Eurasianist notion. Hence, Strategic Depth rejects the content of the Eurasianist thought which opposes the Western civilization and aims to locate Turkey as bridge between the civilizations. This policy that named as Strategic Depth or Neo Ottomanism uses the conservative approach as a base concerning the Turkish Eurasianist notion.

Milliyetçi Teleolojiyi Aşmak: Osmanli Imparatorluğu Ve Karşilaştirmali Milliyetçilik Çalişmalari

Author(s): Çağdaş Sümer / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2013

The Ottoman empire is a promising field in terms of the nationalist movements which appeared throughout the 19th and early 20th century. Although many monographies, which focus on the genesis of particular nationalist movements exist, there are very few studies analyzing those movements from a comparative perspective. This article will argue that this gap stems from the fact that nationalist teleology used to be a dominant paradigm in Ottoman historiography in general and nationalism studies in particular. This teleology, which depends on the idea that the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire into nation-states was an inevitable process, originates from three antecedents. The first factor is the nationalist historiographies which dominate the field both in Turkey and post-Ottoman states. The second, is the use of theories of nationalism by scholars in a way that reproduces this nationalist teleology. The final factor is the state-centered and teleological paradigms, which exist in Ottoman-Republican historiography. This article will argue that, by analyzing nationalist movements in the Ottoman empire comparatively, by reinstating them into a historical context and by elucidating the causal mechanisms behind these movements, we will be able to overcome this nationalist teleology.

Nadir Şah’in İran’da Tahta Geçmesi Ve Bazi Faaliyetleri

Author(s): Oktay Kizilkaya,Erdal Sezgi / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 35/2017

After the fall of the Safavid dynasty in Iran in 1736, the Afshar came to the power. Upon Iran's invasion by the Owaisi of Afghanistan in 1722, Sultan Husayn the Safavid Shah left his country and took refuge in the Ottoman capital city of Istanbul. Therefore, an authority gap and internal struggles began in Iran. In this period, the country witnessed wars among Russians, Ottomans and Afghan Owaisis, and, meanwhile, governor khans struggled for power. During these internal and external struggles, Nader Khan managed to expel Afghan Owaisis, Russians and Ottomans out of Iran and established himself as the only authority. In the council that he organised in Mugan Plain in 1736, he had himself declared as the Shah. Possessing an intelligent and brave character, Nadir Quli Khan freed Iran's territory from invading powers in a short period of time and he even tried to expand Iran's land by making campaigns to capture Ottoman regions of Baghdad, Mosul, Kirkuk, Van, Kars and Caucasia. He levied new taxes to meet the campaign costs. As Iranian people got poor due to internal struggles and invasions, these new taxes became a source of unrest. In 1747, Nader Shah was assassinated and subsequently Iran's territorial integrity was lost again.

Düzce’ye Gelen Kafkasya Muhacirlerinin Karşilaştiklari Sikintilar Ve Muhacirlere Yapilan Yardimlar

Author(s): İbrahim Bozbıyık / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 35/2017

The Caucasus has always been an important region during the history. Dominant powers over Anatolia have given particular importance to the Caucasus. It has almost been a historical rule that you have to come to the fore in the Caucasus, in order to be permanent in Anatolian territories. The Ottoman Empire, which is one of the most magnificent empires of the world in all aspects, has also not been indifferent towards the Caucasus region. The importance that the Ottoman Empire has given to the Caucasus has increased day by day in parallel to the increase of Russian power. Because of Russia’s Russification activities in the Caucasus region and pressure and violence policy over the local people in the area, millions of people, leaving their hometowns, had to migrate to the Ottoman Empire. Mass migration, occurring in a period when the Ottoman Empire regressed in every aspect, and settling of the immigrants is a fairly hard issue. In spite of all kinds of difficulty, Ottoman Empire has succeeded in managing these immigrants successfully and tried to make them one of the habitants of the area. While Düzce was a small place with little population throughout the long terms of the Ottoman Empire, its population has increased day by day along with the Caucasus Migration. During the settlement of immigrants in Düzce, similar problems have occurred as the other regions and, both the studies of the officials and the help of the local people have great importance in order to solve these problems.

Tunus Devriminin Arka Plani

Author(s): Nebahat Tanriverdi / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2011

This article discusses the uprisings in Tunisia by examining the country’s historical transition from Ottoman Empire rule to the recent events of today. The main focus of the article is to demonstrate how Tunisia has evolved historically by focusing on the Ottoman Era, French protectorate, early independence years, the transition from one party system to a multiparty system, and opposition movements. In this respect, the article aims to serve for a more effective analysis of recent uprisings and the democratic transition of the country.

16. Yüzyılda Kırım'da Köle Ticareti

Author(s): Zübeyde Günes Yağcı / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 8/2006

The Ottomans completely controlled the Black Sea trade including slave trade after the conquest of Constantinople. Up to the 16th century, the Ottoman Empire met its slave needs from the war captives and from frontier raids in the Balkans. However, the increasing military resistance in Europe against the Ottomans forced them to find out other ways to meet the demand for slave. Therefore, the Crimean Khanate took over this opportunity and began to export slaves to the Ottoman Empire. It was after this that the Crimean Tatars began to organise raids into Russia, Poland and Caucasus for slaves, and they filled the Ottoman and Egyptian slave markets.

1877-1878 Osmanlı Rus Savaşına Katılan Mısır Ordusu

Author(s): Süleyman Kızıltoprak / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 3/2004

The 1877-78 Turko-Russian War, which the Ottoman state fought under very difficult circumstances, necessitated mobilization of all available sources. Meanwhile, Egypt provided an important military support. This war ended with Ottoman defeat due to generally lack of military force and equipment, and particularly to the very strategic mistakes. The Egyptian troops were accustomed of the hot clime of the south, and, thus, they were in great difficulty during the winter of the Northeast Balkans, where they were stationed. However, it is factual that they served good during the battles.