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Cestovné záznamy kráľovského komorníka Marka z Vysokej z roku 1517 (edícia)

Author(s): Rastislav Luz / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2019

Mark of Vysoká chamberlain to King Louis II was sent on a mission to the Ottoman Empire in 1517. His aim was to meet Prince Süleyman, son of Sultan Selim, and if possible also meet the imprisoned Hungarian envoy Barnabas Béley. Mark and his group achieved the aim of their mission in a short time – after 19 days of travel. He kept a detailed record of his stay in the city of Edirne and return journey, but only three fragments survive today. The study presents an analysis of the historical context of the mission and an edition of the surviving fragments of Mark’s record of the journey.

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SÜSLEYİCİ BİR GEREÇ OLARAK DÜĞME VE OSMANLI DÖNEMİNDE KULLANILAN ÖRME DÜĞMELER ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME

Author(s): Mine Can / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 32/2020

It is known that buttons has been used since ancient times as one of the accessories completing the garment. In the past, button was an element that is designed and produced carefully, prepared with special stones or valuable metals such as gold and silver, completing the worn garments, determining the status of the person wearing it and showing one’s character not only appearance. The buttons on the clothes worn by people are accepted as an indicator of the wearer's wealth and authority not a simple means of hooks. As in many civilizations throughout history, attention has been paid for the construction of the button during Ottoman period. Especially in Ottoman Palace that is a center that directs the apparel, diamonds, rubies, turquoise, jade and emerald buttons were used on the clothes of people representing the power of wealth that was sewn by precious fabric Among these ones, buttons created by weaving thin wires taken from gold and silver are quite remarkable. These buttons are often used on characteristic clothes of the period such as suits jacket, bindallı, three skirts. Buttons that are round shaped or in the form of drops were created by a special weaving technique using sim or a braid on a filler prepared by paper.

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Re-Think the Tanzimat Period and Its Inheritance in Context of Relationship between Education and Culture

Author(s): Erol Ciydem,Yavuz Ozdemir,Nevin Hilal Erturk / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

Education and culture are two areas closely related to each other. Especially the changes and transformation in the field of education brought by the modern period radically changed the cultural characteristics of the societies. The Tanzimat Period means the reform period starting from 1839 with the proclamation of Gulhane Hatt-ı Humayunu (Tanzimat Edict) to the year of 1876 in which the Ottoman Empire was proclaimed a constitutional monarchy. The reforms in the Tanzimat Period turned into a social modernization project. The Tanzimat Period means disengagement in the cultural area just like in many other areas from the previous period in the Ottoman Empire. In this study were analyzed the educational reforms in the Tanzimat Period where the first comprehensive initiatives toward modernization were launched in the Ottoman Empire, and the impacts of these reforms on the individuals and the social culture. It was discussed what kind of legacy this period leaved to the Turkish Republic in the context of the relationship between education and culture. In addition, it was aimed to re-evaluate the education-culture relationship in this period by breaking away from the existing stereotypes. Historical research was used as a method in this study.

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Est-ce que Georges de Hongrie alias Captivus Septemcastrensis ait passé à l’Islam ?

Author(s): Cristina Feneşan / Language(s): French Issue: 1-4/2020

Unlike other works on Captivus Septemcastrensis alias George of Hungary, a Dominican monk, the present paper proves his temporary conversion to Islam during the twenty years of captivity in the Ottoman state. This is why in writing his Tractatus de moribus, condicionibus et nequicia Turcorum, being ashamed of his Ottoman past, the author did not mention in any way his change of religious faith. In order to eliminate any suspicion of temporary apostasy, George of Hungary overdid his unflinching Catholic faith, although as an Ottoman captive he officiated at an Anatolian mosque, preached in the presence of his neighbours, of errant dervishes and of other suphis, had a wide knowledge of popular Islam, and was very close to the Mevlevi Order.

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KİTAP DEĞERLENDİRME – H. Baha Öztunç, Tanzimat Döneminde Bir Rumeli Şehri Manastır Sosyo-Ekonomik Yapı (1839-1876)

Author(s): İlyas Ak / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2021

Review of: H. Baha Öztunç, Tanzimat Döneminde Bir Rumeli Şehri Manastır Sosyo-Ekonomik Yapı (1839-1876), Kitabevi Yayınları, İstanbul 2020, 297 sayfa, ISBN: 978-605-7819-32-1.

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KİTAP DEĞERLENDİRME: Ottmar Trașcă and Stelian Obiziuc, Diplomați români în slujba vieții: Constantin I.Karadja și salvarea evreilor din Europa în timpul celui de-al treilea Reich (1932-1944)/

Author(s): Liliana Boşcan Altin / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

Review of: Ottmar Trașcă and Stelian Obiziuc, Diplomați români în slujba vieții: Constantin I.Karadja și salvarea evreilor din Europa în timpul celui de-al treilea Reich (1932-1944)/ Romanian Diplomats in the Service of Humanity: Constantin I. Karadja and the Salvation of Romanian Jews in Europe during the Third Reich (1932-1944), Argonaut, Cluj-Napoca, 2017 (748 pp., index, list of facsimiles and abbreviations, 331 unpublished documents) [Introductory Study in Romanian and English by Ottmar Trașcă and Stelian Obiziuc, preface by Radu Ioanid, postface by Dennis Deletant], ISBN: 9789731096735.

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The Problems of the Military Provisions and Payouts and Their Consequences during the Upper Hungary Campaign of 1664.

Author(s): Zoltán Igor Komjáti / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

This study concentrates on the financial and alimentative problems of the Anti-Turkish Campaign of Upper Hungary in 1664, and on the military abuses derived from the shortage of the adequate supplying. Due to the often happening contemporary logistic shortages and the exiguousness of the Hungarian resources, the Imperial War Council supplied with difficulty the German–Hungarian Army led by General Louis de Souches and Stephen I. Koháry, General-Captain of Fiľakovo (who was commissioned twice to Commander of the Hungarian Troops during the campaign). The obtaining of the payout was always on the agenda in the agreements with the county magistrates, and by order of Palatine Francis Wesselényi, the magnates and the prelates were also obliged to surrender grain crops and other foods. In spite of the very often shortage of supplying, the commanders managed to solve the problems, and the Christian Army successfully re-captured Nitra and Levice, and were also victorious on the battlefield of Žarnovica and Hronský Beňadik. But the encamped soldiers were encouraged by the unsystematic paying and food supplying to pillage the inhabitants of the surrounding settlements. The campaign also gave an opportunity for the looting of the vagrant soldiers who often could not be called to account for their crimes, because they did not serve under the banners. To avoid the pillages and atrocities, the only solution was that trusted and disciplinable soldiers were recruited in the camp, and by means of issuing strict orders, the commerce of the stolen livestock were forbidden in all of free and royal towns. The magistrates of certain settlements and other owners asked for safe-conduct or safeguard garrison from the commanders trying to assure the protection for the inhabitants and their belongings.

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Singing on ‘The World's Stage’: Kanto and Late Ottoman Social Life

Author(s): Erik Backthrone-O'barr / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

The staged theater was among the most crucial venues during the late Ottoman Empire for the expression of new modes of social activity and the display of changing fashions and customs, and as such actors, actresses and theater managers represented key figures in the broader process of Ottoman cultural modernization. In 1898, a group of rising artists founded a theater company in Istanbul named the Sahne-i Âlem, “The World’s Stage.” Despite the brief period in which it operated, the theater represented a major development in the public visibility and self-management of women’s labor in the late Ottoman Empire. This paper examines three actresses and singers who managed the Sahne-i Âlem (Peruz Terzakyan, Şamram Kelleciyan and Minyon Virjini) as representative of the modernized city and the discourses that shaped it. The study, which examines non-Muslim female kanto artists belonging to the marginalized populations of Istanbul, explores some of the more understudied aspects of social life during the last years of the Ottoman period.

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Reflections of Ottoman Studies: A Contextual Analysis of University Education in Bangladesh

Author(s): Anisur Rahman / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

The main aim of this paper is to explore the current situation of Ottoman studies in the universities of Bangladesh. It surveys the first-hand data showing that universities’ interest in this field and investigates course-contents of the different universities of Bangladesh in which Ottoman history being introduced. Accordingly, the primary sources in doing so are syllabi, curriculum, course packages, and research publications of the Bangladeshi academic environment, which are also the basis of the study’s conceptual framework. The article follows a holistic approach via describing and analyzing the topic through primary and secondary sources. It also compares and interprets the data with building a cause effect relationship of the phenomenon. It, finally, presents recommendations regarding the prospects of Ottoman studies in Bangladesh.

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Sadrazam Mehmed Said Paşa’nın (Küçük) İngiliz Büyükelçiliğine Sığınması (1895)

Author(s): Emel Demir Görür / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 29/2021

In this study, Mehmed Said Pasha, an important government man who became grand vizier five times as of the relevant date and one of the important figures of the Sultan II. Abdulhamid period, took refuge in the British Embassy, the reasons for his refuge, and the negotiations between Sultan and Pasha through emissaries and the efforts to convince Said Pasha were discussed in detail. Under the mediation of British Ambassador Sir Philip Currie and under the leadership of the Austrian Ambassador Baron Calice, the involvement of the ambassadors was examined. The study was handled with the Ottoman Archive Documents and British Archive Documents, which contain the correspondence and reports submitted by British Ambassador Currie with the Ottoman and British authorities. To follow the reflections of the issue of the European and especially British public opinion, European-origin newspapers and memoirs were used by taking the precautionary principle into consideration.

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Osmanlı Devleti’nde Frengi İle Mücadeleye Adanmış Kısa Bir Ömür: Hüdavendigar Vilayeti Seyyar Frengi Tabibi Nuri Ömer Efendi

Author(s): Mehmet GÜNEŞ / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 29/2021

Syphilis which started to be seen as an epidemic especially in Kastamonu province and in Central Black Sea Region, Central Anatolia, Eastern Anatolia and the Balkans beginning from the second half of the 19th century became an important problem for the Ottoman State from the end of the century and maintained its influence also in the 20th century despite the precautions taken. For preventing the disease, numerous precautions were tired to be taken with instructions and regulations puplished in different dates since the 93 War when the disease started to increase again. One of the precautions taken within the scope of these regulations was the establishment of traveling medical committees for the places where there was no hospital and for the ones who were far away and could not go to a hospital. In the field, the traveling physicians were the most active staff of the committee consisting of medical departments and traveling physicians that were divided as affiliated to an traveling medical inspector and according to the sanjaks. Their major duty was to detect patiens and to treat them with the medicine provided by the state by visiting the villages and towns where there was no hospital and following the course of the disease.It was Nuri Ömer Efendi who was one of the traveling physicians operating in various regions of the country in the fight against syphilis in the early 20th century. In this study, it was aimed to provide information related to travel medicine profession with the activities of Nuri Ömer Efendi appointed to the duty of traveling physician of syphilis in Hüdavendigar Province and demonstrating this as the example in the scope of fighting against syphilis in the early 20th century as district of Domaniç in İnegöl being its centre. The major sources of the study were documents in various classifications in the Ottoman Archives of the Prime Ministry.

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II. ABDÜLHAMİD DEVRİ’NDE İŞKODRA VİLAYETİNDE RÜŞDİYELER

Author(s): İlkay ERKEN / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2021

The Ottoman State started its attempts to change fundamentally in education during the Tanzimat Reform Era. During this period, the requirement for improvement in education was widely accepted throughout the country. In the discussions at which stage the improvement would begin, the Ottoman Junior High School-rushdiyes came to the fore in order to provide the educated masses required for the implementation of innovations in other fields. The opening and dissemination of these schools were similar to the process of implementing decisions for the overall education. It was in the reign of Abdulhamid the Second especially in the 1869 Maarifi Umumiye Ordinance, the application and dissemination of the comprehensive decisions regarding education. Like other schools in Shkodra, the number of rushdiyes increased during this period. The quality of education was tried to be improved with the changes in the Ottoman Junior High Schools’ programs. However, rushdiyes could not reach the desired level in Shkodra. The financial difficulties experienced by the province were caused this. In addition, difficulties in obtaining teachers were also important. It was difficult to produce graduates at the desired level in schools that provided new style education with teachers who applied traditional education methods. The supervision of the student presence in these schools and the regular implementation of the curriculum had not been made sufficiently either. As a matter of fact, the necessary sanctions were not applied against the irregularities that observed during the inspections. The clearest indication of this was that teachers who did not fulfill their duties properly continued to work.

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AVUSTURYA-MACARİSTAN İMPARATORLUĞU’NUN BOSNA VE HERSEK’İ İLHAKI (5 EKİM 1908) VE MÜTEAKİP GELİŞMELER

Author(s): Senem GÖNENÇ / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2021

It was definitely stated in the Treaty of Berlin (1878) and in the Convention of Istanbul dated April 21, 1879 that the provinces of Bosnia and Herzegovina were temporarily occupied by the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the rights of sovereignty of the Sultan over the provinces of Bosnia and Herzegovina weren’t effected by the occupation. Despite this, the Austro-Hungarian Empire declared on October 5, 1908 that it annexed the provinces of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina was an act contrary to the decision taken by the Austro-Hungarian Empire with Russia in 1897 to protect the status quo in the Balkans and the decisions of Mürzsteg (1903). Therefore, with this act, the Austro-Hungarian Empire disrupted the treaty with the Ottoman Empire as well as the European status quo and opposed the states that signed the Treaty of Berlin, particularly Russia. In this article, answers were sought to the questions of why the Austro-Hungarian Empire annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina, how the annexation was reacted by other governments, especially the Sublime Porte, what the consequences of the annexation were. The study is original and important because it deals with this issue which is addressed mostly in point of relations between the great powers, in terms of its reflections on the Ottoman government through Ottoman archive documents.

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OSMANLI ŞEHİRLERİNDE VAKIFLAR VE KÜLTÜREL HAYAT: SELANİK VE SOFYA

Author(s): Mehmet Tuğrul,Mehmet Bulut / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2021

The Balkans was the region where the Ottomans put their imagination of city and civilization into practice. The most crucial motive that made the Ottomans permanent in this region was the waqf institution. The waqf, which dates back to ancient times, has become one of the most important institutions of the Islamic civilization and the Ottoman Empire. In this respect, it is necessary to analyze the waqf system in order to understand the social and economic structure of the Ottoman Empire. For this purpose, the comparative analysis of two cities selected from the Balkans will form the basis of the study. In this study, in the light of the waqf documents determined from the General Directorate of Foundations, the Greek Macedonian History Archive and the Sofia National Library archives, a comparative analysis of the foundation works and services performed in the cities of Thessaloniki and Sofia will be analyzed.

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M. Hakan Yavuz, Nostalgia for the Empire: The Politics of Neo-Ottomanism

Author(s): Emir O. Filipović / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

Review of: M. Hakan Yavuz, Nostalgia for the Empire: The Politics of Neo-Ottomanism. Oxford University Press, 2020, 337 pages.

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Organizacija vojnog pohoda u Osmanskom carstvu

Author(s): Mehmet Yaşar Ertaş / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 17/2021

U svjetskoj povijesti, kada je u pitanju umijeće ratovanja i vojna kultura, jedna od najzapaženijih država je svakako Osmansko carstvo. Činjenicom da je Osmansko carstvo od samog osnutka vodilo učestale ratove, sposobnost ratovanja je napredovala, čak je postala bitna odlika državnog uređenja. Organizacija države, i upravna i ekonomska, bila je u potpunosti prilagođena što lakšoj organizaciji vojnog pohoda, i to je vrlo bitan faktor uspješnog ratovanja Osmanskog carstva. Organizaciju ratnog pohoda u Osmanskoj državi je moguće analizirati kroz pet točaka: osnaživanje pograničnih obrambenih jedinica od trenutka odluke o novom pohodu, sabiranje vojske, omogućavanje izdržavanja vojske tokom pohoda, mobilizacija sredstava za prijenos oružja, opreme i vojnika i, na koncu, logistička priprema dometnih točaka (gostionice, odmorišta) koje bi služile za odlaganje i čuvanje potrepština.

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Ethiopia’s Relation with the Ottomans: From Hostility to Understanding

Author(s): Nigusu Adem Yimer,Belay Beyene Chekole / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2022

This study examines the long-standing hostile and distrustful relations between Ethiopia and the Ottoman Empire. The Ethio-Ottoman antagonistic relation was not coincident; somewhat, the interest of the Ottoman to supervise the political, economic, and religious life of the Red Sea and Northeast Africa regions primarily stemmed the hostility. The presence of the Portuguese in the Red-Sea region and its subsequent alignment with Ethiopia further worsened the Ethio-Ottoman belligerency. The positioning of the Ottomans with the Adal Sultanate had also complicated the Ethio-Ottoman relations and brought with them generations of distrust. This article recounts the dynamics of the Ethio-Ottoman relations, mainly focusing on the changing aspects of hostility and understanding. The paper tries to address the Ethio-Ottoman relations in three major sections. The first section of the study explains the root of the Ethio-Ottomans' hostile and distrustful relations. The second section of the paper is devoted to showing the dynamic of the essence of the Ethio-Ottoman relations in the seventeenth, eighteenth, and nineteenth centuries. The last section elucidates the Ethio-Ottoman connections during the era of Sultan Abdülhamit II. The study employs an analytical, interpretive approach to analyze archival documents and secondary works of literature.

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Remarks on the Part of Ottoman History in Nişancızâde’s Mir’âtü’l-Kâinât

Author(s): Göker İnan / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 3/2022

Nişancızâde Mehmed Efendi (d.1031/1621) was a famous chronicle writer and one of the prominent scholars of the seventeenth century. He was born during the reign of Süleyman I and lived under the reign of seven Ottoman sultans, including Osman II; and became well-known with his work Mir’âtü’l-Kâinât, covering significant events from the beginning of the universe to the end of the Süleyman I’s reign. Thus, in the chronicle, the part dealing with Ottoman history covers the period from Osman Gazi to the end of Süleyman I’s rule. This article analyzes this part of Mir’âtü’l-Kâinât as it is one of the most significant contributions to the details of Nişancızâde's life. For instance, some sources have contradictory information about his birthday. Whereas the year he was born becomes apparent thanks to the details he provided in Mir’âtü’l-Kâinât about his relatives. The primary source of this article is Mir’âtü’l-Kâinât's autograph copy in the State Library of Berlin. As a result of a comparative analysis of this manuscript along with other chronicles and biographies, the study deducts that Hoca Sadeddin Efendi’s Tâcü’t-Tevârîh is the primary source for the Ottoman history part of Mir’âtü’l-Kâinât.

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Süleyman Şah’ı ‘Osmanlıların Atası’ Yapan Rivayetin Tarihî Menşei: Ca‘ber Kalesi Önündeki Mezar Süleyman Şah’a Mı Aitti?

Author(s): Hakan Yılmaz / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 3/2022

This study aims to investigate the narratives of Suleyman Shah, who was a central figure in the migration and settlement processes of the Ottomans’ ancestors. The narrative will be deconstructed in consideration of the contemporary sources, the ethnographical evidence, and the archival resources and accordingly, it will be figured out on what grounds it has emerged and incorporated into the main corpus of the Ottoman narrative sources. Moreover, it is attempted to identify to whom the tomb in the Qalat Jabar actually belongs, which is commonly attributed to Suleyman Shah. Contextualizing and problematizing the narrative of Suleyman Shah in the Ottoman sources and in the related literature, it seeks to shed more light on the issue of the origins of the Ottomans, which is one of the most important and yet obscure topics regarding the debates on the ancestors of the Ottomans. The intricate accounts and the narratives dispersed in the different chronicles has rendered the issue further complicated. The study aims to provide a suggestive step towards overcoming the inadequacy of the comparative and critical studies on the fundamental narratives concerning the founders of the state and in doing so, it is hoped to contribute to the discussions about the foundation of the Ottoman state.

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Gazi Husrev-beg u kontroverznim historiografskim perspektivama

Author(s): Ramiza Smajić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 7/2022

While former Yugoslav historiography had a kind of schedule of scientific research centers (Zagreb far Latin work, Sarajevo far work in Turkish, and Belgrade far work on Visant sources) the end of the 20th century developed new national historiographies that approach the history of the Ottoman period from its point of view. Since this period constitutes a common past of the people of large part of the Balkans, today we can analyze how and what extent regional historiographies explore common historical figures and events. Although historiography can be followed by Gazi Husrev-bey 's life and military journey through the Balkan territories, the perception of his character and work remained within the margins of the basic facts of the historical reality of the 16th century. Given the areas where the mention of Gazi Husrev's name and works remained widely present, the research corps on this topic is diverse, but in the foreground based on samples of archival material and representative units of domestic and foreign historiographic literature. The basic thesis I would like to present is that even the most established facts of the past cannot avoid contradictions and debatable interpretations, largely dependent on the point of view or focus shaped by stereotypes, exclusive hypotheses through the paradigm of social awareness as well as the interests of time and politics in some historiographic circles. Through sel examples of research approaches, it can be noted that they are related to the lack of involvement of scientists in incorporating research results into the education system. In addition, the Bologna system has narrowed research topics and they are mainly related to today's borders of Bosnia and Herzegovina. This is absurd for the processing of the Ottoman period of the Bosnian Ayalat, which formed one of the administrative units of the Ottoman Stale. Changes to the borders with the collapse of the Ottoman state have left a large part of the Bosnian people in other Balkan areas. Their collective memory and attitude towards historical figures are mostly about folk songs, while the research of historical facts on the same topics is left to national historiographies that still retain antagonistic attitude towards the Other. This is best seen through the revitalization of theories about the „ dark Turkish times " and „ haters of Christianity ". Due to numerous gaps in knowledge and material traces of the past, younger generations of researchers in the neighborhood, however, are asking logical questions such as: Why renounce the Ottoman heritage because of the collective aversion to the Stale which once they were part of This presentation is just a small example of these common historiographical wanderings. According to what has been researched and known about the character and work of Gazi Husrev-bey, this historical personality can be a pattern of local and regional research tendencies. Persistence in such approaches seriously calls into question the responsibility of historians. Bosnia and Herzegovina 's experience of a historiographical approach to the topic of famous personalities and events is increasingly indicating self-isolationism.

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