Egzegeza Mt 28,16-20 z hebrajskiej wersji Ewangelii wg św. Mateusza (shemtob)

Author(s): Piotr Goniszewski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 22/2015

The following article is an analysis of Mt 28,16-20 of the Hebrew version of the Gospel according to St. Matthew (ShemTob). The first chapter contains an original Hebrew text and Polish translation of Mt 28,16-20. The second one shows the literary structure of this fragment and the problem of the origin of MtShemTob. The main section contains a commentary on MtShemTob 28,16-20. It seems to suggest that the object of the apostolic ministry of the twelve disciples of Jesus should be only Jews.

Znaczenie terminu „ciężar” (baros) w Nowym Testamencie

Author(s): Tadeusz Knut / Language(s): Polish Issue: 22/2015

This article contains the analysis of the word “burden” (gr. baros) in the biblical texts of the New Testament. The phrase is used in different contexts and grammatical forms. Four points of the biblical texts were discussed to show the meaning of “burden” in the literal and moral sense. The texts reflect on the burden connected with the human work and his psychophysical condition. The burden has also an eschatological meaning and is present in all works connected to the Christian faith in God, observance of the Law, defense of the faith and the apostolic mission of St. Paul. The summary also reflects on the use of this word by John Paul II in his homily in Gdansk in 1988 during the third pilgrimage to Poland.

Nacjonalizm jako skrajność narodowa w nauczaniu społecznym Kościoła

Author(s): Roman Misiak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 22/2015

The Church’s Magisterium has not commented on nationalism in a systematic and comprehensive way yet. The article brings the nodal points on this subject and describes Pope’s reactionsto the risks of extreme nationalism aberration that manifest themselves, both in attitudes and ideologies, and lead to conflicts and wars. Actually, the papal pronouncements of Pope BenedictXV and senior Benedict XVI have been put into analysis. The matrix of the analysis is particularly the knowledge of Catholic social teaching, social philosophy and political science. Social teaching of the Church, drawing arguments from natural law and Revelation, gives the prominence in the human community to nations and national values. At the same time, however, it warns against treating them as the absolute values. This basic error of extreme nationalism substantially disturbs human equality and undermines the dignity of a man, sacrificing him brutally on the altar of national interests. Extreme nationalism perceived as a total ideology that tends to become almost a religion or inhuman socio-political system is strongly condemned in the social teaching of the Church.

Przemoc, niedostrzegany grzech główny

Author(s): Małgorzata Bilska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 666/2016

Przemoc jest złem. To zdanie wygląda tak banalnie, że raczej u nikogo nie wzbudzi sprzeciwu — także, a może i zwłaszcza u katolików. Diabeł, również „diabeł od przemocy”, siedzi jednak w szczegółach. Przemoc słusznie została uznana na przełomie XX/XXI wieku za jeden z najpoważniejszych problemów społecznych. Wciąż jednak nie ma powszechnej zgody nawet co do przejawów zjawiska i jego przyczyn. Wbrew pozorom niezbyt jasny jest także stosunek Kościoła do przemocy.

Za życiem, byle konsekwentnie

Author(s): Charles C. Camosy / Language(s): Polish Issue: 666/2016

W życiu publicznym współczesnych społeczeństw narasta zapotrzebowanie na nowy rodzaj polityki. Takiej, która konsekwentnie stanie po stronie najsłabszych i najbardziej kruchych. Konsekwentnie za życiem. Konsekwentnie bez przemocy. Konsekwentnie po stronie osób marginalizowanych i pozbawionych przywilejów. Uważam, że podstawą takiej polityki powinien stać się sposób myślenia, który w USA nazywamy konsekwentną etyką życia.

Spiritualizirani komunizam: komentar uz Krležinu reviziju kršćanske ortodoksije (od Legende /1914. i 1933./ prema Chestertonu)

Author(s): Leo Rafolt / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 09+12/2016

Prva Krležina tiskom objavljena drama, Legenda, ujedno je i prvi njegov objavljeni književni tekst. Kao drama u nastavcima, izlazila je u Književnim novostima Milana Marjanovića, u prva četiri broja 1914, i sam ju je autor namjeravao objaviti u sklopu »biblijskog ciklusa« u knjizi pod naslovom Legenda. No, tu će dramu Krleža ipak premjestiti u nedovršeni ciklus o gigantskim ličnostima europske povijesti, Isusu, Kolumbu, Michelangelu, Kantu i Goyi, da bi je, naposljetku, 1933. otisnuo u izmijenjenoj verziji u knjizi drama, ponovno pod naslovom Legende, no s posve drugim izborom dramskih tekstova.

Book reviews

Author(s): Ana Filip,Iuliu-Marius Morariu,Grigore-Toma Someşan ,Raluca Uilean-Isciuc,Isabella Harţuche,Silviu-Constantin Nedelcu / Language(s): English,Romanian Issue: 12/2018

Those are the book reviews of the 12th issue of "Astra Salvensis" journal.

„Hologramy Ciemności” — Paula Celana teodycea po Shoa

Author(s): Ewa Borkowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2018

Paul Celan’s (1920–1970) poetic cartography builds on the “holograms of darkness” (thus addressed by Amy Colin, an American Celan scholar), the metaphorical constellations which map the experiences of suffering, twilight and death. The poetry “after Shoa” of the Romanian poet of Jewish descent, writing in German, constitutes a particular landscape of his musical “death fugue” in which human suffering is depicted in surrealist images that silently express of the trauma of the Holocaust. Celan’s theodicy is created as the “rhetoric of the ineffable”, a silent dialogue with the Other (Lévinas) but also the absent Other, the No one with whom the poet converses and who becomes the addressee of his “poems-prayers” or “no-poems” (noems), as he calls them. It is the absent Other the poet worships and celebrates in his “poetry of silence”. Language also experienced suffering but was “enriched by it” and now can be heard “on the other side of silence”. Celan’s poetry is firmly anchored in the memory of the Holocaust and Jewish people’s traumatic experiences. To soothe his pain, the poet constantly returns to the “Brunnenland”, his birthplace located in Bukovina where he always found the spring that fueled his poetic soul and heart. The poet’s favourite metaphor is that of the meridian which marks the reference place on the cartographic grid of all his poetic images.

Autokefalia prawosławia ukraińskiego wbrew prawosławiu rosyjskiemu

Author(s): Jarosław Moskałyk / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 19/2019

Otrzymanie autokefalii z Konstantynopola przez prawosławie na Ukrainie w 2019 r. oznacza dla niego przede wszystkim zmianę jakościową zarówno w sensie organizacyjnym i prawnym, ale także świadomościowym i mentalnym. To rzeczywiste nawiązanie do spuścizny historycznej oraz perspektywa całkowitego uwolnienia się od niechcianego podporządkowania. Teraz pozostaje jedynie kwestia właściwego zagospodarowania wartością, jaką jest pełna autonomia i możliwość kształtowania niezależnej wizji eklezjalnej. Jeśli zostaną prawidłowo wyciągnięte wnioski z niedalekiej i dawnej przeszłości, wówczas zaistnieją wszelkie podstawy ku stworzeniu zjednoczonej wspólnoty prawosławnej o niewątpliwym autorytecie moralnym.

Kwestia prokreacji w prawosławiu

Author(s): Krzysztof Leśniewski / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 19/2019

W Kościele prawosławnym prokreacja jest postrzegana nie tylko jako aktywność ludzka mająca na celu przedłużenie gatunku, ale również jako dar Boga, który jest absolutnym i jedynym Władcą życia człowieka. Zrozumienie prokreacji, z chrześcijańskiego punktu widzenia, wymaga odniesienia do sakramentu małżeństwa. W ramach małżeństwa sakramentalnego, które jest monogamiczne, heteroseksualne i pobłogosławione w Kościele, popęd seksualny podlega bowiem transformacji. Poczęcie i zrodzenie potomstwa jest owocem miłości obojga rodziców. Początek istnienia duszy i ciała każdej osoby ludzkiej dokonuje się równocześnie. Liczne świadectwa pochodzące z tradycji kanonicznej, liturgicznej i patrystycznej chrześcijaństwa wschodniego dowodzą, iż od pierwszych wieków aborcja była traktowana jako zabójstwo i grzech ciężki, wymagający długotrwałej pokuty. Współcześnie Kościół prawosławny podejmuje wyzwania związane z rozwojem technologii wspomagania rozrodu. W oficjalnych dokumentach prawosławnych podkreśla się, że podejmowanie decyzji skorzystania ze wspomaganej prokreacji powinno uwzględniać zarówno nauczanie doktrynalne, jak i sytuację egzystencjalną danej pary małżeńskiej. Szczegółowe zalecenia dotyczą pozaustrojowego zapłodnienia in vitro. Prawosławni bioetycy wypowiadają się przeciwko stosowaniu technik klonowania oraz eksperymentom z komórkami ludzkimi z grupy zarodkowych.

The unity of the Church in Saint Irenaeus’ ecclesiology

Author(s): Claudiu Marius Ciascai / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 19/2019

The unity of the Church has always been of major concern for early Christians. They understood this unity as a real tangible experience, remote and hidden in the uncertainty of the future. They believed that the unity of the Church could secure the cohesion among the Christian communities, and the communication inside the Christian community was, in its turn, the essential condition that provided the support for the consolidation and the development of the ecclesial unity. The Fathers of the Church have understood the importance of keeping and supporting the unity and the stability inside the Church, in order to provide an efficient Christian mission everywhere in the world. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the evolution and complexity of the ecumenical dimension of Irenaeus of Lyon’s ecclesiology, one of the most representatives of the Fathers of the Church, during the early centuries. Aware of the power of dialogue and pastoral mission, he preached not only for the early Christians who at that time found themselves surrounded and confused by different inaccurate doctrines, but also for the pagans, to whom he spread the message of Jesus Christ’s Gospel of love.

Miejsce Biblii w życiu Ulricha Zwingliego

Author(s): Piotr Jaskóła / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 19/2019

Artykuł prezentuje centralne miejsce Biblii w życiu U. Zwingliego. Reformacja w Zurychu, której początki były głównie jego dziełem, ujawniła to na kilku polach: w kaznodziejstwie, prowadzonych dysputach teologicznych i w tzw. szkole proroctw (Prophezei). Na każdym z tych pól szwajcarski reformator eksponował autorytet Biblii – nieporównywalny z innymi autorytetami. Równocześnie podkreślał rolę Ducha Świętego w interpretacji tekstów biblijnych. Prawda o inspirującym działaniu Ducha Świętego, jak i prawda o suwerenności Boga leżą u podstaw życia i teologicznego dziedzictwa reformatora z Zurychu.

Sv. Gregor z Nazianzu. Môj život (II, I, 11). Trnava: Dobrá kniha, 2017. 142 s. ISBN 978-80-8191-091-3.

Author(s): Erika Juríková / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2020

THE FIRST ARREST OF MONK AGATON (SANDU TUDOR). JILAVA, POARTA ALBĂ, CULMEA – HUMAN AVATARS IN THE PRISON

Author(s): Carmen Ciornea / Language(s): English Issue: 21/2019

The present study aims to recover the first period of the detention of Sandu Tudor (who had become, meanwhile, the Monk Agaton), the research approach being centered on the analysis of the Archive documents. A simple reading of the file no. 013495, vol. 1 and 2, Criminal fund, located at the Archive of the National Council for the Study of Security Archives (A.C.N.S.A.S.), reveals a collection of disturbing, edifying data on this subject, as we consider. The first sheet of the aforementioned file, vol. 1, is the Cover of the File no. 1811/1950, drawn up by the Bucharest Court, the Third Criminal Section, „Posteucă Dumitru and Teodorescu Alexandru”, with the mention „War crime”. In order to offer the potential reader a more accurate image of the information obtained from the Security Archives and from the memorialistic literature regarding the concentrationary periplus of Father Daniil (Sandu Tudor), a genuine extermination regime at the penitentiaries in Jilava, Poartă Albă and Culmea, we have appealed to an evolutionary, chronological x-ray of the data, so that, subsequently, we could provide a critical, problematizing analysis of our subject from the perspective of the paradoxical ambivalence victim-executioner, representing an opportunity to demonstrate why we consider him a true paradigm of the resistance through hesychia.

Ojciec Leon Dehon i szkoła świętości

Author(s): Łukasz Grzejda / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2020

Care for the upbringing of youth has always been a key issue. For people to survive in the world, they need to constantly develop. The inclination to invest in oneself coincides at the same time with the commitment in the field of education and upbringing. The inter-generational co-operation creates an adequate potential, which serves the whole society. One of those who devoted themselves to pedagogical activity was Father Leon Dehon. He, due to social and cultural circumstances, as well as motivated to confide in the Heart of Jesus brought forth by his faith, organised an educational apostolate in Saint-Quentin. Considering the difficult times in which he lived, he undertook with courage initiatives that particularly influenced the shaping of new social, cultural and religious order. Thanks to his education and good interpersonal skills he established a school which trained France’s future social elites, as well as gave rise to a new religious congregation, organising mainly priestly formation. The aim of this article is to present a model of Dehonian education, which gave a new impulse to both the ecclesial environment and the working-class society of the 19th-century France. Due to the fruitfulness of his work, which promulgated an ideal of charity and social equality, today we also want to peruse the treasures of Father Dehon’s experiences. An attempt to invoke his thought allows us to rediscover the contemporary demand for education and formation aiming to guide humanity to holiness.

Teologiczne wątki maryjne mozaik Centro Aletti w sanktuarium św. Jana Pawła II w Krakowie

Author(s): Lucjan Bartkowiak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2021

The post-conciliar liturgical indications, of which the free-standing altar with the priest celebrating the liturgy „facing the faithful” became a visible sign, freed the presbytery walls of newly built churches from large altar extensions. The situation became a kind of call for the creators of sacred art, providing an opportunity to return to the noble mosaic art, whose monumental works of the first millennium have survived to this day. It is enough to mention the temples of Ravenna, Palermo or Rome itself. Their iconographic programs, rich in form and content, are continued in the large-format, contemporary altar mosaics by Father Marko Ivan Rupnik, in which a refined artistic form intertwines with a well-thought-out theological concept, showing the vitality of tradition at the threshold of the third millennium. The aim of this article is to present the basic Marian theological themes present in the largest complex set of mosaics that has been built in Poland in recent years.

Otwartość Boga. Wieczność i wolna wola

Author(s): Eleonore Stump / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2020

This article is an analysis of the doctrine of divine eternity. The sources for this doctrine can be traced back to the philosophy of Boethius or Thomas Aquinas. According to the doctrine of divine eternity, the existence of God is not determined by the linear passage of time – God exists in the eternal present. From an eternal perspective, God has simultaneous access to all moments of nature’s linear time. The doctrine of divine eternity is meant to be an antidote to the alleged contradiction of God’s omniscience with the freedom of human will. However, the doctrine of divine eternity has been criticised. Recently, its effectiveness in solving philosophical problems has been undermined by Alvin Plantinga or William Hasker, among others. This work is an attempt to creatively argue against the Hasker’s position. Hasker sees his position as an alternative to classical theism as represented, for example, by Thomism. Hasker rejects Thomism for two reasons. First, the Thomistic God cannot be intimate with human beings or responsive to them. Secondly, the Thomistic view of God as timeless solves the problem of God’s foreknowledge and of the existence of free will only at the cost of making God’s timeless knowledge useless to him in interaction with the temporal world. This paper analyses Hasker’s reasoning leading to the conclusion that free will and timeless knowledge are compatible and gives reasons for concluding that his argument is itself incompatible with the doctrine of eternity. Subsequently, it has been shown that the same conclusion is made even more clearly on the basis of considerations derived from the concept of eternity. Finally, these considerations are used to challenge Hasker’s conclusion that timeless knowledge might be useless to God in directing his actions over time.

Reflecții asupra cercetării inconștientului spiritual în pastorație

Author(s): Călin Drăgeanu,Nicolae (Natanael) Zanfirache / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 02/2020

The unconscious is one of the concepts of high interest, both for science and theology. The interest shown for the study of the unconscious is found in works conducted by specialists in philosophy, psychology, psychoanalysis and neuroscience. At the same time, in theology it is found predominantly in patristic writings but without an explicit mention of the name of the unconscious, which the science uses. The increased interest in this concept is justified by the complexity of this little-known dimension of man. Also, as the unconscious dimension is of both psychological and spiritual nature, the development of the study of the unconscious in theology is a necessity. This paper sheds light on the most relevant considerations regarding the study of the spiritual unconscious in the pastoral work. In this sense, the paper deals with the most relevant perspectives on the metaphysics of the mind because the unconscious is often associated with the mind and the psyche, as well as some aspects specific to the unconscious in philosophy and psychology. Also, the most relevant aspects of the spiritual unconscious and its dimensions, the “theophilic” unconscious and the “misotheistic” unconscious, were analysed, in order to identify the most important opportunities regarding the study of the spiritual unconscious in the pastoral work.

„Дали ангелският или човешкият интелект е активен с оглед на причиняването на интелектуалните действия?“ Окам относно волевото задвижване на мисълта

Author(s): Simeon Mladenov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 27/2021

The current paper is part of a larger project, that is devoted to exploring the connection between the will and epistemology in the texts of several Franciscan authors. Ockham is an author who stressed the freedom of the will, its self-movement and self-reflection to an extreme. Concerning the theory of the activity of the intellect, he was rather a sceptic. Denying the basic arguments for a natural activity of the intellectus agens, Ockham tries to solve an epistemological issue. There are different steps of an epistemological process, which do not involve a complete knowledge of the examined object. Doubt or probability are certain moments of an epistemological process that can be explained only if we introduce an extra faculty besides the intellect. This has to be a faculty that – unlike the intellect – does not move necessarily as a natural faculty would do, but is contingent, can activate itself and move itself freely and spontaneously. Since the will is the only faculty that suits the description, Ockham tries to make the argument that the will plays a role in the epistemological process of acquiring knowledge. The different levels of concentration, the ability to intensify or even to retract a certain act of the intellect is according to Ockham the direct influence of the activity of the will. The current paper tries to elaborate on this issue.

PREZENTĂRI BIBLIOGRAFICE

Author(s): Ionel Popescu,Sorin Cosma,Sorin Lungoci / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 10-12/2021

Reviews of: 1. Arhierie și Filantropie. Înaltpreasfințitul Părinte Ioan Selejan la 7 decenii de viață. Omul păcii și al mângâierii, coordonatori preotul dr. Ionel Popescu, preotul Mircea Petru Szilagyi, conf. univ. Claudiu T. Arieșan, preotul dr. Daniel Aron Alic, Editurile Partoș / Centrul de studii Banatice Vârșeț, 2021 392 pp; 2. Constantin Brătescu, Vocație culturală și spirit academic în Banat – Contribuții caransebeșene – Editura UZP (Uniunea Ziariștilor Profesioniști din România) București, 2021, 321pp.; 3. Prot. dr. Ioan Bude, Temeiuri biblice Noutestamentare cu privire la oficierea Sfintelor Taine și Ierurgii bisericești, vol VIII, Ierurgiile bisericești, Editurile Învierea și Eurobit, Timișoara, 2021, 120pp.; 4. Preot Liviu Vidican-Manci, Propovăduirea Evangheliei în Era Digitală. Impactul catehezei și al predicii asupra „generației digitale” prin utilizarea noilor tehnologii ale informației și comunicării, Editura Presa Universitară Clujeană, Cluj-Napoca, 2020, 254 pp.