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Székely József: Hivatás a hivatal árnyékában. Az igehirdetés helye az erdélyi magyar református lelkipásztori hivatáskép alakulásában. Igehirdetői önképünk és öntudatunk változása az 1990–2014 közötti időszakban. Exit Kiadó, Kolozsvár 2019, ISBN 978-973-7803-91-7, 262 old. (Málnási Ferenc)
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Opieka nad chorymi jest przedmiotem licznych studiów i opracowań, a w obszarze teologii moralnej wiąże się głównie z problematyką odpowiedzialności różnych podmiotów, w tym samego chorego, za proces leczenia i podejście do osób wymagających troski. Jednym z tych podmiotów jest najbliższe otoczenie osoby chorej, które stanowi rodzina. Niniejszy artykuł przedstawia problem istoty odpowiedzialności za osobę chorą, która spoczywa na rodzinie. Na początku autor prezentuje zjawisko choroby i jej wielorakie odniesienia do życia rodziny. Następnie zostało omówione znaczenie rodziny w doświadczeniu choroby. Po wyjaśnieniu doświadczeń choroby w rodzinie został przedstawiony problem istoty odpowiedzialności rodziny za chorego członka i zobowiązania, jakie powstają w sytuacji choroby. Doświadczenie choroby posiada nie tylko charakter negatywny, uciążliwy i niekorzystny, ale niesie ze sobą także pozytywne elementy, wskazując na kondycję ludzkiego życia i stając się okazją do pogłębienia więzi rodzinnych.
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L’abuso sessuale è ogni azione non verbale, verbale o fisica con cui si viola la dignità e si oltrepassano i confini di un’altra persona di qualsiasi età o sesso allo scopo di raggiungere il piacere sessuale o di compiere violenza. Parliamo di abuso spirituale quando in un contesto religioso viene violata la dignità della persona, per cui essa non gode più della sua piena autonomia. Ciò accade in modo manipolativo e senza il consenso del singolo, per cui sotto il pretesto della spiritualità nel senso più ampio della parola lo si umilia o annulla. La violenza sessuale e quella spirituale sono due diversi tipi di abuso che possono avvenire in modo indipendente l’una dall’altra, ma in entrambi i casi si tratta della questione dell’esercizio del potere e dell’autorità. L’abuso spirituale in ambiente religioso è spesso il preludio dell’abuso sessuale ed è meno studiato del primo. Sulla base di una descrizione storica dello sviluppo delle prescrizioni giuridiche nel trattamento della dinamica e della natura di entrambi i tipi di abusi, l’articolo propone alcune soluzioni, giungendo alla conclusione che gli abusi sono anche un problema strutturale della Chiesa, che offre agli autori degli abusi un ambiente favorevole a selezionare le vittime e la possibilità di nascondere quanto commesso.
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W działalności duszpasterskiej Kościoła w Polsce wizyta duszpasterska, zwana kolędą, ma swoje określone miejsce i stanowi duże wyzwanie dla duszpasterzy. Jest co roku realizowana w podobny sposób, ponieważ w tym zakresie obowiązuje wygodne kryterium pasterskie: „zawsze się tak robiło”. Papież Franciszek w Evangelii gaudium stwierdza, że duszpasterstwo w kluczu misyjnym wymaga rezygnacji z tego wygodnego kryterium. Ta rezygnacja nie dotyczy samego wydarzenia kolędy, ale tego, co stało się pewnym utartym schematem jej przeżywania. Artykuł jest próbą podzielenia się nowym podejściem do odwiedzin duszpasterskich. Koneksja tego zagadnienia z przepowiadaniem słowa Bożego sprawia, że należy tutaj mówić o perspektywie pastoralno-homiletycznej. Aby ukazać wizytę duszpasterską w nowej perspektywie, sięgnięto do historii tego zagadnienia i ukazano współczesne wskazania Kościoła w Polsce w aspekcie prawnym, pastoralnym i liturgicznym. Zauważono, że brakuje takich opracowań, które zaproponowałyby w ramach tradycji przeprowadzenie tego wydarzenia duszpasterskiego „inaczej”. Niniejsze opracowanie, w punkcie trzecim, stanowi taką propozycję. Została ona określona jako „tematyczne przeżywanie odwiedzin duszpasterskich”, ponieważ proponuje się jeden temat, który stanowi dominantę spotkania kolędowego. Część modlitewna i konwersacyjna wizyty duszpasterskiej są realizowane przez pryzmat tego jednego tematu. Temat jest zapowiadany w homilii wprowadzającej w wizytę duszpasterską, a podsumowywany w homilii na jej zakończenie. Autor tego artykułu swoje naukowe przemyślenia weryfikuje w duszpasterskiej codzienności i dopiero wtedy, gdy się sprawdzają, dzieli się nimi. Ma nadzieję, że ta nowa perspektywa pastoralno-homiletyczna wizyty duszpasterskiej w jakimś stopniu przyczyni się do rezygnacji z kryterium: „zawsze się tak robiło”.
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This is the second part of a paper that contributes to knowledge about the relationship between Brod and the people of Brod and Archbishop Josip Stadler. Through his example it is possible to acquire a clear view of how politics dictates and forms the consciousness of citizens towards their fellow citizens, even those whom may be ranked among the most prominent. The political struggle at the national level was also reflected at the local level. Stadler was a great opponent of the Yugoslav option and the entry into a joint state with Serbia. His political option was Western, “trialistic” with a reliance on the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy; in social matters his option was Christian-social with a distinct feeling for the poorest citizens, regardless of religious affiliation. “Materinska riječ - The mother tongue” as the newspaper of the Croatian-Serbian coalition (whose leader was Dr. Vatroslav Brlić) and “Posavska Hrvatska-Posavina Croatia” as the rightwing newspaper of Frank’s side, are two papers that take a completely opposite position towards Stadler. For the Materinska riječ, Stadler is a “dangerous man” because of his opposition to their political program of “one nation with two names” and a common state with Serbia. As most of the newspapers published in Brod between the two wars represented Yugoslav ideology, Stadler was rarely mentioned and practically forgotten in them. His values for Croatian people were temporarily recognized during the Independent State of Croatia. After the advent of the communist dictatorship, primarily in the newspaper Brodski list, he was not even mentioned. With the collapse of the dictatorship, Brod and the people of Brod got to know their great fellow citizen. The biggest credit for this goes first of all to the Sisters of the Servant of the Infant Jesus, a religious community founded by Archbishop Stadler.
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Review: Altarul Banatului. Revista Mitropoliei Banatului. XXX (LXIX) új folyam, 2019/4–6. április–június, ISSN 1220-8388, ISSN 9 771220-838001, 160 old. (Bányai László)
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The spiritual and religious life of the Roma is, for the majority, little known. In the past the Roma ordinarily tended to affiliate to whatever church denomination was dominant in their surroundings. The situation in the religious field has been changing since 1990 and various church societies have begun to conduct missionary activity among the Roma. Missionary activity has an influence also on the song repertoire, where religious song has found a place. Many of these songs are composed by Roma themselves, with a part taken from the repertoire of church hymns or from the repertoire of so-called praises and adapting either the music or the lyrics of the work. They call these songs praises or gospels. They understand them as prayer, a celebration of God. The singing is accompanied by a strong emotional expresion, with gestures of the hands and movements of the body. The songs are sung at common church ceremonies, at home prayers within the family, and at festivals of religious song, but they also penetrate the repertoire of everyday life.
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Consecrated life born from the God’s initiative should be considered in the charismatic perspective. Holy Spirit, who works in the Church, not only stands at the beginning of each institute of the consecrated life, but has been the source of countless blessings and positive fruits throughout the centuries. Consecrated life manifests itself as the always changing reality which under the inspiration of the Holy Spirit brings about many fruits. In the article one can find the explanation for Trinitarian dimension of the presence of the Paraclete in the consecrated life: Firstly in the vocation of a human to sainthood, secondly in the charism of the particular institute or form of the consecrated life. Finally thanks to these dimensions mentioned above one can easily discover another one, which is the charismatic form of living within the Church.
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Is the reverence and cult of the Sacred Heart of Jesus still topical in the mission of the Church? The text „God’s Heart in the mystery of its opening to the modern world” is an attempt to answer the question above. Biblical depiction of the word „heart” has basically symbolic and allegoric meaning. Repeatedly this word appears in connection with the word „love” both in regard to God and human. Incarnated God, the Word of the Father, became truly human with the loving heart and he redeemed the world. The Heart of Jesus pierced with the soldier’s spear on the cross is still open to the present day with his love. A special place in this regard is given to spreading the idea of the social kingdom of the Heart of Jesus and the civilization of love.
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Formation towards the vow of poverty is one of the elements of the preparation of consecrated persons aimed at living according to evangelical counsels. In the Congregation of the Priests of the Sacred Heart of Jesus all three vows are inscribed in the figure of reparation characteristic for the Institute as well as oblation dimension which underlines total devotion to God through religious consecration. The documents of the Congregation besides the goals and various aspects of formation also set out the essence of the vow of poverty, encouraging life with its spirit. The goal of formation is to shape the heart of a religious person, who supposed to more and more reflect in himself the way of life of the poor which was chosen by Jesus Christ. That formation has also the community dimension, through which the religious community should become a witness of non-remissive goods and thus its prophetic dimension.
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Review: Emil Anton, Kahden virran maa. Sivilisaation ja kristinuskon irakilainen tarina, Helsinki 2020, pp. 288.
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The Covenant at Sinai is the core experience of God in the Old Testament, and the heart and foundation for the New Testament writings, which are founded on Christ’s Incarnation as the supreme Theophany. The Christian Church’s central ceremonies, in particular the celebration of the Eucharist, are often both the locus and the touchstone for the individual believer’s experience of God. This article briefly traces this continuity from the Old Testament to the New Testament era, pre–Nicene Christian writers, the early monks, and concludes with Byzantine Hesychasts.
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This study compares individual models of pastoral care in the university environment of the Czech Republic, Poland and English-speaking countries. These are three different models which arose on the basis of the differing historical, societal and political conditions of the different countries. While in the Czech Republic, pastoral care of university students was officially impossible during the age of totalitari-anism, in Poland it continued despite various restrictive measures on the part of the political authorities. In contras, in English-speaking countries there were no political limitations, though it significantly changed its focus under the influence of the secularization that began to be expressed in Western Europe in the period after the Second Vatican Council. In the context of political changes after 1989, pastoral ser-vices in the Czech Republic started from nothing, in Poland the church continued under freerconditions and the concept of pastoral care was maintained in English-speaking countries, but it significantly changed its content. The original content – carefor the spiritual good of students, was replaced by an effort to support the general well-being and psychological well-being of students so that they would have the best chance of achieving success and subjective satisfaction.
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The paper uncovers previously unknown things which are connected to the life of Vjenceslav Soić, particularly from the period between 1869 and 1875. Simultaneously followed are the activities which are connected with Soić’s political activity, the annual incomes and his status in the church hierarchy. From this it can be seen that at almost the same time an improvement in all areas (with the church, finances and politics) of activity was experienced. About how informed and regularly updated he was about things, which happened in his interest around him, is witnessed in the letters which Antun Vakanović sent, the then minister of finance, president of the parliament and acting ban. After that Senj came under civil administration and things began to change. The complexity of contemporaneous relations were shown sufficiently with the departure of Soić from the position of bishop. The cause may have been more, but the occasion was obvious – a double celebration in June 1875 in the Pope’s name. This initiated a public lynching against Soić who tried to sanitise the damage and reach a compromising solution with the closure of the lyceum, which could have been one of the causes of the dispute. Bedini, who wanted Rijeka to be the new centre of the bishopric, presented another cause. Senj became a completely different centre when it came under civil rule in April 1872, and Soić was no longer needed by the Emperor who ceased to be his supporter and thus held it in the place of the bishop.
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The study presents and analyses solutions in common law relating to the protection of pastoral secrecy, and more precisely the secrecy of pastoral conversation in the Evangelical Reformed Church in the Republic of Poland, which stems from the Swiss branch of Reformation and which has a tradition of 450 years in Poland. The analysis covers the institution of pastoral secrecy as compared to the institution of the seal of confession which is clearly protected under the provision of the Code of Criminal Procedure, the Code of Civil Procedure, the Code of Administrative Procedure, the Tax Ordinance Act and the Supreme Audit Office Act. Furthermore, the study features a presentation of internal regulations of the Evangelical Reformed Church concerning pastoral secrecy and an analysis of the case law of Polish and German courts applicable to the protection of that type of secrecy.
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The reports on the increasing number of divorces/separations in Poland and the statistical data on the scale of the problem of addictions and violence (in the social welfare system, and not only), became a contribution to the theoretical considerations on the need and limits of saving marriages in crisis affected by the above mentioned problems. It was explained: from what it is worth/necessary to save a marriage in crisis, who is to save it, how to do it, what it means „at all costs” (who pays what price?) and where are the limits of saving? The issues presented in this article may be interested to many counselors, therapists, social workers, and spouses caught up in addiction and/or violence.
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Taking the inspiration from the history of the cult of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, and especially from the private revelations of saint Margaret Mary Alacoque, a number of national bishops conferences dedicated the local churches and whole nations to the Sacred Heart of Jesus. On 11th June, 2021 the Polish bishops conference renewed such act in the difficult situation of the church and the nation, moreover even in the face of weakening devotion to the Sacred Heart of Jesus. Every act of dedication and entitlements is a religious act, which obliges to the fulfilment of the commitments that have been taken. In this context the question arises, and what next? In the form of suggestions few concrete steps have been proposed.
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The article is a continuation of the publication of sermons (homilies), probably from the 19th century, kept in the resources of the Archives of the Koszalin-Kolobrzeg (Kołobrzeg) Diocese. Earlier studies are included in the archival issues of Rocznik Skrzatuski. A homily entitled Home. IX p: P. refers to the pericope Lk 19:41–47b., which is intended for Sunday IX after the Solemnity of Pentecost in the Roman Missal of Pius V. The brevity of the content, the colloquial style of writing (punctuation based mainly on commas), the simplicity of the language taken from the Bible and from the everyday experience of the audience prove that we are dealing with a preacher’s sketch. Interpreting the meaning of the image of Jesus weeping over Jerusalem, the preacher sees in it a description of the state of the soul closed to God’s grace. The man is unable to reach his final destiny without God’s help, however, rejects his goodness. He is committing an even worse crime because he wastes the shed Blood of God. The deplorable condition of the soul can be repaired by obedience to Good inspiration (the Holy Spirit). The sad fate of the people of Jerusalem, over whom Jesus wept, is to be a forever warning not to make the same mistake. And the dignity of a child (son) of God and joint-heir of Jesus Christ in eternity is to be an invitation to conversion.
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