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Rosyjski Kościół Prawosławny a nauka. XX-wieczne debaty wokół teorii ewolucji

Author(s): Teresa Obolevitch / Language(s): Polish Issue: 41/2007

In this article the author considers an attitude of the Russian Orthodox Church towards the theory of evolution beginning with the year of publication of Darwin 'The Evolution of Species' until contemporary times. The orthodox theology relies upon the thought of Greek Fathers of the Church who emphasized a difference between the incomprehensible essence of God and His actions (energies), by which He reveals Himself in the created world. In the light of the above conception the Orthodox Church acknowledges every scientific theory as an reflexion of this revelation, if only it doesn't trespass its relevant boundaries. Thus, the Russian Orthodox Church has never condemned the evolution theory itself, although some of her theologians have been criticizing some of its aspects. In the last part the author presents contemporary polemics between orthodox evolutionists and creationists. He also suggests some insight into their arguments exposing their limitations.

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Атрибуція ікони святого Христофора (з приватної колекції, м. Київ)

Author(s): Nataliya Kravchenko / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1/2014

This article is devoted to attribution the icon from a private collection (Kyiv) which prior was not investigated, an Orthodox icon with a rare iconography of the saint with the head of a best. Such iconographic type occurs in Orthodox art tradition only in case if the image of the holy Martyr Christopher (the III century) is depicted. This saint is venerated by both the Orthodox Church and the Catholic Church. There were several options for the image of St. Christopher in Byzantine art, the image as a youth, the martyr in a red himation with a cross in his hand or dresses as a warrior with a sword on horseback. Influenced by legends of zoomorphic form of Christopher in Byzantium the most unusual and interesting iconography of the saint which represents him with a canine head was comprised. The oldest of these images are dated to the VI-VII centuries. In Western artistic tradition of the XIV-XVI centuries Saint Christopher is portrayed as a man of immense height, bearing Jesus Christ on his shoulders (the name of the saint means in Late Greek "the one who carries Christ" or "bearing Christ"). In Orthodox art, images of St. Christopher with Christ on his shoulders are also can be found in the murals of the XIV – XV centuries in churches in Bulgaria and Serbia and monasteries of Mount Athos. Veneration of St. Christopher started in Old Russ in the tenth century. One of the earliest depictions of the saint can be found in St. George church in Staraya Ladoga (1170 -80’s) where he is shown as a warrior martyr with a spear and a cross in his hands. Images of St. Christopher with a dog’s head appears in Russian icon painting from the second half of the XVI century. In spite of the rich variety of iconographic characters it was his image that became very popular in Russia. Starting from the XVI – XVII centuries this saint is often depicted in Deacon Gates in iconostases of Russian churches. The image of St. Christopher with a dog’s head can be found in the frescoes of the XVI century in Sviyazhsky Monastery in Saviour’s Transfiguration Cathedral in Yaroslavl in the paintings of the XVII century, in Archangel Cathedral in the Moscow Kremlin and Rayifsky and Makarevsky monasteries, in the church of Nickola Mokrogo (Nickolas the Wet) in Yaroslavl. The icons of the XVI century of the saint with the dog’s head are preserved to this day in the Chudov Monastery in Moscow Kremlin, in the collections of museums in Vologda and the State Historical Museum in Moscow as well as the icons of the XVII century from the museum collections of Yehoriyevsk, Cherepovets and Rostov. After the ban of the canine image by Synod in 1722 Christopher was depicted anthropomorphic. But the iconography of the saint as a warrior continued to have a canine head during the following centuries in Old Believers environment. The full length image of martyr St. Christopher is depicted in the icon under study, the icon from a private collection in Kyiv. He appears in the image of cynocephalus that is with a dog’s head which was the most popular iconographic type in Russian iconography. The mouth of the saint with the dog’s head is opened wide and broken into a grin, his long tortuous tongue is pulled out and he shows white teeth but his appearance is quite calm and unmalicious. Martyr Christopher is depicted as a warrior with a spear that blossomed in his raised left hand and in his right hand he holds a large the eight-pointed Orthodox cross with the lower inclined crossbar. The cross is black in color and there are words "Ї Н Ц И" meaning "Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews" on the upper transverse crossbar. The titles "І_С Х҄_С", i.e. "Jesus Christ" are in the middle of the cross bar. There is a golden circle symbolizing the crown of thorns in the middle of the cross. The icon is framed in a narrow black frame that presents the Ark. An abbreviated inscription made in ornamental lettering that reads like a "The Holy Martyr of Christ Christopher" is on the head margin. The basis of the icon is a wood board (1500 × 450 × 25 mm), rectangular in form which is strongly vertically elongated. The traces of lost fasteners that resemble door loops in shape are noticeable on the back of the icon. The icon is painted by oil paints; there are no primer and canvas. The paint is applied with a thin layer without retouching. The technological features of this icon indicate the later period of its creation, i.e. the XIX century. Although the stylistic features of the images tend to Russian icon painting tradition of the XVII century we know that icons of St. Christopher with a canine head after the XVIII century were created among the Old Believers who remained true the tradition of the iconography of ancient artistic image techniques. Judging from the shape of the icon board (it is a highly elongated vertical rectangle) and the location of the lost fixtures it can be said that the investigated icon of St. Christopher was an icon of the church iconostasis which once served as Deacon Gates. The icons of the XVIII – XIX centuries from the collections of museums in St. Petersburg are close analogues of this icon. According to the result of the iconographic attribution, analysis of stylistic, design and technological features it has been determined that this work is an icon of the Holy Martyr Christopher and it belongs to the Russian Old Believers’ church images of the XIX century.

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Внутрішня проблематичність культури православного чернецтва як предмет наукового аналізу

Author(s): Olga Olegivna Smolina / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2012

Much of the work on the study of monastic culture is considered (often – implicitly) the problem of the relation on her "social and activity", "social and prayer," "Prince and the monastery," etc. directions. However, this issue has not been deeply understood and was not as a subject of special scientific consideration. To separate the cultural connotations of observed two types of monasticism, it is proposed to introduce the concept to refer to them, "the monastic culture" and "the monastery culture".

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Die Ikonostase der griechisch-orthodoxen Kirche in Balassagyarmat

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Die Ikonostase der griechisch-orthodoxen Kirche in Balassagyarmat

Author(s): Gabriella Shah / Language(s): German Issue: 2/2014

In this essay, the author analyses the pictures of the altar screen located in the Greek Orthodox Church in Balassagyarmat, dogmatically and from the view of the history of art. Most of the Greeks dealing with trading activity in Nógrád County lived in Balassagyarmat in the 18th century. Accordingly, the one and only orthodox mother church of the County was founded here. Their first written records were mentioned in 1737. The governing committee gave permission to build the church in 1785. The parish in Balassagyarmat requested Miklós Jankovicz, one of the utmost masters of the late baroque wood sculpture in Hungary, to do the altar screen. The pictures on the altar screen were painted by Mihajlo Zsivkovics. For a long time, the fate of the church and that of the Greek or, by that time rather Serbian, community intertwined, and due to their decreasing number the church was demolished in 1908. In the right place, a smaller chapel and a block of flats were built. Church services were held once a week up to 1970 but then the church was sold. The Serbian Church in Balassagyarmat has been operated as an art gallery since the middle of the 1980s. The altar screen was taken apart and carried to Szentendre in the early seventies of the 20th century.

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TEMEIURI BIBLICE NOUTESTAMENTARE CU PRIVIRE LA OFICIEREA SFINTELOR TAINE ȘI IERURGII BISERICEȘTI (II) 2. MIRUNGEREA

Author(s): Ioan Bude / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 10-12/2017

Addressing mostly priests and Religion teachers, but also any believer, the entire publicistic series that we commence at this point desires, in a straightforward, plain and clear manner (without proposing thematic biblical theology approaches, but by means of a rigurous selection of minimally commented texts), to bring forth again The Truth of the Holy Sacraments before the readers, whoever they might be or – why not? – lead the readers before The Truth, That „is the same for yesterday, today and forever” (Jews 13, 8): The Lord and Our Saviour, Jesus Christ, present, alive and active in all undertakings of His Church.

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SIHĂSTRIILE HUNEDORENE-CONSIDERAȚII ISTORICO-TEOLOGICE

Author(s): Florin Dobrei / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 10-12/2017

For many centuries, monasticism was a favorite spiritual way of achieving spiritual perfection through fasting, prayer and contemplation. In the wilderness, in dark caves or in the heart of the forests, all those who have chosen to devote his life to God found peace and quiet needed for a good conscience, for a heart undefiled. These spiritual realities must have been connected, since ancient times, and space of the Hunedoara. Simple forms of monastic life, but located outside of the actual church building operations, hermitages were cores of recruitment of the future monks and places of refuge, to the same monks, of the historical vicissitudes.

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ÎNGERUL CU ARIPI FRÂNTE SAU NEAJUNSUL DE A FI FERICIT. UN SCURTMETRAJ TEOLOGIC AL RĂULUI ÎN CREAȚIE

Author(s): Adrian Covan / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 10-12/2017

Demonic angelology, an arid land barely explored, wide opened inside the modern theology concernsgeographical architecturesteps in, taking significant positions in the territory of scriptural and patristic ideatics. The inspired authors of the Holy Scripture as well as the Holy Fathers, considering the enemy of God awall of hostility rising against man’s redemption, managed to bring forth the complex symptomatics of sin in full, exposing its existential phenomenology with the consequences to follow.

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PROGRAMUL ICONOGRAFIC AL MĂNĂSTIRII SĂRACA (II)

Author(s): Marian Pirvu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 10-12/2017

We are in the reverential year of 2017, when our Church cherishes the church icon painters. On this occasion, when our eparchy is also at a time of celebration, in the following lines, I will try to set forth a complete presentation of the iconographic schedule of the wall church within the Săraca Monastery (13th century), a monument which is emblematic for our eparchy, from an iconographic and cultural perspective. The presentation herein shall be divided into two parts so as to be able to embed the full iconographic schedule.

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IDEI MISIONARE ORTODOXE DESPRINSE DINTR-UN CURS MAI VECHI DE „ÎNDRUMĂRI MISIONARE”

Author(s): Marius Florescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 10-12/2017

Within the different theological manuscripts belonging to the mention-worthy Metropolitan Nicolae Corneanu Ph.D., now under the care of the rural library, box number 24 contains a consistent manuscript called Îndrumări misionare. Colectivul: Dr. Petru Deheleanu de la Institutul Teologic Cluj, Diac. Vintilă Popescu de la Institutul Teologic București, Dr. Corneliu Sârbu de la Institutul Teologic Sibiu (Missionary Guidance. The team: Petru Deheleanu Ph.D., from the Theological Institute in Cluj, Diac, Vintilă Popescu from the Theological Institute in Bucharest), Corneliu Sârbu Ph.D., from the Theological Institute in Sibiu). In what follows, we shall detail the content of this manuscript and its importance for their studying and application within the current religious setting.

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ÎNGERII ÎN DIMENSIUNEA LITURGICĂ A BISERICII

Author(s): Rafael Povîrnaru / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 10-12/2017

When we try to define the angels, first we must study the ethimologic origin of the greek word αγγελος with the ebraic form mal’ak.. This greek form has a plural meaning as a courier or messenger of God. This represents the most important reason of the angels’ existence – to help the people, according to God’s orders. Although from the point of view of the orthodox dogma, angels are defined as spiritual creatures, in the the Holy Scripture we can meet different persons who are called “angels”, as Moses or John the Baptist. This name finally reflects their special mission in this world in the name of God. More than that, the angels are an objective part of the liturgical life of the Orthodox Church.

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SE POT MÂNTUI BOGAȚII? Predică la Duminica a 30-a după Rusalii (Luca 18, 10-27)

Author(s): Ionel Popescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 10-12/2017

30th Sunday after the Pentecost – the Rich Beneficiary – Guarding of Commandments – the Holy Gospel on the 30th Sunday after the Pentecost was rightened by the Church to be read throughout this period of the Fasting related to the Birth of Our Savior, Jesus Christ. It is an exhortation to benefaction or the aiding of the poor. The Holy Evangelist Luca sets forth the issue of wealth as an obstacle to salvation and completion of Christian life. Wealth, in itself, is not evil, but it becomes a barrier to salvation when we relate to it as a last reality, when we reunite our souls so much to material items, so much that our concern for wealth enslaves our soul and leaves no room for God inside it.

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MEMORIILE UNUI PROTOPOP UITAT: SIMION CORNEA ȘI REALITĂȚILE ECLEZIALE DIN ANII 1924-1928

Author(s): Alin Cristian Scridon / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 10-12/2017

The scientific research of the Romanian Orthodox Church’s history of Banat in the hungarian or serbian territories is, undoubtedly, deficient. Taking these premises as a starting point, we undertook, in 2015, a research in The Archive of The Romanian Orthodox Archiepiscopacy. In the approximately 500 studied documents, the name of Simion Cornea appeared in an overwhelming proportion of the letters we have managed to select.

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MĂNĂSTIREA DE SUB APE MRĂCUNA-MĂNĂSTIRE MARTIR

Author(s): Constantin Cilibia / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 10-12/2017

The Mraconia monastery was also known as the Monastery in the Danube Valley or at Ogradena Veche, a nearby commune which, today, is lost in the waters of “Old Danubius”, on the occasion of the “Porțile de Fier I Hydropower Station” reservoir. The name “mraconia” originates from the Slavic word „mrac”, meaning hidden place, bush, dark, dark water, which also gives the name of “Hidden Monastery”, located in the vicinity of the Cazanele Dunării, which is deemed to be the most beautiful and most picturesque section of the Danube.

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REFLECȚII DOGMATICE (III)

Author(s): Daniil Stoienescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 10-12/2017

The contemporary Orthodox Theology is altogether and at the same time, Path, Truth and Life (cf. Ioan 14, 6) for today’s world. The contemporary Orthodox Theology “yesterday, today and forever, is the same” (cf. Evrei 13, 8). The contemporary Orthodox Theology is, and especially should be equally prophetical, apostolic, patristic and eschatological, fulfilling its ecclesiological, sacramental and philocalic dimension.

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COMOARA DE LA SÂNNICOLAU MARE (CÂTEVA PRECIZĂRI UTILE)

Author(s): Vasile Muntean / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 10-12/2017

Plenty of things were written about this valuable thesaurus of 1799 in Vienna. Within these lines, we will try to bring about some rectifications, particularly concerning two inscriptions on three containers, which were read differently throughout time.

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RÂNDUIALA RUGĂCIUNII CE SE FACE DUPĂ IEȘIREA SUFLETULUI DIN TRUP (SCURTĂ ABORDARE LITURGICĂ

Author(s): Nicolae Preda / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 10-12/2017

„The traditional prayer uttered after the soul leaves the body” is one of the „less known” structures of the church service, which should nevertheless be a point of interest, particularly, for those who are concerned about the history and evolution of liturgical traditions, as well as for the servants of our Church. Also, I consider that this short article manages to remove, among others, the main cause for which the specialists „neglected” these traditions for a long time, namely the absence of any clear proves with regard to its existence, and its structure, which is undoubtely similar to the other „healthy” liturgical practices of our Church. Therefore, this Church liturgical service, which also includes in its structure numerous „unusual” elements, should be taken into consideration accordingly and be held in high esteem.

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Функціонування хорової традиції в умовах реформування духовних шкіл у ХІХ столітті

Author(s): Volodymyr Mudryk / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1/2012

The article examines the reform of the educational process in the Orthodox theological schools of the Ukraine under Dnieper according the statutes ХІХ century. The text outlines the impact of innovations broadcast choral tradition of the Orthodox liturgical singing in these schools.

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Pravoslavlje između dvaju svetova

Author(s): Marko P. Đurić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 76/77/2017

The author speaks of the Orthodoxy which the Providence of God has placed in the history of living between the Western Christianity on the one hand and the Sunni Islam on the other. Not only does he stay on this, he also speaks about church nationalism (filetism), which has always lived with that other nationalism. According to him, the relationship between Orthodoxy on the one hand and the Islam and Western Christianity on the other, are still not satisfying. However, in order for them to become such, it is necessary that the Orthodox Church create a new theology that would primarily be theological (Orthodox) response to the signs in time. However, we still haven’t met such a reality.

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Majetkové vyrovnanie medzi Gréckokatolíckou cirkvou a Pravoslávnou cirkvou na Slovensku po roku 1989

Author(s): Zuzana Futrikaničová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2010

The restitution in the Slovak Republic between the Greek-Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church was done in a special way – the property was retrieved between the two churches from the initiative of the state and with its direct participation. The restitution was realized through the legal measure of the Slovak National Council nr. 211/1990 concerning the settlement of the property relations between the Greek-Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church. The property transferred to the Orthodox Church in 1950 was legally restituted back to the Greek-Catholic Church by this legal measure. The subject od restitution included the real estate – churches and parish buildings. In this article is described the problem of putting this legal measure to the practice. In many villages the believers did not want to leave churches in order to give them to their lawful owners. The courts had to solve several cases and the implementation itself proceed very slowly. As the situation was practically unsolvable, the government decided to get more involved by ratification the agreements with both churches and providing the financial support. Altogether the amount of almost 250 mil. was divided between the churches for the compensation and building of the new sacral objects.

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Viera a kultúra koptských a etiópskych kresťanov v historickom kontexte

Author(s): Andrej Slodička / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2010

The foundation of the Church in Egypt is closely associated with St. Mark the Evangelist. But the christological teachings of the Council of Chalcedon in 451, partially because of opposition to Byzantine domination, were rejected by much of the Egyptian hierarchy and faithful. Location: Egypt and diaspora in Europe, Africa, Australia, the Americas. Title of head: Pope of Alexandria, Patriach of the See of St. Mark; residence: Cairo, Egypt. According to an ancient tradition, the first great evangelizer of the Ethiopians was St. Frumentius, a Roman citizen from Tyre. The Church of Ethiopia is unique in retaining several Jewish practices such as circumcision and the observance of dietary laws and Saturday as well as Sunday sabath. The Ethiopian liturgy is of Alexandrian (Coptic) origin and influenced by the Syriac tradition. Location: Ethiopia, small diaspora. Title of the head: Patriarch of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church. Residence: Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Membership: 16 000 000.

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