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POVODI OBJAVE KUR'ANA (RAZUMIJEVANJE I MOGUĆNOSTI KORIŠTENJA U ODGOJNO-OBRAZOVNE SVRHE)

Author(s): Safvet Halilović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 02/2004

The question of the reason for the revelation of the Qur’an (ashab nuzul al-Qur’an) falls into exceptionally important questions in the science of tafseer, considering that the understanding of the reason for the revelation is an important condition for the proper understanding of the Qur’an. Moreover, there are Qur’anic texts which cannot be understood unless one understands the reason for their revelation. The only valid way of acquainting oneself with the reason for the revelation is a reliable tradition from those who were present and witnessed the situation in which a certain Qur’anic verse was revealed. Therefore, we fathom the reasons for revelations of Qur’anic verses not by rational means, but exclusively by means of tradition (al-riwaya). The reasons for revelation which are treated in tafseer literature include the following: 1) an occurrence of an event, following which a certain verse is revealed, 2) a question posed to the Prophet s.a.w.s. on a certain subject to which he provides an answer based on the revelation of a Qur’anic verse. In the understanding of the message of the Qur’an, priority is given to the universality of the text and not to the particulars of the reason behind revelation (al-‘ibra bi ‘umum al-lafz la bi kusus al-sabab). Most of the Islamic scholars (al-gumhur) take such a view, for one universal Qur’anic text, revealed for a specific reason, contains the individual reason and the reference to other similar texts. In giving priority to the particularity of the reason for revelation over the universality of the text, it is necessary to possess the arguments based on which it can be clearly seen that the text in question refers only to the reason for revelation. As long as there are no such arguments, one is to learn from the universality of the text and not from the particularity of the reason. This work emphasises the fact that the understanding of the reason can be used for educational purposes, primarily to motivate the students and to stimulate their interest and attention during religious instruction.

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KONCEPT UMJERENOSTI U ISLAMU I NJEGOVA MANIFESTACIJA U FIKHU

Author(s): Muharem Štulanović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 4/2011

It is evident that in Islam there is a concept of moderation, which is reflected in all aspects of Islamic thought, from morals and ethics to social and legal systems. Man as a created and limited being is unable to establish an absolute balance in his worldly life because of his mental and physical weakness, his personal drive, passion and desires, objective and subjective influences from society, family, politics, nation, race, geographical origin, customs, etc. All systems which are created by man bear also his human flaws which is also confirmed by the method of historical induction in reading the chapters from history. Opossite to this, we see a harmony and precision in God's creation and in His religion which He sent as a living system and the program of life. Moderate way in Sharia law and its view on society is reflected in the balance between individual liberty and the rights of society. It is based upon understanding of the partial Shari'ah texts in the light of general intentions of the Sharia to whom it will not contradict or be independent of them.

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IBN ‘ARABĪ I STALEŽ TRADICIONALNIH UČENJAKA ISLAMA

Author(s): Ahmed Zildžić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 1/2019

In this article, based on the writings of the great Muslim theosoph Muhy al-Din Ibn ‘Arabī, the author attempted to categorise all the different types of knowledge whose possession Ibn ‘Arabī claimed for himself. The purpose of that systematisation was to furnish an answer to the most fundamental question of whether or not Ibn ‘Arabī could and should be considered as a member in the class of traditional scholars of Islam – ‘ulamā; as is well known, many of his opponents sought in their arguments against the Greatest Shaykh to deny him precisely that privilege. Doubtless, the principal document to be examined in this regard is Ibn ‘Arabī’s ijaza (diploma) in traditional Islamic disciplines. The Ijaza exists as a separate text penned as an autobiographical source by Ibn ‘Arabī himself, which is the first of its unusual features. The Ijaza is divided into two parts: in the first part, the author lists all the teachers, disciplines, books, and other relevant information surrounding his education in various Islamic fields. In the second part of the text, he provided a list of his booklets and works from the traditional Islamic curriculum, presenting them as a direct outcome of his education and mastering of those sciences. In this article, all the relevant features of the Ijaza are briefly presented including the methods through which Ibn ‘Arabī acquired knowledge about Quranic sciences, the Prophet’s traditions, Islamic law, and other traditional Islamic disciplines before the most illustrious teachers of his times both in the Muslim West and East. The most decisive argument in favour of his membership within the ranks of ‘ulamā would somewhat ironically come from his detractors in their furious onslaught on his short collection of mystical poetry entitled The Interpreter of Inner Desires (Tarğumān al-ashwāq).

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Škola u Komu i kritika religijskog pluralizma s posebnim osvrtom na filozofsku analizu ajatolaha Dževadija Amolija

Author(s): Seid Halilović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2019

Škola u istorijskom gradu Komu u nekoliko poslednjih decenija imala je važnu ulogu u usmeravanju strateških naučnih i kulturnih tokova u Iranu i islamskom svetu. Naučni i istraživački rad u ovoj školi traje duže od jednog milenijuma i u kontinuitetu se razvijao u svetlu čvrste saradnje predstavnika ove škole i sličnih, starih, škola koje su utemeljene u poznatim centrima islamske učenosti u gradu Medini i u nekoliko gradova na teritoriji današnjeg Iraka, Libana i Irana. U Komu su formirane čuvene škole islamske filozofije, jurisprudencije i egzegeze, a filozofskim disciplinama najčešće se pridavao veliki značaj. Jedan od najuticajnijih predstavnika filozofske škole u Komu danas jeste ajatolah Dževadi Amoli. Analizom sadržaja njegovih knjiga upoznaćemo se s osnovnim smernicama filozofske metodologije škole u Komu u primeru kritike religijskog pluralizma. Ajatolah Dževadi oštro kritikuje ideju religijskog pluralizma zato što su je moderni zapadni mislioci i teolozi svestrano popularizovali iako nikada nisu dovoljno jasno obrazložili da se ona zasniva isključivo na Kantovom, odnosno novokantovskom, relativizmu u saznanju. On objašnjava da relativizam u saznanju ne znači da postoje mnogobrojni putevi koji vode do istine, pa da onda kažemo da će svi ljudi konačno biti spaseni nezavisno od toga na kojem putu se nalazili i kojoj religiji pripadali. Prema njegovoj analizi, relativizam u saznanju znači da niko ne može doći do istine i da se istina ne otkriva ni u jednoj religiji. Ajatolah Dževadi upozorava da se religijskim pluralizmom problemi spasenja i tolerancije rešavaju na destruktivan način, jer ćemo biti prinuđeni da prihvatimo filozofske principe kojima se u potpunosti diskredituje suština religijskog saznanja. Da bi to temeljno dokazao, on analizira različita značenja relativnosti i relativizma. Njegov zaključak glasi da se neka od tih značenja relativnosti prihvataju i koriste u religijskom saznajnom stadijumu, ali da je relativizam u saznanju u očitoj epistemološkoj suprotnosti sa svim religijama.

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Bosnia the Good

Author(s): Bharatwaj Iyer / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2019

Review essay on the work of Rusmir Mahmutćehajić

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DOBRA BOSNA

Author(s): Bharatwaj Iyer / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Issue: 4/2019

Review essay on the work of Rusmir Mamutćehajić

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Teološko-moralne i bioetičke teme u djelu „Razgovor sa svrakom“ Selima Samija Jašara

Author(s): Samir Beglerović,Orhan Jašić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 32/2019

The first part of the paper briefly presents the biography of the theologian, sufi and muderris (Professor) Selim Sami Jašar from Vučitrn (Kosovo). Although he is the author of several works in the field of theology, in this paper we have reflected on his allegorical tale Conversation with the Magpie, which was translated into our language by Professor Fejzulah Hadžibajrić. In this tale, in the form of a dialogue, a Dervish (in this case author Selim Sami Jašar himself) talks with a magpie, primarily about the topics of taṣawwuf (sufism) and Islamic dogmatics ('Aqā'id), but also about the topics belonging to the field of theology of moral ('Ilm al-Ahlāq). Particular attention is drawn to the presentation of the symbolism of the animal world, bios, whose essence is examined from the mentioned perspectives. Among other things, the paper emphasizes the historical context of this symbolical tale because it was written in the first half of the twentieth century when not too much attention was given in the West to the zooethical and fitoethical issues.

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Культура путешествия в исламе

Author(s): Dzhamilya Gusenova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2020

The paper, proceeding from the need for a deeper understanding of the phenomenon of travel in Islamic dogma, relying on the texts of the Qur'an and Hadith, reveals the basic concepts of travel in Islam. It is noted that jihad, which is a kind of physical effort, hardship, involves the consideration of travel as one of the forms of jihad. The deistic perception of the act of wandering, traveling: on the one hand, the presence of the element of predestination in its very act, and on the other, the preservation of free will, leads the study to three fundamental motives that move towards a religiously justified journey: awareness of the consequences of unbelief, contemplation of all the beautiful that has been created Almighty, as well as repentance for polytheism. The special status of a traveler in Islam is affirmed by the recognition of some concessions in the implementation of religious practice. Modern Muslim regions, despite their deep-rooted conservative way of life, are trying to adapt to changing conditions by developing tourism on their territory, preserving the Islamic way of life, if possible.

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FAITH AND INFIDELITY IN THE CONTEXT OF THE NOTION SYSTEM IN THE WORKS BY MAHMUD SHABISTARI

Author(s): Andrey Lukashev / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

The main thesis of the article is that the matter of religious tolerance in the works by a concrete author shall be researched in a wider context of his worldview. An author’s worldview can be reconstructed at the basis of his texts, and the consistency in the main notions’ propositions can unveil the consistency of his thought. The research is based mainly on the works by one of the most prominent medieval Persian Sufi writers – Mahmud Shabistari (1288–1321). For the matter of religious tolerance is a very important part of his worldview, the research of general logic of his worldview structure will help us to see the reason of his special approach to interpret the matter of faith and infidelity. Hence, in the first part of the paper we show the propositions that link the main notions of Shabistari’s worldview together and reconstruct in general the consistence of his worldview on the basis of the researched notion system. In the second part of the paper, we use the obtained results to interpret the poet’s idea of the faith and infidelity relation in the context of his worldview.

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Religious Mutual Understanding and Tolerance: A Panacea to Overcome the Contemporary Religious Crises in Nigeria

Author(s): Luqman Lekan Adedeji / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

The paper espouses the purpose of religion as designed for man by Allah and highlights the level of relationship between individuals and groups. Some religious crises recorded in the country that has led to wanton destruction of lives and properties are highlighted. The paper probes into causes of religious crises as well as misunderstanding between adherents of different faith that pose security challenges in the country, through analytic study. It laments that the reckless and barbaric killings of innocent people (Muslims and non-Muslims) could be averted through understanding and peaceful co-existence. The model of Prophet Muhammad on tolerance and peaceful co-existence is recommended as a way out of the challenges and a way of entrenching peaceful society which guarantee a sustainable development.

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Higher Education in Challenging Times: Modes of Lifelong Learning Provision and the Case of Islamic Education

Author(s): Amina Isanović Hadžiomerović / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

Growing insecurity in contemporary society has helped make lifelong learning a prominent feature of postmodern discourses on education and society. As an independent discourse, lifelong learning has generated diversified learning contexts and a proliferation of education provision, issuing a serious challenge to traditional formal and institutional models of education. As a result, higher education, long enclosed in an ivory tower of elitist scholarship and accessible to only a few privileged individuals, has started to change course and open up to non-traditional disciplines, learners, and students. The trend to massification has pushed it to embrace students of various backgrounds and levels of academic preparedness. Policies have been created that facilitate implementation of higher education’s “lifelong dimension”, just as models have been designed that fit programs ranging from vocational to liberal education. This paper applies this framework to examine models for incorporating lifelong learning provision into Islamic education at tertiary level. Concluding remarks stress the significance of lifelong learning opportunities in Islamic education, especially given current demand for higher education as a way to meet the diverse needs of society and the public promptly.

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SUŠTINSKO (NE)RAZUMIJEVANJE ODNOSA S JAVNOŠĆU

Author(s): Ekrem Tucaković / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 79/2019

The text points to some elements of still essential non-understanding of public relations within the Islamic Community which gives ground for misperception of this profession. Public relation is a long term and a continuous process not an ad hoc one-time activity. It is a conscious and planned activity invented to create fair and true image of an organisation not a false promotion. Public relation cannot be regarded as some incidental or seasonal activity. Adherence of a true dialogue aiming at reaching the truth has to be a firm determination of religious institutions wherein public relations may have a significant role. On the other hand, institutional religious authorities cannot have their eyes closed in front of rising of a society of post-truth, because the path is not farther from getting habituated in a post-truth society to getting habituated in a post-religious society (my truth, my conviction and my emotion are my religion). The main task of public relations of the Islamic Community today is to reach out into the emotional world and the experiences of man and then to offer the truth of the faith in an adequate manner to the contemporary man’s familiar way which will then be a guideline for his individual emotions and beliefs towards a firm Islamic identity and towards security of an authentic and fruitful faith.

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TUMAČENJE KUR’ANA U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI O PITANJIMA HILAFETA I PANISLAMIZMA IZMEĐU DVA SVJETSKA RATA

Author(s): Muhamed Okić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 79/2019

Topics of the khilafat and Pan-Islamism were very much alive and popular in Muslim intellectual elite in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the first half of the 20th century. Numerous works were written on these issues and many were translated from other languages with the aim of drawing the attention of general public with the purpose gaining their support for the concepts in matter. Of course, the views regarding these issues differed, but, nonetheless, the authors were quoting mostly same ayas of the Qur’an to which they gave their own interpretations. These issues reached the peak of popularity in 1924, when khilafat was abolished. What was achieved with this and what were the consequences thereof? How it was perceived in the Muslim world, especially amongst the Muslims in Bosnia and Herzegovina, what was the response, what solutions, primarily those that relied upon the first source of Islam, the noble Qur’an, were offered in attempts to resolve the situation? These are the questions that we attempt to answer in the present article.

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ON LISTENING: HEARING GOD’S VOICE IN THE FACE OF SUFFERING

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ON LISTENING: HEARING GOD’S VOICE IN THE FACE OF SUFFERING

Author(s): Mohammed Rustom / Language(s): English Issue: 91-92/2020

Nearly a decade ago, I delivered a lecture which was part of a monthly philosophy colloquium series hosted by the philosophy department at my University. Unlike most of if not every other paper delivered in the series, my topic had to do with a non-European philosophical tradition—Islamic philosophy. The title of the lecture was on death and dreaming in Islamic philosophy, and this I suspect was the reason so many people had attended, professors and students alike. After all, we all dream, and we all experience death in one way or another, so the title would quite naturally speak to diverse kinds of people.

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Epistemology according to Allamah Tabatabai

Author(s): Syed Murtaza Rizvi Alamulhuda / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

Epistemology is a science that discusses: 1. Human knowledge, 2. Evaluation of the types of human knowledge, 3. Determining the true and false criteria of human knowledge. Although this topic (issue, subject matter), has no long history in the history of science, as an independent science and a branch of philosophy, scholars have never been unaware of the issue of recognition and its value and importance, and attention to this issue is not restricted to recent decades. Also in Islamic philosophy and logic, epistemological topics have been raised sporadically in various dimensions but many of them have an ontological state (approach) rather than an epistemological one. Allamah Tabatabai, as one of the greatest scholars and contemporary Islamic philosophers, discussed in his compilations, directly in some cases, and indirectly in other philosophical discussions, the subject of epistemology. Epistemology includes a variety of topics, but three of them are considered as the most important ones: 1. The definition of knowledge, 2. The possibility of knowledge, 3. The instruments of knowledge. The article analyzes epistemology in these titles from the perspective of Allamah Tabatabai. First, it expresses the importance and necessity of epistemology and then it looks at the historical course of epistemology in the Occident and Islam.

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THE RISE AND FALL OF POLITICAL ISLAM IN SUDAN

Author(s): Sergey Kostelyanets / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

In April 2019, Sudan's long-serving President Omar al-Bashir was deposed in a bloodless military coup d'état, which took place amid a major wave of popular protests in the country. The present paper aims to assess the historic path of Sudanese Islamists toward the seizure of power in the course of the 1989 Salvation Revolution and their role in domestic and foreign policies of the Republic of the Sudan in 1989-2019. It will be argued that by the time of the demise of the regime in 2019 political Islam in Sudan had fully eroded and could no longer serve as an effective instrument of legitimization for the government of al-Bashir and that the return of the Islamists to power is improbable.

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THE POLITICS OF POPULAR ISLAM: AN ETHNOGRAPHIC EXPLORATION OF ISLAMIC REVIVALISM IN PAKISTAN

Author(s): Muhammad Bilal / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

In the post-9/11 scenario, the rise of the Taliban and their coalition with Al-Qaeda have engendered new discourses about Islam and Pakistan. In this paper, I present a multi-sited ethnography of Bari Imam, a popular Sufi shrine in Pakistan while re-evaluating certain suppositions, claims and theories about popular Islam in the country. Have militarization, Shariatisation, and resurgence movements such as the Taliban been overzealously discussed and presented as the representative imageries of Islam? I also explore the Sufi dynamics of living Islam, which I will suggest continue to shape the lives and practices of the vast majority of Pakistani Muslims. The study suggests that general unfamiliarity of people outside the subcontinent with the Sufi attributes of living Islam, together with their lack of knowledge of the varieties of identification, observance and experience of Islam among Pakistanis, limit not only their understanding of the land of Pakistan, but also their perception of its people and their faith (Islam).

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Ислам, појединац и делатне заједнице у Србији: актери промена, сукоба и сарадње

Author(s): Marija Mandić,Jadranka Đorđević-Crnobrnja / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3/2020

The text introduces basic theoretical concepts that are important for understanding the conception of the thematic issue, namely transdisciplinarity, cultural heritage, dialogical memory, as well analytical categories of individual and community of practice. The approach to Islam as a subject of study is further explained. The text then refers on the research of Islam, Muslim communities and Ottoman heritage in the Balkans, with the focus on Serbia. The second part presents the papers in this thematic issue.

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„Гајрет“ о садржају школских уџбеника и утицају на муслиманску омладину: прилог проучавању међурелигијског дијалога у Краљевини СХС / Југославији

Author(s): Irena D. Kolaj Ristanović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3/2020

Cultural-educational society „Gayret“ which goal was „national awakening, education and cultural edification of Muslim population“ was founded in 1903 in Sarajevo. The activity of the society extended the whole Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (Yugoslavia) with the representative office in Belgrade also. This work includes the intention of the Society to influence on the content of school books for primary and high school 1932–1935 which included elements of Christians religion implementation, so, in accordance with the opinion of the Society members, „led into confusion Muslim youth“. In the same time, this work accented the good will of the Ministry of Education of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia to remove mentioned content from the school books which tabular list we presented in the work. We used interdisciplinary approach to the subject, so used archival resources, Qur’an and relevant literature.

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PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND ISLAM

Author(s): Maria-Irina Grigore-Radulescu,Corina Florența Popescu / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

Like universalization, regionalization is a process that characterizes contemporary international society, including in the field of human rights. The analysis of regional systems for the promotion and protection of human rights reveals their degree of specificity and the large differences between the basins of legal civilization.

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