We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.
This paper presents a historical overview of civil gatherings and demonstrations. In particular, we analyze the religious element in the demonstration, which affects the motivation of many people in the past. The fact is that many demonstrations and still have a religious element, although this is not the main motive for the demonstration. I concluded on the basis of the analysis that the religious element influenced many movements in the past but that there pseudo religious element in secular demonstrations such as the Revolution and the October Revolution in Russia.It is also important to note that many factors affect the extreme notion that religion is misused for political purposes.
More...
The phenomenon of constant decrease of the Vistula River water level of the low, as well as mean state is observed from the mid-twentieth century (Wierzbicki et al. 1997). This process causes danger for the channel-connected infrastructures e.g. water intakes, regulation structures, bridges etc. It is genetically linked with channel bottom erosion induced by river engineering works and exploitation of alluvia (Skibiński 1963; Żelaziński et al. 2005). Currently, downstream and upstream of the Warsaw reach are also observed opposite processes such as aggradation. They are considered responsible for the increase of flooding danger. // The channel of the Warsaw Vistula River reach (so-called “Warsaw corset”) is narrowed by regulation structures from over 300 m to 220 m (mean flow) (Gutry-Korycka et al. 2006). The contemporary substratum of the alluvia consists of erosion-resistant deposits (e.g. boulder clay, clay, as well as coarse gravel and pebbles) building protrusions and cropping out in some places in the channel bottom (Falkowski E. 1990; Falkowski T. 2006). Between such elevations, the thickness of channel alluvia exceeds 15 m (below the mean water level). The examined 8- km long channel reach is representative for the phenomenon of simultaneous deposition and downward erosion in adjacent zones of the Warsaw Vistula. It comprises the aggradation zone of the Zawadowskie Islands and the erosional reach of the Siekierki region that are connected with the transitional reach. Bathymetric investigations (echosoundings) conducted in the channel zone have displayed that changes in the bottom level of the low and high water in the Siekierki region close to the river bank exceed 5 m and in the channel axis zone – about 1 m. In spite of this, depositional meso- and macroforms are completely lacking in the Siekierki reach. Changes in the channel bottom morphology are connected with the process of evorsion taking place close to the regulation facilities and with changes of the whirlpool dimensions. In the Zawadowskie Islands, changes of the bottom level exceed 3−4 m. This is a zone of constant changes of the position and morphology of meso- and macroforms. They constantly emerge and are washed away. Geological drillings conducted in the channel zone have displayed that geology is an important factor for the diversity of the studied reach dynamics. The shallow position of the substratum of the alluvia in the narrow, regulated channel reach near Siekierki is the reason for its transitional nature. The deep location of the substratum in the Zawadowskie Islands reach enables free thalweg migration, as well as the emersion, erosion and alteration of the depositional channel forms.
More...
Naredne, malobrojne bilješke ni u jednom trenu ne pretendiraju da iscrpno obrade Lenjinovu teoriju i praksu. One samo žele da ukažu, u grubim obrisima, na vezu između njegove teorije i prakse, zbog osjećaja da upravo ta veza nije dovoljno jasno prisutna čak ni u svijesti mnogih komunista.
More...
Political preparation of the historic act of August 23, 1944
More...
Military aspects on the territory of Bacău county at the beginning of the revolution of social and national liberation, anti-fascist and anti-imperialist, started on August 23, 1944
More...
Jeden z autorů knihy, Sönke Neitzel, ve své předmluvě vzpomíná, jak v listopa- dovém mrholení roku 2001 spěchal do útulné badatelny britského národního archivu v Kew Gardens. Krátce předtím narazil na práci Michaela Gan- nona, pojednávající o zvratu v bitvě o Atlantik. Obsahovala i několik stran odposlechových protokolů příslušníků německého ponorkového loďstva, což jej překvapilo. Zatímco o existenci záznamů z výslechů německých zajat- ců věděl, o tajných odposlechových zprávách neměl tušení. Chtěl zjistit více. Na druhou stranu si od svého počinu příliš nesliboval. Možná najde pár stran nesouvislých rozhovorů. K jeho překvapení na něj čekalo několik set stran textů zachycujících rozhovory německých námořníků, většinou ponorkových posádek. Postupně mu došlo, že narazil na příslovečnou špičku ledovce. Zjistil, že Br itové v zajateckých táborech systematicky odposlouchávali tisíce německých a několik stovek italských vojáků, jejichž rozhovory byly zaznamenány.
More...
Historia: Prymas Wyszyński a „komunizm nacjonalistyczny” 1956–1957. Dyskutują: Michał Białkowski, Andrzej Friszke i Paweł Skibiński oraz Zbigniew Nosowski
More...
Do zniszczenia naszej cywilizacji, a może wręcz do wyniszczenia homo sapiens, zbędne jest zarówno globalne ocieplenie, jak i, tym bardziej, broń jądrowa. Skłonny jestem bronić poglądu, że ludzkość wykończy skutecznie całkiem co innego: ignorancja.
More...
The essay examines the various approaches which scientists have taken to study the role of Intelligence in national and international politics. We take into consideration the numerous methodological and epistemological strategies that characterized the study of „Intelligence” during the last 50 years. From the very beginning, studies on „Intelligence” have been characterized by interdisciplinarity and „opening” towards various conceptual approaches. Historians, political scientists, sociologists and professionists from the field have brought all together their contributions to the development of research in connection with „Intelligence” issues. The author reaches the conclusion that this is one of the greatest advantages of this subdomain, arguing for a continuous broadening and deepening of studies on the intelligence agenda.
More...
Is there a Science of Intelligence? The answer is affirmative and confirmed by academic projects, which universities in Europe, USA, Japan or China launch on the information research market. In a world and an era of the globalisation of strategic intelligence and expanding secret services, supported by the digital revolution and the AI revolution, the author tries to define the place of moral values.
More...