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The article discusses the complicated configuration of Gabrielė Petkevičaitė-Bitė’s moral attitudes and reflected problems in the Lithuanian cultural and political context in the late 19th and early 20th century. In a period of the coexistence of distinct world-views and intellectual cultures, Petkevičaitė-Bitė’s moral attitude as reflected in her epistolary, journalistic, and fiction writings, reveals problems which arise in the formation of a new progressive society. First, the article presents the historical, political, and cultural context of Lithuania in the late 19th and early 20th century. The moral attitude of Petkevičaitė-Bitė is analyzed revealing the sources and factors that determined her ethical decisions. The texts of G. Petkevičaitė-Bitė show us that she understands morality as the sum of responsibilities of which human beings must be made aware early in their family life. The basis of such a morality is a human being’s categorical duty to his nation and to humanity as a whole. Petkevičaitė-Bitė often refers to the moral conception of Immanuel Kant in her view on firm character formation, the individual’s moral purity, and his or her perception of responsibility. Kant’s unconditional moral law plays the central role in the whole of Petkevičaitė-Bitė’s moral conceptions and writings.
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The author of the text has discussed the study of Łukasz Goryszewski titled Styles of consumption of Polish upper class (2014). In the case of multiplicity of readings on the phenomenon of consumption available on the market, one should pay attention to this position, because it concerns the issue of consumption of a specific group – Polish upper class. The subject of wealth is widely present in the daily press, but it is relatively rarely examined by scientific research. Empirical studies on wealth are much more neglected in comparison to the studies on poverty. The book by Łukasz Goryszewski provides the reader with the insight into the styles of consumption (of selected goods and services: cars, clothes, housing and ways of spending leisure time) of the representatives of the Polish upper class. The analysis of the image of the Polish elite outlined in the selected series and magazines complements the obtained picture.
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Leadership constitutes an important issue in the development of the future business and education. There are many views and many perceptions of leadership stemming from various sciences as well as business practice.This book review focuses on the recently published book (a part of the Springer Proceedings in Business and Economics series) entitled “Leadership for the Future Sustainable Development of Business and Education” that puts together relevant materials from the International Conference held in 2017 by Prague Institute for Qualification Enhancement (PRIZK) and International Research Centre (IRC) “Scientific Cooperation”.The book of proceedings in question encompasses the contributions of researchers from China, Colombia, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Russian Federation, and Ukraine, among many others, and examines leadership in a number of interesting and novel ways from the perspectives of business, economics, social sciences, cross-cultural management, and education as a means to establish a future of sustainable development.
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The article explores different advertising practices and how they evolved through the centuries. The research starts from ancient Egypt, it continues with China, ancient Rome, medieval Europe, and Gutenberg's time up until the beginning of 20th century.
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