Around the Bloc: Baku Scores Glitz Points for Inaugural F1 Race
Around the Bloc: Baku Scores Glitz Points for Inaugural F1 Race
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Around the Bloc: Baku Scores Glitz Points for Inaugural F1 Race
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Allegations of state-sponsored doping during the 2014 Sochi Winter Olympics might lead to Rio Games ban.
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After World War II, with its sports achievements Bulgaria ranked among the most powerful countries. Its success in the field of high performance sport impressed the world to such an extent that it started talking about Bulgarian schools in wrestling, weightlifting, rhythmic gymnastics and rowing. The records of Stefka Kostadinova in the high jump and of Yordanka Donkova in the 100 meters hurdles remain unsurpassed to this day. Bulgaria was awarded prizes in a number of other sports disciplines. Factors for the brilliant development were the support (financial and material) from the state leadership, the coaching approach and the competitive spirit of athletes represented in the survey.
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This article examines the practice of swapping Olympic pins among participants, staff, and guests of the 2014 Olympic Games. The study is based on data obtained through participant observation by the author during the Olympic Games in Sochi, Russia. The observed phenomenon is unique because of its short-term nature, the closeness and high emotional pitch of the context in which it occurs, and the involvement of representatives of many different cultures. The author concludes that the practice of pin exchange consists of several distinct forms that hold different meaning for participants (corporative, expanded, collection-oriented, speculative, and imitative forms of exchange). The practice of pin exchange significantly transformed over the course of the Sochi Olympics, as it passed through various stages (renewal, infection, epidemic, parade, and museum). During the exchange process some Olympic pins come to hold subjective value for participants and acquire their own “history.” As a result, some pins are excluded from the process of exchange.
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Sport is one of the areas of social life where patterns of femininity and masculinity are defined. The body plays a basic role there, and competition almost always takes place with division into the sexes. Therefore, in the article I will raise the notions related to the non-standard bodies of a sportsman presented in the social space, with consideration of the division into the sexes. The sport body is a subject of interest as a product of socio-cultural practices. Hence, special attention is paid to the creation of particular categories and the relationships between them. The article raises the notions of changes that take place in the life of a physically disabled person which are caused by their engagement in a sports activity. The text is devoted to the problems of experiencing one’s corporeality, with division into the female and male body, and it serves to expose the similarities and differences of the sexes in sport for the disabled. Qualitative data are used in the research, collected through the technique of in-depth free interviews and observations conducted among the disabled who practice sports. Analysis and interpretation of the research material is performed in accordance with procedures of grounded theory.
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The authors have attempted to identify various values of the lake districts for the development of sport, recreation and sailing tourism. The main objective of this study was to show the diversity of forms and conducting of sailing activity, influenced by social and economic changes occurring in the Dobiegniew lake district. Documents and other materials available in the archives of the communal and administrative institutions as well as sailing organizations active in these regions were analyzed. Chronological statement of facts shows the diversity and popularity of used forms of activities also in a little-known period of German affiliation of the investigated region. Results of this study should be treated as insight necessary to create further development plans of thematic activities on inland waters.
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Vasile Canarache (1896-1969), a complex personality, was interested in journalism, sports and archaeology. The article deals with the activity of Canarache as president of the Romanian Cycling Federation between 1935 and 1945. Using documentary material from the newspapers and the Federation’s archive, preserved in the custody of Viorica Canarache, the daughter-in-law of Vasile Canarache, this article fills a gap in the sport historiography. In 1934 the Tour of Romania was the first cycling race, set up and sponsored by Canarache, editor of the Daily Sport. In 1940 he organized in Bucharest the first Balkan Cycling Championships. The newspaper Tempo!, Canarache's property, and the Romanian Cycling Federation worked together to promote this sport in Romania.
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The first part of the paper discussion commences with skiing, which has the dimension of a national myth in Slovenia and elaborates the stereotype that Slovenes are not successful in collective sports, but in individual ones. We examined this issue with presentation, comparison and commenting all facts in selected individual sports vs. collective sports (skiing vs. football, swimming vs. basketball and athletics vs. handball). Generally speaking, Slovenes are in sports above all individuals. The second part of the paper contemplates the individualism of diplomats and sportspersons. This characteristic enables outstanding sportspersons, who are celebrities, to appear therefore occasionally as ad hoc diplomats. They de facto represent their own countries, promote friendly relations in concrete cases or generally, as a universal value, and also negotiate, if tasked with this. However, they are not diplomats; they just behave like them, since they are successful individuals.
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The negative role of football in the rise of nationalisms in former Yugoslavia has been well documented. On the other hand, some recent sports successes have been re-imaging the Western Balkans states internationally and therefore improving their sports diplomacy. The paper presents a case-study of Bosnia and Herzgovina (BiH), which made its debut appearance at the FIFA World Cup in 2014. The findings are drawn from ethnographic fieldwork and media analysis. While the ethnographic findings suggest that the 2014 FIFA World Cup failed to unite the ethnically divided society of BiH, the international media kept presenting divided BiH as finally united behind their World Cup heroes. Ethnographic interviews revealed that the Bosnians did not believe in the reconciliatory power of the World Cup, yet they were very supportive of (unrealistic) stories finally presenting BiH in a positive way. The paper concludes that although the Bosnian football team and international media reporting have set the milestone for Bosnian sports diplomacy, the state should systematically develop its sports diplomacy, following both domestic and foreign policy goals.
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With new sports emerging in the Croatian-speaking area, there was a need to publish manuals explaining the tactical and technical rules of each sport, which brought about the formation of sports terminology and its usage. Croatian sports terminology was (and still is) strongly influenced by the English language, as evidenced by examples of terms verified in the Official International Rules of Basketball manual published in 1933. This study aims to determine and describe the similarities and differences between the terms verified in the source used and those that are in active use nowadays. In accordance with that, two hypotheses have been formulated. The first one is that the terms taken directly from English, which have been substituted by domestic terms in present terminology due to processes of terminological development, planning, and standardisation, will be verified in the Manual. The second hypothesis is that some of the basketball terms verified in the Manual nowadays have the status of obsolete terms, i.e., they belong to the passive vocabulary, which is due to extralinguistic factors, primarily changes in the rules of the game of basketball. The collected terms are divided into several groups and observed according to the criterion of adapting certain terms to Croatian as the recipient language. Terms in active use are taken from the Official Basketball Rules authorised by the Association of Croatian Basketball Referees, compared to the official FIBA basketball rules in English.
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Based on the archival sources and relevant literature, the authors analyze the activities of the Yugoslav State Security Service during the preparation and supervision of the VIII Mediterranean Games in 1979. This research is focused primarily on the working methods of intelligence structures, and especially the methods of recruiting and utilizing informants, as well as the operational measures of surveillance and monitoring of suspicious persons and (potential) enemies of the communist order. The aim of the paper is to demonstrate the level of state repression and surveillance, which remained one of the basic characteristics of the Yugoslav system up until the disintegration of the state.
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Socio ‑economic factors are an important part of sports development. Tarnów, as a significantindustrial center of the 20th century, was a convenient place for sports activities. The economic development of the Tarnów region in the 19th and 20th centuries laid the foundation for the establishment of a numerous football clubs, which enjoyed sporting success thanks to the favorable economic situation. Over time, Tarnów became an attractivelocation for launching industrial activities such as the Nitrogen Works and the MechanicalWorks, which are still an essential financial support for local football clubs. The chemicalindustry in Tarnów’s district – Mościce, functioned as early as the interwar period, being animportant center of Central Industrial District. Nowadays Tarnów county is characterizedby diverse industrial activity, with the most popular establishment being Bruk ‑Bet, whichhas been funding the local Nieciecza football club since the early 2000s. Bruk ‑Bet TermalicaNieciecza has become the most successful club from the Tarnów region over the past decade,helped by private investment by Bruk ‑Bet’s owners, including the construction of entiresports infrastructure facilities. The oldest football club in Tarnów – Tarnovia, was the mostsuccessful in the middle of the 20th century, which was influenced by the central support ofthe city government. The Tarnów region, characterized by diversity in the cultural spherebefore 1939, also enjoyed interest in sports among the Jewish community. The in terwarperiod was used by the Jewish population to organize sports and cultural events or run theirown football clubs, which had a positive impact on the local community.
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The aim of this research is to construct a theoretical concept, theme “Recreational Freediving Program without fins” for beginners, which will be used to improve psychological conditions vital and lung capacity through an 8-week training program. The research participants were Yogyakarta State University students who were over 18 years old and had anxiety disorders as measured using the DASS-21 instrument. The reason for choosing a recreational freediving training program that does not use fins is because it is cost-effective and easy to do. Also, consider the recommended freediving training principlesThis research uses mixed methods. This study combines two approaches, namely qualitative and quantitative. The seven experts' participation was determined by criteria of freediving, Sport aquatic expert, sport coaching expert and phycological expert. The qualitative stage for data collection uses the Delphi technique. This research was conducted with content validity with Aiken's V index.Based on the research Aiken's analysis results compared with the value of the V table in the evaluation using 7 expert judgments with 5 alternative scales at a significance and level of 5% is V Score (0.79 to 0.89) > V table 0,75, it mean the freediving recreational exercise program with no fins that conduct to increase phycological condition and lung capacity is valid. This finding underscores some of the essential skills that are necessary for a successful and safe freediving experience for beginners who have anxiety.
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School Physical Education (PE) is a crucial component of the educational process, significantly influencing students' physical, psychological, and social development. To ensure its effectiveness, teachers should thoroughly consider both the content and organizational aspects of instruction. As a part of their education, teachers should acquire adequate skills, knowledge and abilities for teaching in this way. Teacher specialization indicates their official education for teaching respective school subject (here Physical Education), which plays a pivotal role in this context. The main objective of the research presented in this article is to analyze the influence of teacher specialization in PE on PE regarding the recommended structure of lessons and on effective time use in instruction. The research methodology is based on a quantitative approach, especially video-based analysis and the chronometry method were used. The recommended structure was observed in 21 out of 35 PE lessons. In the remaining 14 lessons, the concluding part was missing, which is crucial in terms of concluding moderate-intensity physical activity, as expected during PE instruction. Since even specialized teachers did not include the concluding part, it cannot be conclusively argued in favor of their education as PE teachers. Furthermore, it was found that PE lessons were on average shortened by 12 minutes and 59 seconds, not lasting the full 45 minutes – we introduced the working term "unused time" in the text to describe this phenomenon. Regarding the use of time in PE lessons, it was surprising to find that specialized teachers had a higher average loss time by 10.2% compared to non-specialized teachers.
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Background: The implementation of integrated learning models in physical education (PE) increased significantly, but there were limited sources which applied teaching games for understanding-sports education (TGfU-SE) to improve learning engagement (LE) and game performance (GP) among students at university level. Purpose: This study aims to determine the effect of TGfU-SE towards LE and GP among students for 12 weeks. Methods: A true experimental study with a randomized controlled trial (RCT) design for 12 weeks was adopted in this study. Participants were 54 students from Physical Education and Recreation Health at Singaperbangsa University Karawang (Indonesia) who were equally allocated into experimental (TGfU-SE, n = 27, 18.4 ± 0.88 year) and control groups (TGfU, n = 27, 19.0 ± 1.06 year). The self-report scales Utrecht Work Engagement Scale for Students and the Game Performance Assessment Instrument were used. Student's t Paired Samples T-Test and 2 × 2 repeated measures ANOVA test were used to analyze the data. Results: The results of this study show that the TGfU-SE model had a greater effect on increasing LE (p < 0.05) and GP (p < 0.05) compared to the TGfU model. Repeated measures ANOVA shows a significant effect of time, teaching and interaction time x teaching in LE and GP (p < 0.05). Conclusion: We highlight the benefit in implementing TGfU-SE for 12 weeks which induce a positive improvement in all components of LE and GP demonstrate a positive improvement as a result of the 12-week implementation of TGfU-SE.
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The purpose of the research is to determine the kinematic parameters that are key to achieving the best high jump results with the scissors technique in children, as well as the mutual correlations in the approach and take-off phases. As many as 123 subjects between the ages of 7 and 12 (AS±SD = 9.20±1.33) participated in the research. The respondents were members of the Kvarner athletics club. The high jump using the scissors technique was recorded with a Sony RX10 II video camera. The kinematic analysis was carried out using the software Kinovea 0.9.5. Multiple linear regression was used to examine the association of nine predictor variables with the bar height criterion, while to determine significant correlations between kinematic parameters, an analysis of Pearson's correlation coefficients was performed. The most significant findings of the research show that the predictors explain a significant part of the variance (60.4 %) of height of the bar (F (9. 112) = 18.98; p < 0.001). Significant predictors of height of the bar are: the duration of the penultimate stride in the run-up (b = - 0.43; p < 0.01), length of the last stride in the run-up (b = 0.30; p < 0.01), length of the penultimate stride in the run-up (b = 0.41; p < 0.01) and ankle angle (b = 0.21; p < 0.01). Certain kinematic parameters are relevant for success in the high jump.
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Motor learning is an important part of any sport. Various methods have been used to make motor learning more effective and improve it, and one of them is the enhanced expectancies method. The method assumes that if we induce a feeling in an individual that they can succeed in a task, they will perform better than individuals without the intervention. The main aim of the current systematic review was to explore the methods used to induce enhanced expectancies and to gain greater insight into research on the phenomenon. A total of 25 articles were included in the systematic review. Three main areas of methods used to induce enhanced expectancies emerged - feedback, differing criteria or assignments and visual illusions. Feedback appeared in 14 studies, while differing criteria or assignments and visual illusions each appeared in 8 studies. However, different methods fall under these three groups and are discussed in more depth. Another important finding is the effect of enhanced expectancies on self-efficacy, or other psychological components of the individual, which was found in 11 studies. Overall, research on enhanced expectancies is very diverse and the present review study depicts its forms.
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PURPOSE: High jump, a complex athletic activity, involves distinct phases crucial for success, notably the take-off phase. While previous studies explored kinematic parameters' influence on high jump success, none investigated their fatigue-induced changes. This pilot study aimed to explore fatigue's impact on kinematic parameters in high jump performance. METHODS: A prominent Croatian junior high jumper underwent rested and fatigued jumping sessions. Internal fatigue was assessed via the Wellness questionnaire and session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE). External fatigue parameters were assessed through bilateral and unilateral Countermovement Jump (CMJ) height using Gyko and Optogait devices. Kinematic parameters were recorded via Logitech C920 and Xiaomi Redmi Note 8 Pro cameras, including contact time, take-off place, knee and body angles. RESULTS: Significant differences were observed in knee angle touchdown (p=0,01), knee angle take-off (p=0,05), body angle touchdown (p=0,01), body angle take-off (p=0,03), knee amortization start (p=0,05), and knee amortization (p=0,01). CONCLUSION: Fatigue significantly impacts kinematic parameters in high jump, particularly affecting body inclination during take-off, knee angles, and knee amortization. Coaches should consider fatigue when planning training and competition schedules for optimal performance. Maintaining rested conditions is crucial, and targeted training can enhance muscle groups affected by fatigue during specific jump phases.
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A bone mineral density (BMD) test can provide a snapshot of bone health. The test identifies osteoporosis, determines the risk of fracture (broken bones), and measures the response to osteoporosis treatment. The study attempted to determine the effects of three different rest periods (30, 60, 120 sec.) as a variable factor in strength training on selected indicators of total bone density.The experiment involved four groups of five participants: three experimental groups and one control group. The study’s participants were characterized as athletic in ability, with strength sufficient training experience of more than 3 years and technical knowledge; the participants were male, aged 18-35 years (n = 20). To evaluate the effect of rest pauses in strength training on bone density, the states before and after the experiment were compared in individuals, the experimental groups and the control group. For analysis we use the BMD index (g /cm2), T-score, and Z-score.In the group which applied the 30-second rest period, the mean BMD increase was 0.0046 g/cm2 with a standard deviation of 0.0079 g/cm2, in the 60-second group it was -0.0260 g/cm2 with a standard deviation of 0.0412 g/cm2, and in the 120-second group it was 0.0082 g/cm2 with a standard deviation of 0.0168 g/cm2. At a statistical significance level of 5%, no significant difference in bone density was found between the groups for different rest pauses, but the factual significance of the relationship of strength training as a possible prevention of osteoporosis and solving problems of the musculoskeletal system.
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The aim of this paper is to review the place and significance of physical education (PE) classes in the younger grades of primary school, both within the physical education system and the educational system in general. The contribution of such organized teaching to pupils’ physical activities and the possibility for them to be physically active on a daily basis will be pointed out. Additionally, the intention of this paper is to emphasize the necessity of regular physical activity, particularly at the younger school age, and the numerous positive effects that that participation in these activities produce for the body. The World Health Organization recommends 60 minutes of moderate to intense physical activity every day. Unfortunately, data indicate that a significant percentage of children and adolescents fail to meet even the recommended minimum, with physical activity levels showing a tendency to decline with age, and sedentary lifestyles being prevalent among this population. Insufficient physical activity can also result in negative impacts on health status. Given its purpose and broad reach, the school is one of the key points for implementing certain interventions in order to overcome these problems. The teacher’s daily interaction with pupils during school hours inevitably aids in understanding their personalities, enabling the structuring of relevant and engaging content that would provide incentives for regular physical activity of various types and levels. This is precisely where the “power” of homeroom teaching of PE lies, as the content of physical activities can be applied throughout the entire school environment, not solely confined to PE classes. With ongoing monitoring of pupils’ progress throughout the whole teaching process, there is an opportunity for faster identification of children at an increased risk of engaging in sedentary activities, allowing for targeted interventions to be implemented.
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