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Autorstvo Petoknjižja (Tora)

Author(s): Monika Bajić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2/2016

This piece is a concise summary of the historical and contemporary development of Pentateuch studies in Old Testament Theology. This article aims to provide information on the possible confirmation of the Mosaic authorship. The purpose is to examine how the Documentary Hypothesis, Fragment and Supplemental Hypotheses, Form and Traditio-Historical Criticism, Canonical and Literary Criticism have helped to reveal or identify the identity of the author of the Torah. To better understand the mentioned hypotheses, this article presents a brief description of the J, E, D, and P sources.

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Doktrina krštenja Duhom u karizmatskom pokretu

Author(s): Goran Medved / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2/2015

The article addresses the major terms and issues regarding the doctrine of baptism in the Spirit in the Charismatic movement. It considers the historical and biblical foundation of the doctrine of baptism in the Spirit, and defines the Charismatic movement. It engages issues of Spirit-baptism such as timing (immediacy or subsequence), stages in Christian growth (second blessing or third blessing), signs accompanying Spirit-baptism (observable or non-observable, normative or descriptive), and the relationship of experience and doctrine. The article shows that baptism in the Spirit is interpreted differently by different charismatic groups in order to accommodate their particular denominational theology – in the historic Protestant churches, in the Roman Catholic Church and in the independent churches. Different groups use different biblical texts in support of their Spirit-baptism pneumatology. Some focus on the descriptive passages of Acts, some on the didactic passages of Paul, while some are aiming for integrative use of those texts and also the passages of John. The doctrine of Spirit-baptism appears divisive on the surface, because of its numerous nuances, but it is actually a common denominator and a strong unifying factor across the charismatic world. The effects of Spirit-baptism are numerous and seen as positive and desirable for personal and church growth.

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Verba Volant, Scripta Manent: Jacques ’As Derrida Ir Tipografinė Sekuliarizacija

Author(s): Lina Vidauskytė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 83/2015

The article deals with Jacques Derrida’s relationship with religion and faith through the perspective of orality, literacy and printing technology. Deconstruction is applicable only for the printed word, so all Derrida’s thought depends on printing technology. According to psychosexual stages of development (oral, anal, phallic) which were described by Sigmund Freud, a parallel can be seen with three-communication technology – oral word, writing, and the printing press. The printed word always commands and controls, in contrast with the oral word. For a long time Learned Latin was such paradigm of control in Western Europe. One might say that Learned Latin as the language of the Father is the crucial factor of control. This paradigm of control is the framework of Derrida’s thought and a part of his deconstruction method. Derrida discovered the philosophical potentialities of cinema at the end of his life. Ghosts appearing in the cinema (which according to Sigmund Freud is nothing else but the parents), and allowed Derrida to understand his own philosophical position. In addition, the ghost, i.e. voice, can be interpreted as the return of orality. Secondary orality is the sign of contemporary audiovisual technologies. Long live ghosts as Derrida’s “motto” expresses not only his own reconciliation with the phantasm but at the same time refers to a certain moment of secularity. Under the presure of writing, religion was gradually transformed and the printing technology eventually led to the secularization.

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Hipertekstas Arba Epas Apie Avariją Ir Sumaištį

Author(s): Saulius Keturakis / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 83/2015

The idea of hypertext, suggested by Theodor Holm Nelson in 1965, has commonly been discussed in the context of literary theory or rhetoric or, speaking more generally, in the context of book culture. This article is an attempt to see hypertext – a non-linear media – from the position that would be an alternative to the analytical tradition of hypertext. The search for such an approach is provoked by the standpoint of the creator that hypertext should be something quite different from the previous media system in Western culture. If one consistently follows the spirit of Nelson’s idea of hypertext, the categories of non-linear culture and interpretation should be related, not to scientific, but to experience discourses and their reflection in metaphors - magic, dreams, flickering of ambiguity and a disastrous breakage - revealing the structure of the reality phenomenon observed in the moment of shock. The article concludes that indirect, poetic characteristics describe the peculiarities of a hypertext media more accurately than the effort to accommodate them in definitions with strict boundaries. This article is an attempt to see hypertext – a non-linear media – from the positions that would be an alternative to the analytical tradition of hypertext.

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Apriorinės Čiabūties Egzistencialumo Struktūros Martino Heideggeri O Veikale Būtis Ir Laikas

Author(s): Tautvydas Vėželis / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 83/2015

This discussion focuses primarily on the conception of the world and an analysis of the a priori structures of Dasein’s existentiality in Heidegger’s work “Being and Time”. The dialogue clarifies subtle distinctions between ontological existentialities and categories in Heidegger’s fundamental ontology of Heidegger.

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Moć kršćanina: Razlučivanje improvizacijske etike moći iz Evanđelja po Marku

Author(s): Daniel Herron / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2015

The presence of power, operating in both obvious and subtle ways in public life, necessitates the development of a Christian ethic of power with which to guide the church and her members in all relational discourse—both with those inside and outside of Christian communities. The core question to be considered in this study is: how are Christians to hold and exercise power? In order to gain an understanding of Jesus’ own conception and use of power, this study focuses on a narrative analysis of the Gospel of Mark, emphasizing the periscope of 10:42-45. Here we find the self-subordinating, atoning action of Jesus in the cross as the primary Scriptural image of a Christian’s own expression of power. In order to address the process of forming a normative ethic from our exegesis, this survey will make use of a critical integration of the ethical methodologies of Richard Hays and Samuel Wells, making use of the narrative’s own imagery of Servant, Sacrifice, Shalom as the Bible’s own formational pattern for Christian ethical formation.

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He Appeared to Whom? Another look at 1 Tim 3:16b

Author(s): Kevin Walker / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2014

There is a strong scholarly consensus that ώφθη άγγέλοις in 1 Tim 3:16 refers to Jesus being seen by angels at his exaltation. However, the arguments supporting this conclusion are insufficient to justify such uniformity. A fresh analysis of the lexical, contextual, and thematic data suggests that this line refers instead to Jesus’ resurrection appearances. A lexical examination of ώφθη άγγέλοις reveals a better translation: “appeared to messengers.” This translation fits comfortably in its context in 1 Timothy. And thematically it is another witness to the significant NT theme of Jesus’ resurrection appearances.

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G. Deleuze’as Ir M. Proustas : Tekstų Ryšio Problema

Author(s): Audrius Račkauskas / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 80/2014

The article discusses the intertextual and functional relationship of Gilles Deleuze and Marcel Proust. Through the logic of text subordination and the Deleuzian conception of the communication of events, the article analyzes the philosophical relation of the metatext and of the primary text. In spite of the reflexive and rhetorical procedures used in the relation , the relation cannot be reduced to them. Philosophical work with the primary text along with reflection and rhetoric involve the creation of concepts. The primary text for such work is neither an instrument nor object of reflection, but the medium for experiment. However, creativity is not a freely chosen method. Creativity requires an encounter and necessity implied in it. On the other hand, it does not mean that the philosophical relation is contingent and occurs without the participation of the subject of philosophy

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Хајдегер и Хегел: феноменолошка метода као топос конфронтације

Author(s): Milan Brdar / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 152/2015

In this article the author examines Heidegger’s understanding of the phenomenological method and scrutinizes the coherence of its application in Being and Time (Sein und Zeit, 1927). The explication of the method is elaborated by focusing on Heidegger’s critique of Husserl and a comparative analysis between Heidegger and Hegel, emphasizing aspects of their respective methods that they have in common and showing the differences. On this basis a critique of Being and Time is developed from the methodological point of view. The most important insight of this insistence on the consistency of the application of the phenomenological method in Being and Time would result in the analytical demarcations between the hermeneutics of facticity – as a procedure of individual self-interpretation of the everyday Dasein, existential analytics – as a philosophical reflection aiming at the universal conditions and limits of Dasein’s hermeneutic of facticity, and the fundamental ontology – as a basis for constructing the philosophical ontology that can address the being as such and its meaning. As it is well known, such distinctions are not present in Heidegger’s work and author argues that this is consequence of the inconsistent application of his proposed method. This is the main strategic weakness inherent in Being and Time as a Heidegger’s central work. Furthermore, the article demonstrates that the conception of the phenomenological method as conceptualized by Heidegger leads directly to considerations that would become known only after 1930, that is after the turn (Kehre), as the domain of Heidegger II, which represent investigations into the history of being, and the Event (Ereignis) in the sense of the self-discovery of being.

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Hermeneutika Anapus Objektyvizmo Ir Reliatyvizmo: Trauminės Atminties Patirtys

Author(s): Rūta Bagdanavičiūtė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 79/2014

In this article the hermeneutical theory of the understanding of the historical is applied to the analysis of traumatic historical memories. There is an important hermeneutical precondition of existentiality, also a hermeneutical look from the inside, which breaks pretensions to understand history objectively. The text analyses Gadamer’s theory of the fusion of different historical horizons as a balancing between objectivism and relativism and as directed to understanding a “higher Universality“. This text highlights future-ness that does not put an end to the process of interpretation. Such a theory of understanding history is useful to analyse concrete traumatic historical memories. These experiences stimulate passionate truths that provoke conflicts of interpretations instead of directing people towards “higher” truths. This article shows the friction between such “universality“ and subjective projections paved by pragmatic manipulations. This article discusses the possibility of realizing the principle of a hermeneutical dialogue on the platform of a politics of memory; but this principle should not be understood as striving to common truths but to a harmonious coexistence of differences.

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Dvasinių Ir Betikslių Kelionių Žemėlapiai

Author(s): Agnieška Juzefovič / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 79/2014

The paper examines the phenomenon of spiritual and pointless travels, highlights the cultural context in which this topic appears in both the western and the eastern literature and philosophical traditions. Various philosophical texts and novels quite often contain maps of spiritual journeys. The goal is identified with the assumption that a spiritual journey is merely discovering something which always was hidden in the depths of the own soul. In Daoism a particularly popular idea was of a spiritual and pointless journey. The journey could take place in a geographical area, or be performed in the traveler’s mind or imagination. The present paper deals with such kinds of wanderers as a permanent fugitive and a loafer and highlights their specific features. It also analyzes wanderers’s alternative roads. These roads have in recent decades gained in popularity as alternatives to mass, standardized itineraries. This paper analyzes the phenomenon of travel from a historical perspective, highlights different types of travelers, travel motives and particularities of wonderers’s itineraries.

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Estetikos Sampratos Transformacijos Ontologinėje Hermeneutikoje: H.-G. Gadameris, L. Pareysonas

Author(s): Vaiva Daraškevičiūtė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 76/2013

The author analyses the transformation of the concept of aesthetics in the ontological hermeneutics of German philosopher Hans Georg Gadamer and Italian thinker Luigi Pareyson. Gadamer insists that aesthetics has to be assimilated into hermeneutical art philosophy, and this strategy fits the contemporary art perspective. However in Western tradition the dimension of art usually is related not to hermeneutical understanding and thought in general, but to the senses, intuition, imagination. Therefore there arises the question – Does Gadamer avoid the risk to resolve art into philosophy, as it was done in Hegel’s philosophy of art? On the other hand, there are doubts that this risk is common to hermeneutical philosophy in general. As the critics of hermeneutics have noted, hermeneutics deals more with the meanings and significances than with reality. These doubts are rejected by analysing the concept of aesthetics as the theory of formativity in Pareyson’s hermeneutics. The author observes that Pareyson’s aesthetics of formativity at some point is more radical than Gadamer’s concept of the art’s philosophy, because the first one considers the artwork as the practice.

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Tapybos Ir Literatūros Ontologinė Interpretacija M. Merlau-Ponty Meno Filosofijoje

Author(s): Antanas Andrijauskas / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 75/2013

The article analyzes the ideas of Merleau-Ponty’s art philosophy; explicates his approach to art’s role in the creative person life and culture. It focuses on the divulgation of painting and literature specificity. While studying certain aspects of influence on person and society of authentic painting, novel and poetry, the French thinker brings them closer to philosophy. The article critically discusses the theories of painting as indirect purport and novel as peculiar linguistic element and exposes their connections with not classical and existential traditions of art philosophy. Special attention is paid to the psychopathological aspects of Cezanne’s personality and creativity. Relaying on the interpretations of Balzac’s, Stendhal’s, Proust’s works by Merleau- Ponty, the article discusses his theory of authentic literature in more details.

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Metateatralioji Šiuolaikinės Lietuvos Scenos Kalbos Interpretacija

Author(s): Rimantė Stankevičiūtė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 75/2013

The Lithuanian theatre stage is under constant development and various contemporary theatre models are emerging. This work uses the concept of metatheatre in order to evaluate the transformations of the contemporary stage. This concept enables one to analyze the data ‘behind’ the theatre stage and the information conveyed to the spectator. In order to complete the analysis, the metatheatre elements are divided into the verbal and visual ones. This division reveals that the self-reference on stage is a means for the deconstruction of the dramatic reality as a voluntary deformation of the dramatic performance. In addition, the intertextuality helps to connect the performance to various drama contexts. A ritual or another play interrupting a theater performance not only destroys the wholeness and consistency, but can be considered as one of the modes affecting conciseness and distorting reality. The same effect is reached by using video projections presented on stage as independent modes of dramatic language. Therefore, all four metatheatre elements help to realize and analyze the peculiarities of the theatricality itself.

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Šunskų Parapijos Kanoninės Vizitacijos 1911–1941 Metais

Author(s): Kęstutis Žemaitis / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 72/2012

Šunskai parish archives were taken away by the Soviet government and only incidental bishops’ visit reports survived in the parish archives. However, the 1914s inventory survived in Poland the Lomza diocese archives stored along former Seinai diocesan documents, dating back to the Bishop Antanas Karosas exile from Sejny. Not every visitation report fully reflects and discusses parish status. Some reports are missing the Parish inventory. Sometimes instead a visit report there is found only the bishop’s brief statement of the visit to the parish and the giving of the sacrament of confirmation. The Šunskai parish visitations revealed the relatively stable material and spiritual condition of the parish. A regular visit to the parish by the bishop or by his assistant often had a large number receiving the sacrament of Confirmation. Sometimes the bishop’s visitation, if not solemn, was confined only to the granting of this sacrament. It seems that quite a modest visitation took place in 1941, when World War II started. The bishops’ visit report provided us with the parish image as it was.

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Rašto Medijų Sąsaja Su Individualios Savimonės Bei Modernios ,,Įsivaizduojamos” Bendruomenės Fenomenais

Author(s): Dovilė Žaldarytė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 72/2012

This article is analysis of writing as a problem in Media philosophy through the theoretical prism of Marshall McLuhan – one of the famous media theory paradigm creators. M.McLuhan states that in order to understand the effect of media, one has to study its whole cultural environment, not just itself. Accordingly to author’s shown path, the limits of oral culture experience will be outlined first. In that perspective, the deep impact of writing in both social and psychological planes is reflected. M.McLuhan analyzed man‘s sensual experience of a specific alphabetic writing and its extensions in typography (printing technologies, books, newspaper media). McLuhas‘s analysis displayed a very clear connection of these media to strong individualistic values, as well as with the “imagination” way of modern communities.

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Prado Energijos Sampratos Interpretacija Klasikinio Daoizmo Tekstuose „Guanzi“ Ir „Geltonojo Imperatoriaus Vidinis Kanonas“

Author(s): Julius Vaitkevičius / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 71/2012

The main research subject of this article is the interpretation of the primordial energy (qì 氣) concept in two fundamental classical daoist texts of “Guanzi” and “Yellow Emperror’s Inner Canon”, which were written during the early classical period of Chinese philosophical thought. Unlike the texts of “Laozi” and “Zhuangzi”, where the idea of primordial energy has been given as a general outline or a blueprint, the texts of “Guanzi” and “Yellow Emperror’s Inner Canon” elaborate a more detailed version of primordial energy concept. Using the primordial energy ideas expounded in these texts, the author analyzes the expansion of meaning of this concept and its growing importance in the daoist philosophical thought. Through this analysis the author reveals particular features of the primordial energy interpretation in texts of “Guanzi” and “Yellow Emperor’s Inner Canon”.

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Marshallo McLuhano Pratybos

Author(s): Saulius Keturakis / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 70/2012

The aim of the paper is to explore the causes and sources of the „antitheoretical” way of interpreting media by Marshall McLuhan. In many texts of McLuhan it is possible to find his ideas about limitations of theoretical interpretation of reality. From the point of view of McLuhan the roots of some kind of distrust in the theoretical attitude are related to impossibility of a theory to explore all aspects of research object and to fix a meaning with an object in some stable construct. The famous media theorist has tried media interpretation in a more performative way, rather than interpretative which is related with Cambridge ideas of practical criticism and with his PhD research about Thomas Nashe, who has searched for a way how to enrich the written language for more comprehensive representing of reality. Consequently in the texts by McLuhan the leading role belongs to the character of amateur instead of professional, to the way of speaking in aphorisms instead of scientific style and performance has more importance than analysis. All of them could be summarized as some practice, but in a very specific – linguistic – way, which grounds all quests for defining the media by McLuhan.

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Hermeneutinės Mokslo Filosofijos Projektas

Author(s): Evaldas Juozelis / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 70/2012

According to Patrick Heelan, the main purpose of hermeneutical philosophy of science is “to incorporate those aspects of historicality, culture, and tradition that are absent from the traditional analysis of theory and explanation”, and “to re-orient the current discussion about scientific realism around the hermeneutics of meaning and truth in science”. The project refers mostly to Heidegger and initially suggests that re-orientation of the kind of interpretation that is concerned with acceptance and transmission of ontological meaning within the lifeworld is indispensable, since traditional philosophy of science is immersed in the endless debate of realists and antirealists, but is entirely without convincing ontological commitments. The article depicts the attempts to return scientific enterprise its ontological import and fully rational account from the perspective of analyses of Heidegger’s ontology and proposes few accounts, why the development of hermeneutical philosophy has nevertheless not substantially influenced the mainstream philosophy of science.

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Kalba Kaip Raštas Ir Kaip Šneka

Author(s): Žilvinas Vareikis / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 70/2012

The article discusses a nature of the distinction between the writing and the speech. This distinction means that the philosophical priority belongs either to the writing or to the speech. French philosopher Jacques Derrida maintains that the primeval writing is in the language. Contrary to the writing, the speech isn't a primeval part of the philosophical discourse in the philosophy of Derrida. The speech is perceived by the German philosopher Martin Heidegger as a way for the development of the philosophical reflection. This thought has occured to Heidegger from the form of the Socratic conversation. I think that the distinction between the writing and between the speech is conditional. Heidegger‘s thoughts are written in the text. So its aren't a natural speech. Contrary to Heidegger, Derrida absolutes the role of the writing which has lots of components of the speech. In any case is emphasized a particular priority which develops an original philosophical discussion.

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