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Teorija Kaip Praktika: Fenomenologinė M. Merleau-Ponty Juslinio Suvokimo Samprata Ir Hermeneutinė H. G. Gadamerio Supratimo Kaip Gyvenimo Patyrimo Interpretacija

Author(s): Bronė Gudaitytė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 68/2011

The article discusses the problem of self and the perception of reality with an emphasis on Merleau-Ponty‘s phenomenology of sensory perception and Hans-Georg Gadamer’s hermeneutic interpretation of understanding as life experience. Both philosophers follow Husserl‘s idea “to return to the things themselves”. They call it a return to the world prior to knowing, and with regard to this world, any scientific definition is abstract and distant from reality itself. Merleau-Ponty concentrates on the problematicity of coming into a direct contact with the world. His phenomenology of perception is directed towards the primary experience of the other. Proceeding from Dilthey and Heidegger‘s critiques of rational natural science and reflexive natural science cognition, Gadamer described the hermeneutic of perception characteristic of the humanities as a totally different way of human cognition. In the philosophy of the aforementioned philosophers, theory is turned into practice since both perception analysed by Merleau-Ponty and understanding interpreted by Gadamer become a process of life.

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Heideggerio Jaunystės Filosofija: Nuo Amžinybės Garbinimo Iki Laiko Suabsoliutinimo

Author(s): Povilas Aleksandravičius / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 67/2011

The article attempts an analysis of the first texts by Martin Heidegger written in 1909–1919. This analysis identifies a central shift in philosophical thought – from theologically-conceived adoration of eternity to philosophical absolutization of time. These texts mark the essence of the first period of the German philosopher’s thought. They reveal the young Heidegger’s inveteracy in Catholicism, and his apologetic disposition, which saw a crisis in 1911. The author also explores Heidegger’s transition to the Neo-Kantians of Freiburg University, the battle against psychologism fought there, and the Habilitation thesis on Duns Scotus influenced by Rickert and Husserl. That thesis gave birth to the concept of the correlativity between eternity and time, which, itself is based on Hegel’s philosophy and would support the development of Heidegger’s remaining thought. Finally, Heidegger’s concentration on time is analysed in the context of his conversion to Protestantism.

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Postmoderniosios Mokslo Filosofijos Politika: D. Ginevas Prieš J. Rouse’ą

Author(s): Evaldas Juozelis / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 67/2011

Joseph Rouse’s philosophy of scientific practices is a conceptual model of an engagement between scientific practices and their political significance. It implies that a politically-oriented human self-consciousness is detectable even in a specific medium formed by those practices. Rouse refers to this kind of discourse as a scientific self-identity being directed towards practico-theoretical understanding of science, which can also be evaluated as a political undertaking. Dimitri Ginev opposes this kind of “politics of postmodern philosophy of science.” Ginev claims that the destruction of the cognitive autonomy of science poses a threat to the democratization processes of modern societies. However, my article argues that the mechanisms of scientific “democratization” threaten the elements of philosophical discourse and are alien to polylogical philosophical and political public sphere.

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Heideggerio Jaunystės Filosofija: Nuo Amžinybės Garbinimo Iki Laiko Suabsoliutinimo

Author(s): Povilas Aleksandravičius / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 66/2011

The article attempts an analysis of the first texts by Martin Heidegger written in 1909–1919. This analysis identifies a central shift in philosophical thought—from theologically-conceived adoration of eternity to philosophical absolutization of time. These texts mark the essence of the first period of the German philosopher’s thought. They reveal the young Heidegger’s inveteracy in Catholicism, and his apologetic disposition, which saw a crisis in 1911. The author also explores Heidegger’s transition to the Neo-Kantians of Freiburg University, the battle against psychologism fought there, and the Habilitation thesis on Duns Scotus influenced by Rickert and Husserl. That thesis gave birth to the concept of the correlativity between eternity and time, which, itself is based on Hegel’s philosophy and would support the development of Heidegger’s remaining thought. Finally, Heidegger’s concentration on time is analysed in the context of his conversion to Protestantism.

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Integruojamieji Filosofiniai Istoriniai Aiškinimai Lietuvoje

Author(s): Gintaras Kabelka / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 66/2011

The article analyzes integral philosophical historical interpretation, which includes intellectual history, psychological hermeneutics and other methodologies of the historiography of philosophy. The principles of so-called intellectual history was elaborated by Richard Rorty. Philosophical theory has to be interpreted as a part of philosopher’s practical activity. On this principle Vacys Bagdonavičius bases his inquiry of Vydūnas’s life and writings. He treats the philosophical theory as an integral part of the whole of Vydūnas’s life. The psychological hermeneutics is seen in the works by Andrius Konickis, who employs biographical and psychological data about an author for the better understanding and explanation of the meaning of his texts. Konickis aims at the explanation of theory using the data of an author’s life as an auxiliary means. Bronislovas Kuzmickas includes the subject of his inquiry (particular philosophical theories of Christianity) into the large theoretical unity – Christian philosophy. This theoretical unity is the paradigm of philosophizing, the essential characteristics of which give the basis for the different theories, which constitute it.

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Suma Prieš Pagonis Trečioji Knyga. Apvaizda. 38–41 Skyriai

Author(s): Thomas Aquinas / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 66/2011

Summa contra Gentiles. Book III. Providence. Chapters 38–41

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Filosofinė Kalba Kaip Meno Kūrinys

Author(s): Inga Mitkutė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 66/2011

This article deals with a possibility to express experience through language in a philosophical talk. Effect of a philosophical talk is revealed through the analogy of an impact of artwork. Aspects of an artistic experience are given as a basis for application of the same mechanism when thinking about a philosophical talk. Dimentions of a „weighty“ talk as opposed to an empty one are described and analysed. A talk as creation is opposed to a mere comment referring to George Steiner; memorization of a text or a talk is put as a condition for true interpretation and hence a „weighty“ talk. However, character of memorizing is questioned in analysis of G. Steiner’s suggested vigilant memory and patterns of memorization in oral culture, discussed by Walter Ong and Albert Lord. It is suggested that unconscious aspect of our memory could be effectively used in stimulating a vivid interaction between words and experience, thus helping to reveal their meaning. Another aspect important for the topic is dimention of narrative and dialogue. Talking as narration is considered not as a direct transfer of experience, but as a seed for it. Talking as dialogue is related to creating experience in the moment of talking, also having a great effect on perception of the issue and is further related to the question of ethics. On the whole, the topic of this work could be described with a question: „how is it possible to say more than words?“.

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Suma Prieš Pagonis Trečioji Knyga. 26–37 Skyriai

Author(s): Thomas Aquinas / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 65/2010

Summa contra Gentiles. Book III. Chapter 26–37

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Bibliniai Įvaizdžiai Šiuolaikiniame Lietuvos Teatre: Imitacija, Transformacija, Deformacija

Author(s): Asta Valiukaitė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 65/2010

The Bible has always had a great influence on the art of Western civilization. Biblical images and motifs are often used in literary works and theatrical events. This article covers three possible exemplars of the relation between Biblical images and text of the performance which function in the contemporary Lithuanian theatre (1990–2009). These exemplars are: imitation, transformation, and deformation. The imitational relation is revealed in the staging of E. Nekrošius ,,Canto of Cantos“; the transformational relation is clear in the play „Lord, smile on us“ of R. Tuminas; and the play „P.S. Case O.K.“ of O. K oršunovas represents the deformational relation. The ideal biblical images are the most common in these performances. When being imitated, they correspond with the message of the Revelation. When one transforms them, their dramatic side is accentuated. In the case of deformation, they are taken out of the context of Revelation and become just a means of expression of the main ideas of the performance.

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Filosofinė Kalba Kaip Meno Kūrinys

Author(s): Inga Mitkutė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 65/2010

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Suma Prieš Pagonis Trečioji Knyga. 22–25 Skyriai

Author(s): Thomas Aquinas / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 64/2010

Summa contra Gentiles. Book III. Chapter 22–25

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Konstitucijos Interpretavimo Kokybės: Common Sense Ir Mokslinė Doktrina

Author(s): Gediminas Mesonis / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 63/2010

The results of the interpretation of the Constitution depend on a number of factors. First and foremost, they depend on the legal consciousness and philosophical worldview of the interpreter as well as its knowledge of the relevant historical background. The final outcomes of the interpretation depend on the qualification or skills of the interpreter and its ability to see the big picture. While interpreting the Constitution, the interpreter exerts full discretion which also provides the right to freely choose the methods of interpretation and independently decide what interpretation i.e. application of particular methods, will be considered official. Official doctrine and scholarly doctrine are only a small part of the possible interpretations that circulate in a democracy. Another type of interpretation, albeit having a number of limitations but still dominant in the minds of the public at large, is permeated by common sense logic. Although these interpretations have a certain logical consistency, the problems are analyzed superficially and without drawing upon systemic cognitive analysis. Therefore common sense interpretations may be popular with the public at large, but they are easily defeated conceptually by employing methods and arguments of scholarly and official doctrine. It should be noted, however, that common sense interpretations are valuable as an expression of freedom of speech and self-expression. The society uses common sense interpretations to expresses its expectations, therefore scholars and the official interpreter should be aware of and consider them. Official, scholarly and common sense interpretations of the Constitution are the outcome of society’s intellectual capacities, thus they exist naturally in a society. The interpretation of the Constitution is a permanent process of the exchange of opinions existing in society on the genuine meaning of the Constitution. It begins from the superficiality of common sense interpretations, moving to scholarly arguments (i.e. a systematic understanding of the problem) and then finally from scholarly interpretation to the official constitutional doctrine, which is then subjected to the interpretations at the common sense level, with this process repeating itself in a cyclical manner.

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Suma Prieš Pagonis Trečioji Knyga. 16–21 Skyriai

Author(s): Thomas Aquinas / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 63/2010

Summa contra Gentiles. Book III. Chapter 16–21

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Інтердисциплінарні аспекти дослідження камерно-інструментального мистецтва в контексті куль-турологічної доктрини сучасного музикознавства

Author(s): Anastasia Igorivna Kravchenko / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2017

The purpose. The article is devoted to the theoretical crystallization of methodology and the discovery of the semiological significance of culturological art criticism in the complex study of the chamber art of Ukraine. Methodology. Methods of historiographic, chronological analysis and interdisciplinary approach have been applied. Scientific novelty consists in the categorical crystallization of the methodological foundations of culturological art criticism and the definition of perspective tasks of understanding the chamber art of Ukraine in the discourse of the semiotic paradigm of culture of late 20th and early 21st centuries. Conclusions. The analysis of the special literature reveals the importance of comprehension the chamber art in an integrated way based on the strategy of culturological art criticism, which includes the integration of historical-style musicological analysis and systemic-semiotic, hermeneutic methodological approaches of a wide range, namely, the application of research instruments of the philosophy of music, musical textology, semiotics, aesthetics, intermedial theory and cultural hermeneutics. Taken together, this lays the foundation for a new cultural doctrine of contemporary musicology that leads to a comprehension of the historical, cultural, semiotic and intermedial problems of chamber art in the context of the universalistic aspects of postmodern culture. From this perspective, the need for aesthetic, philosophical and cultural studies of the chamber art of Ukraine in terms of solving the following urgent problems: the definition of the characteristics of the sign-intonation traditions of the chamber ensemble and the disclosure of their semiotic significance in the development of the musical culture of Ukraine in the postmodern era; the study of the intertextual and intermedial aspects of logic and the semiology of the creative process; the formation of the aesthetic-hermeneutic concept of modern chamber performance in the semiotic context of a new system of artistic communication based on interactivity and intermediality.

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Феноменологічний аналіз у культурологі

Author(s): Gerchanivska Polina / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 8/2017

The purpose of the work is to reveal the methodological potential of the phenomenological analysis of cultural phenomena to intensify the search of modern technologies of cultural studies. Methodology. The conceptual methodological core of the research is the comparative analysis of the theoretical and methodological instruments of the phenomenological analysis that allows us to determine the general and special characteristics of its modifications as well as to identify the features of their use in cultural studies. Scientific Novelty. The scientific novelty of work consists in comprehending of the phenomenological analysis from the perspective of cultural problems. The work deals with the prospects of the use of theoretical and methodological apparatus of descriptive and transcendental phenomenology of Husserl, of socio-phenomenological analysis of A. Schutz, of Merleau-Ponty's phenomenology and of Heidegger’s hermeneutic phenomenology for the study of social and cultural facilities. Conclusions. The analysis shows the wide range of theoretical and methodological concepts of phenomenology and their potential for Cultural studies.

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Apie Stebėjimus

Author(s): Edmundas Adomonis / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 61/2009

The paper examines several inaccuracies in the evaluation of the status of ordinary observations in science. The analysis is centered on the examples from writings of Alan Chalmers and Ian Hacking. Concerning Hacking’s „commonplace facts“ about observation, it is noted that an important platitude is under-emphasized: no experiment, no use of instrument is possible without ordinary observation. It is also argued that the Galileo-example presented by Alan Chalmers does not substantiate his claim that an essential change in the standards of science was brought about at that time; that the replacement of inconsistent naked eye observations does not lead to the general distrust of the senses; that an important part of Galileo’s arguments was based on independent ordinary observations. The corrections of ordinary observations and the use of instruments supporting the senses had been known for ages.

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Gyvenimas Ir Pažinimas W. Dilthey ’Aus Ir F. Nietzsche’ės Filosofijoje

Author(s): Vaida Asakavičiūtė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 61/2009

The article deals with the relationship between the philosophy of life of Wilhelm Dilthey and Friedrich Nietzsche. It investigates the gnoseological problematics of these authors as it is closely related to ontological problematics. The author analyzes and interprets the concepts of life of Dilthey and Nietzsche and their influence on the cognitive theory.

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Teologija Kaip Scientia Practica: Hermeneutika Ir Etika

Author(s): Mindaugas Briedis / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 60/2009

Big ideological shifts and innovations have always accompanied Western culture. One of the most important shifts was the formation and spread of Christianity, its interpretation of reality and ethics. It is impossible to overview all the different methodological approaches to Christianity, but it is still necessary to ask what validates the possibility of the Christian faith today and what practical outcomes can we expect in the future, for even the most fundamental institutions cannot live in the past. Therefore, this article aims to reflect upon the nature of theology and its status as Sciencia Practica rooted in two fundamental functions of theology: hermeneutical and ethical. Besides the cognitive and apologetic functions, theology first of all is an interpretation of reality that presupposes participation. Theoreticians as Plato, Thomas Aquinas, Martin Heidegger and many others were interested in the dialectics of understanding and participation. This feature of theology distinguishes it from natural approach of the natural sciences and supernatural doctrines. The first part of the article is dedicated to the hermeneutical function of theology, while Christian ethics is explored in the second. This survey uncovers the hermeneutic circle between the Church as the community of believers and the theological self-interpretation which ends up with ethical imperatives, best seen through the notion of conscience. For the deeper understanding of Christian notion of conscience I make a comparison to the perspective to the secular authority, Martin Heidegger.

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Motiejaus Gustaičio Kûrybinis Palikimas

Author(s): Algimantas Liekis / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 59/2009

Priest, poet and pedagogue Motiejus Gustaitis (1870.02.27. - 1927.12.24.) is among most prominent persons who revived Lithuanian national self-consciousness at the beginning of the 20th century. He graduated from the gymnasium in Marijampolë and Seinai Priest Seminary. M. Gustaitis was one of the best educated priests and intellectuals in Lithuania. After graduating from the seminary, he studied literature and philosophy in Freeburg (Switzerland), music in Rogensburg, Canon Law in Jesuit St. Apolinar University in Rome. After returning to Freeburg in 1903, he defended his doctoral dissertation on the topic of A. Mickevièius’s (A. Mickiewicz) poetry. Having come back to Lithuania, he worked as a chaplain in Marijampolë, Seinai, and its Lazdijai gymnasia, as a teacher and director. During World War I, he was concerned with the teaching of children of Lithuanian deportees in Russia. Throughout this time, he also wrote copiously to reestablish independent Lithuania and published his poetry. The attempt to publish in 1940 a collection of his poetry was not successful. The Soviets broke into the Sakalas Printing House in Kaunas and burnt the collection of poems, which was almost ready for print. Only one or two copies were saved by a worker who passed the copies to M. Gustaitis’ grandson, Algirdas Gustaitis, who in turn rescued a copy during the years of deportation and gave it to the present author in Los Angeles, USA. The present author published that collection as a separate book “ Motiejus Gustaitis - Priest, Poet, Teacher” (V. 2008. 406 p.), now available for the broad circle of readers. The article not only elucidates succinctly the history of that book, but also presents the life of M. Gustaitis and gives an evaluation of the importance of his creative heritage for the present-day life.

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Mistinés Patirties Tyrinéjimo Galimybés

Author(s): Agnė Budriūnaitė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 58/2009

This paper is dedicated to the main tendencies of the contemporary mysticism studies. The aim of the article is to explore the possibilities of the investigation of the mystical experience. There are different conceptions of the mystical experience proposed by contemporary scientists and cherished by mystics. I draw the clear distinction between the mystical experience as a process of whole life and the mystical experience as a transient trance. Even the latter conception preferred by most of the scientists seems to have too many variations. I discuss some most important researches in the brain studies and examine the investigations of the trance caused by the chemical and organic substances. The question of an authenticity of the mystical experience is crucial here. The texts of the medieval Christian mystics such as Teresa of Avila, Jan van Ruusbroec and the author of the Cloud of Unknowing help to find the base for the identification of the authenticity and to research the influence of the tradition on the mystical experience.

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