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Support of tourism is important for the development of each region. That’s why it has become the object of strategic planning of the regional authorities. It is very important to ensure strong mutual link between conclusions of the Analytical Part and suggested development arrangements during the process of creation of the programme documents.
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This paper presents a theoretical-methodological incursion of the effects of tourism on the development of the Republic of Moldova. The tourism sector is a dynamic one and has an important share in the GDP of several countries such as: Greece, Italy, Spain, etc. The Republic of Moldova being a small country, has a valuable tourist potential that deserves to be capitalized by tourists. Thus, through this study, we tried to make an analysis of the impact of the tourism sector on Moldova. The research methodology focused on the use of several methods such as: analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, graphical, comparative method, qualitative research. In conclusion, we can reiterate that the impact of tourism on the economy of the Republic of Moldova is low, but the fact that in 2020-2021 the tourism sector was drastically hit by the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic that disturbed this sector, reducing its effects and magnitude to.
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The relationship between tourism and economic growth has become an important topic of many empirical studies, and various models of analysis can help us understand the contribution of tourism to economic growth, due to the methodological approaches used by researchers. This article analyzed the causal relationship between the economic cycles of the tourism industry and those of regional economic growth between 2004-2016 using the Granger causality test and validated all the causal hypotheses between tourism and economic growth for 21 countries and 158 of regions in the European Union.
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In this study, the authors planned on doing a theoretical journey in the field of tourism. In this respect, the main theoretical approaches will be presented regarding the concept of tourism, its components - the tourist demand, the tourist offer, respectively their characteristics and the factors of influence. Last but not least, the forms of tourist activities will be addressed.The work ends with the presentation of the main trends of the tourist market in our country, by emphasizing the role of urban tourism and the preferences of consumers of tourist serivices.Tourism is in a continuous evolution, and the preferences of the consumers in the matter of vacations change from year to year. Therefore, nowadays the tourists are much more informed about the holiday, they know very well what exactly they want and under what conditions. They have begun to analyze more companies from which they want to buy vacations, are increasingly turning to trusted brands, even if they will pay a higher price for the same services of the tourist package. They prefer trusted agencies, and this does not appeal to small and lesser known agencies.
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This paper provides insight into current trends of the European Accommodation Industry development through gaining an understanding of processes in the previous period. Based on the result of data analysis of Eurostat online database, it is found out that the accommodation demand in the European Union was unstable during the last decade. The study result shows a trend of the European Accommodation Industry to decrease in the percentage change of nights spent at accommodation establishments by international visitors which has arisen before the impact of COVID-19. Domestic tourism has grown more steadily in the past few years, but it compensates for the current decrease in the international demand only partially. This study confirms that the change in the capacity of the European Accommodation Industry reflects the change in the accommodation demand. This paper results can be used to understand an establishment’s position, identify the threats and opportunities in time of crisis, and to focus its resources on developing unique capabilities that could lead not only to restart activity but to competitive advantage and profitability. To facilitate its realisation by managers, the Process Landscape Model of the core processes and sub-processes of the European Accommodation Industry development has been elaborated.
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Rural tourism means the overall tourism economy in rural areas. It covers a number of forms of recreation in rural areas, such as: farm tourism, green tourism, ecological and agricultural tourism. The article analyzes material from own research conducted in 2005, 2011 and for the last time in 2020 in purposefully selected villages in Poland. The conducted researches allowed to make, for example, a profile (types) of the tourists in the rural areas.
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Both in Europe and worldwide, the tourism industry has been hardly hit by the more than two-year COVID-19 pandemic. Restrictions on free movement, which are at the heart of tourism, have led to an unprecedented collapse in reservations, travellers, revenues and the entire economy. According to various estimates, the collapse is between 70 and 90% worldwide during the pandemic, tens of thousands of museums and other public spaces have been closed, and the World Tourism Organization predicts that between 10 and 20% of them will never reopen. During the pandemic, various measures have been taken at EU level to complement and coordinate national measures for tackling this disease, but also to push forward the fast recovery of the economy and tourism, in particular. Resolutions and recommendations were adopted at the level of individual institutions, many rules for redirecting financial flows to small and medium-sized businesses and all affected companies were changed. Undoubtedly, the largest financial and political instrument that the EU has created is the Recovery Plan with a total value of 750 billion euros. In the field of tourism in particular, a number of regulations related to the protection of passengers' rights have been changed, as well as a number of reliefs for airlines, sea, bus and rail carriers. Beyond any doubt, the pandemic has been one of the strongest challenge of solidarity and the EU's ability to react quickly since decades. Has the EU succeeded in implementing timely measures at European level and to what extent will they help to rebuild the tourism industry? We can answer part of this question right now, the rest we have yet to see.
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The economic crisis in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic showed that many integrating countries experienced a number of economic disturbances. The implementation of strategic actions taken in the aspect of integration and development of the European Union has become highly endangered. One of the new strategic activities in the last financial perspective in 2014-2020 was the reform of the EU cohesion policy, the main pillar of which is the development of S3 smart specializations. The fundamental aspect of the adopted strategy has become the necessity to seek economic specialization of regions, thus increasing the chance of increasing competitiveness and deepening regional innovations in the international arena. A particularly important aspect in the context of the implementation of smart specialization strategies is stimulating regions with coherent economic growth potential, e.g. development of the tourism sector in accordance with the principles of sustainable development. At the same time, the tourism sector has become one of the sectors of the economy that suffered significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic. This was particularly felt in countries with a high share of income from the tourism sector in GDP. Such countries are the coastal countries of the Western Balkans involved in the implementation of the European Union's S3 smart specialization strategy in the tourism area. Montenegro is a country that stands out in this respect, which has been consistently implementing the process of accession to the European Union in recent years. The purpose of the following chapter is to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the tourist sector of the Western Balkan countries on the example of Montenegro and the resulting recommendations for the development of innovation in accordance with the principles of sustainable tourism development in the context of the European Union's S3 smart specialization strategy.
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This paper reflects the progress made by Romania and the Republic of Moldavia in environmental management and ecotourism, highlighting the regulatory framework, the implementation of green economy practices, environmental monitoring, public participation, education for sustainable development, and other relevant issues related to the protection of atmospheric air, biodiversity and protected natural areas, water resources management, waste, and chemicals management.
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Trends in the modern world tourist market are continuously changing, and the competitive game is getting tougher by the day. Tourist demand is becoming more demanding, and is looking for new experiences, quality vacations with the aim or relaxing and rejuvenating the mind and body overstrained by stresses of modern-day busy life. Health tourism has an important role in improving and preserving health. Recent researches have shown that the demand for this type of offer is growing by the day. The Republics of Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina have all the preconditions for the development of a top quality offer of this form of tourism, which would attract a great number of visitors, resulting in numerous advantages for both countries (awareness of the population about the benefits of health tourism, getting foreign currency revenue, increasing the number of work places, high positioning of both countries on the tourist market). Both countries possess all the necessary natural resources key for creating top quality tourist offer in the area of health tourism. However, these resources are as yet inadequately exploited. Local population hasn’t shown a big interest for this type of services until recently, which resulted in poor research and development of this form of tourism. European Union has placed a big challenge in front of the Republic of Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina regarding the development of tourist offer. In order to create the identity of a world famous tourist destination, and become a payer in European and world tourism flows, Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina must develop adequate guidelines of development in order to upgrade current obsolete tourist offer, and through adjustment of the offer to world and European quality standards achieve competitive advantages on the international tourist market.
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Tourism represents a mass movement of people which makes strong impact on many destinations, traditional or emerging ones. Traditional destinations are influenced in a different way than emerging ones, when introducing new types of tourism. They need to change the structure and content of the offer, use additional point of access to markets, and basically influence the very nature of its tourism. Emerging destinations are in position to review the best practices and adopt the most appropriate strategies for tourism development, having regard to sustainable types of tourism, such as rural tourism. Contemporary trends on today’s tourist market are characterised by daily drastic shifts in tourist offer development. Modern tourists are inclined towards traditional vacationing in seaside destinations. However, there is greater demand for quality and specific rural tourism services. Specific rural tourism offer bases its specific quality on rich tradition of the country, rich gastronomic-enological offer specific for the country, acquiring new knowledge through learning about old customs, traditions, specific qualities of the country and the region visited, etc. The focus of this paper is to asses the need for expansion of rural tourism in Republic of Croatia, as traditional (mainly „sun and sea“) destination and Bosnia and Herzegovina, as emerging tourism destination. Review of the best practices in EU member states and assessing the structure of the tourism in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina will result in recommendations and practical guidance for quality improvement, ways to use the EU financial instruments (funds and framework programmes) for (rural) tourism development.
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The article examines systems which are used to reallocate finances from Structural funds to support development of tourism. Structure and management of operational programs, from which tourism is supported, is still subject of debate. The introduction compares basic features of chosen operational programs. Futhermore, it is analyzed which kind of tourism projects have been supported from these operational programs. Subsequently there are identified the main problems which are connected with current implementary structure. Final part consists of possible suggestions how to solve such difficulties.
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The National Heritage Institute (NHI) is a professional and research organization of State monument care with nationwide powers. It also manages the group of 104 cultural sites with the high potential for tourism. At the beginning of 2013, the reorganization was completed and it was achieved the clear separation function of professional organization State monument care and research activities from the state administration, reconstruction, accessibility and presentation of administered cultural heritage. The historical monuments have the chance to be involved in the development of tourism products and should not be considered in isolation. The article presents the results of a survey of selected monuments in the administration of NHI, which indicate the need to develop the activities aimed at greater connection with the expansion and promotion of tourism and subsequently to the formation of cultural tourism products. In conclusion, there is the proposed model cooperation of NationalHeritage Institute with NTO CzechTourism for strengthen the socio-economic benefits file of National monuments in terms of tourism and for expressive participation NHI to the marketing activities tourism at national and regional level.
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The paper discusses the issue of environmental impacts and benefits of tourism in terms both of individual and social interests and the perception of these aspects in the context of economic and social impacts and benefits. Based on its own research, conducted in 2015 in rural areas outside the specially protected areas, paper points on significant differences in the perception of the importance of the economic, social and environmental benefits by local entrepreneurs in tourism. The naturally based conditions of tourism dominated in the analyzed regions; they are thus the main condition for the (sustainable) development of tourism. It is also necessary to adequately promote, maintain and protect these environmentally based conditions. However, the interest in monitoring of environmental impacts and benefits is minimal, often coupled with a low awareness of stakeholders. The paper discusses about the need to transfer the hitherto prevailed social perception of the tourism benefits and impacts into individual decisions of individual businessmen and landowners, including those involved in tourism development indirectly. All of this on examples of environmental impacts and benefits perception.
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Institute spa, gastronomy and tourism Silesian University implemented an extensive research project “Gastroturismus and public gastronomy”. The results are being published in professional journals. In this paper, we introduce only partial results opinions of entrepreneurs in gastronomy from several districts of the Czech Republic, with a predominance of Moravian districts. With interview were addressed 80 managers and owners of catering facilities, while 45 % were separate restaurants, 20 % of cafes, 15 % of the hotel's restaurant, 10 % of the wine bar and wine shop, and 10 % of pizzerias.
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Second homes, both in traditional form – chalets and cottages, and in relatively new form – vacation apartment homes, holiday villages, is an important part of domestic tourism. It meets the demand especially of domestic clients in the short term, but also long-term tourism. Second home represents a specific type of accommodation, which have significant seasonal usage and their spatial distribution is significantly differentiated not only on the basis of their form. This is related to their position, as competition for commercial accommodationfacilities. The paper presents the reflection on the current situation in Czechia and offers possible alternatives for further development.
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Customer segment of seniors is nowadays often discussed and researched topic. The same counts for tourism. According to the Czech Statistical Office and other institutions dealing with demographical development of the society it is clear that segment of seniors is going to be one of the strongest on the tourism market. This paper tries to find out, how senior tourists organize their travel. The article presents partial outputs of a questionnaire survey (n=615) which was conducted between January and March 2015 among participant of universities of the third age in the Czech Republic. The outcomes show possibilities for destination management organizations when addressing this target group.
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Countries with developed tourism (Switzerland, Austria, Germany) have legally regulated systems of tourism management, usually at the regional level (cantons, states). This institutional arrangement for the management of tourism contributes to tourism becoming an increasingly important factor for regional and local development. The tourism development has contributed to the development of three Austrian municipalities, Serfaus, Fiss and Ladis. In 1960 it was registered in these municipalities 1,289 beds in accommodation establishments, and in 2015 it is 14,505 beds. Tourism destination focuses on German families with children. The rapid development contributed to the construction of cableways, which are majorityowned by municipalities. Destination marketing activities are primarily financed by the selection of local fee for spa stay and focus on promoting two-seasonal destination.
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The paper deals with funding of tourism from the state budget within the National programme of tourism support for 2010-2013. The first this year's invitation for sub-programme called Travelling accessible everyone has been announced within this programme. The paper describes types of projects submitted in response to this invitation, specifies their topics and evaluates their quality.
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The author thinks of the meaning of the word of tourism destination that the non-professional and professional public usually uses, but its meaningful contents is often different. He presents results of his own research intent on the groups with various opinions in his contribution. He emphasizes geographical aspects of the solved problem and necessity of the consistent interpretation in educational system in his conclusions.
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