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Theoretical Perspectives and Methodological Approaches in Political Socialization Research

Author(s): Aleš Kudrnáč / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2015

This article contributes to the discussion about political socialization concept and research. The paper makes a critical insight in research history and development in the area of political socialization with the conclusions that there is no universal definition of political socialization and the field is still burdened by many theoretical and empirical controversies which could be resolved by examining causal mechanisms operating in the process of political socialization. The literature review describes the development of research in this field and shows that there is persistent need for retesting basic hypotheses. Showing the advantages and disadvantages of panel data design the paper demonstrates why it is most suitable type of data for testing majority of the hypotheses of political socialization.

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Fortélyos félelmek

Author(s): Róbert Tardos / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2/2016

The recent years have witnessed a rapid surge in the problem of migration on the public agenda in Hungary and on a larger international plane as well. Research is prompted to go into deeper layers of attitudes and rethink their rearrangements in various respects. The paper is based on a survey from the Spring of 2014 by the MTA – ELTE Peripato Research Group containing a module on immigration and attitudes, as well as stereotypes toward foreigners. Though the field work took place prior to the larger waves of refugee crisis, the module and a further array of questionnaire blocks on various public issues enables a comprehensive look into the respective patterns of thinking. The findings confirm the assumption of separate syndromes of outgroup- and ingroup foci; a dual scheme not quite ubiquitous in the literature given the general conception of the (negative/positive) reciprocity of outgroup- and ingroup ties. A fourfold typology is furthermore added to these two dimensions resulting in two congruent types in terms of inclusion/exclusion on the ideological poles and two, more sizable ones incoherent in the sense of a theoretical constraint, following other types of everyday logics on their own (related to general confidence or ressentiment). Analyses display partially different sets of sociodemographic and cultural-ideological backgrounds regarding the ingroup and outgroup axes of attitudes and the ideologically coherent and incongruous sub-populations, with regional-contextual characteristics, levels and dynamics of economic resources and ideological-political axes figuring among key influences. A two-mode network approach based on a semantic web with nodes of intergroup attitudes on the one hand, and poles of three (left/right, liberal/conservative, moderate/radical) ideological dimensions on the other, adds to the picture with special regard to the place of migration attitudes in the landscape of public thought.

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Alternatív életstratégiák értékvonatkozásai és azok integratív szerepe

Author(s): Ágnes Kapitány,Gábor Kapitány / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2016

During the research, 241 interviews were made between 2007 and 2011. The interviewees were members of different social, gender, and age groups, with different world-views, social status and political attitudes. Their common denominator was the representation of any alternative life strategies compared to the profit- and success-oriented mainstraim. The hypothesis of the authors was that these ˮalternative” people have further common attributes, which play an important role in the social integration process, too. The article summarizes the typical (integrative) values of these alternative life strategies.

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A nemi szerepekkel kapcsolatos attitűdök a 2000-es években Magyarországon

Author(s): Anikó Gregor / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2016

PhD theses of Anikó Gregor on attitudes concerning gender roles in Hungary in the 2000s

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Transitions Online_Around the Bloc-Speculations Surround Bolshoi Postponement of Nureyev Ballet

Author(s): TOL TOL / Language(s): English Issue: 07/18/2017

Last minute rescheduling of premiere could be connected to its controversial hero, a gay Russian dancer who defected to the West during the Cold War.

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Transitions Online_Around the Bloc-Movie Cancellations at Armenian Film Festival Spark Controversy Over Gay Rights

Author(s): TOL TOL / Language(s): English Issue: 07/18/2017

Golden Apricot drew criticism after cancelling entire slate of films that included two films on LGBT themes.

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Transitions Online_Around the Bloc-Uzbekistan Launches Latest Drive Against Polygamy

Author(s): TOL TOL / Language(s): English Issue: 07/18/2017

Economic and religious motivations alike are behind the rise in multiple marriages, observers say.

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Институционални оквири политичке доминације

Author(s): Radoslav Gaćinović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2017

Society, especially the contemporary society, is characterized by an endless number of institutions. They are defined as relatively permanent and formal rules which regulate the relations among the people, established in certain relationships, activities, or organizations. Omnipresence and role of institutions has guided many authors to explain the character of phenomena such as state or economics as emanations of certain institutions. Unsurprisingly, theory of institutionalism does not define a state as an organism or organization of ruling classes, nor as a legal entity. It defines a state as an institution, which implies not just the idea of common functions, but also the organization and power which makes that functions possible. In that sense, goals of indoctrination can be conscious and unconscious. Its primary objective is establishment of experience of permanent rule of minority over majority. In its essence, the indoctrination is based on the creation of religious, obedient, and confused individual. In other words, it creates a believer, an opportunist, a partial being, a supporter of hierarchy and establishment, a venerator of authorities and expertise, a suggestible person who is always prone to be subjected to threats, taboos and prejudices. By large part, methods of indoctrination are contained in the generally accepted customs and formal rules transferring among civilizations and societies, thus creating something holy and untouchable. The other part of the process is imposed by the ruling minority in the form of convenient dogmas and positive legal regulations. When analyzing these phenomena, we must remember the class struggles and pervading totalitarian spirit. To be more exact, methods of this process are forever identical and are founded on authority, force, extortion, fraud and formal-logical means of thinking. Organized indoctrination conducted outside of an educational system has different forms. For simplicity, it can be divided into two categories: public and concealed indoctrination.

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Društvena uloga znanstvenika danas

Author(s): Krešimir Peračković / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 03/143/2016

This paper critically examines some aspects of the role of scientists in modern society, starting from the different expectations from scientists under various outside pressures: scientometry, social responsibility and humanistic tasks. In considering the social framework and norms that guide the actions of scientists, firstly we will summarize possible approaches to the roles of scientists as homo economicus and homo sociologicus, which could be used as ideal-type templates for the development of the model that analyses both the role of scientists in features of utility, profit and rationality at the individual, organizational and socio-political level. After that we will show an integrative model of homo academicus universalis, which integrates and reconciles some characteristics of the previous two models, and brings some old humanistic ideals of a scientist as a universal human being. At the end, we briefly analyse the social context: the market society in which the prevailing tendency is that science is becoming fully commodified as well.

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Media and Social Solidarity: Assessing Dayan and Katz's ‘Media Events’

Author(s): Zlatan Krajina / Language(s): English Issue: 05/2012

While a convincing set of arguments exist in favor of the integrative role of media in contemporary societies, there remains suspicion based on the relative nature of what counts as ‘common values’ for whom. In this paper I delineate some of the key problems related to matters of mediated social solidarity, as instigated by Dayan and Katz’s famous neo-Durkheimian perspective of ‘media events,’ the exceptional gatherings produced by live media coverage of events like ‘contests, conquests and coronations’, which, arguably, interrupt routine and affirm social cohesion. I review some of the relevant literature in the field, with a brief case study of the homecoming of Croatian Winter Olympic 2002 winner Janica Kostelić. I show that, in the context of the proliferation of new media and global broadcasting, media events should be understood more modestly as momentary encounters with media’s representation of cohesion, while actual solidarity remains contingent upon the inter-discursive interaction with an event’s program.

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Miejsce zachowań prospołecznych w profilaktyce pedagogicznej

Author(s): Sławomir Kania / Language(s): Polish Issue: 7/2017

Celem artykułu jest wskazanie istoty zachowań prospołecznych dla zdrowia młodzieży oraz miejsca zachowań prospołecznych we współcześnie pojmowanej profilaktyce zachowań ryzykownych.

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Kapitał moralny w polu gry: konwersja i akumulacja

Author(s): Roland Zarzycki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6/2015

The paper recognizes mechanisms of capital conversion among given social games, which allows in turn to explain the process of commodification of morality. Conclusions depicting the structure of relations between the financial and moral capitals are used to analyze two practical examples: the concepts of MDGs and CSR. The paper proposes a useful way of addressing phenomena on the borderline of economics and ethics, which allows to formulate further research problems.

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Becoming an inpatient: a symbolic-interactionist study in a polish hospital

Author(s): Bożena Kędzior / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2015

This paper presents the results of a study that aimed to reconstruct the identity changes in the process of becoming an inpatient in a hospital. The notion of identity moves the focus of the study within a hospital away from the functionalist perspective and allows to center on the biographical disruption at the onset of chronic illness. Intersected with the concept of becoming a hospital inmate it illustrates a primary interactionist concern of structure-interaction reciprocity. In first step author presents the classical writings on hospitals and then attempts to reconstruct the illness narratives by employing the theoretical framework of interpretative sociology and the Łódź School of Qualitative Sociology.

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Experts’ Opinion on the Validation of Socio-Environmental Design Factors (SEDeF) Model as a Residential Neighbourhood Crime Prevention Technique in Nigeria

Author(s): Sunday Olajide,Mohd Lizam / Language(s): English Issue: 08/2017

This article centres on validating a proposed model, socio-environmental design factors (SEDeF) meant to complement the penal system in the area of combating residential neighbourhood crime within the Nigerian residential estates. The research sought experts’ opinion on the desirability and sustainability of the model. Purposive and snow-ball sampling methods were adopted to administer 100 sets of questionnaire out of which 62 were considered usable for the analysis after data screening. SPSS and SEM-AMOS were the key analytical tools adopted to conduct the reliability test, normality test, cumulative mean, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and the measurement model. The results of the analysis showed that, from the perspectives of the experts, the model is desirable and sustainable for the purpose for which it is proposed (Neighbourhood crime control). The model, if tenaciously implemented is capable of boosting housing values/investment, improve national economy and ensure civic and serene residential neighbourhood.

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Şeza Bargus’un “Oyun” Adlı Küçürek Öyküsüne Psikanalitik Yaklaşım

Author(s): Okan Özkara / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 28/2015

In this study, the short-short story titled “the Game” by Şeza Bargus, is analyzed through a psychoanalytic approach. “The Game” is based on identity crisis and role confusion stemming from the oppression of the individual by social norms. In the face of the concept of roles in modern world, the clash between the individual, who wishes to experience the world according to his/her individualistic differences / wishes, and society / producers is depicted. This case is handled with the help of psychology and philosophy fields, which are the constituents of the psychoanalytic approach used in the analysis of the story.

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Самоубиства у Јапану

Author(s): Svetlana Lazić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 157-158/2016

This paper presents cultural and historical circumstances, different causes and methods of suicide in modern Japan. In this country, belonging to a group has always been an imperative, a national cultural characteristic that have been passed down through upbringing over the centuries, and it is still powerful today, despite modernization and individualization. A strong affiliation to a group protects individuals against the risk of suicide if a problem occurs in the group: weakening or termination of a relationship, when an individual is left alone, exposed to problems he/she can not cope with outside the group. Samurai, warriors from feudal times, considered suicide a reasonable and honorable act, and because of that in Japan today there is a tolerant view of suicide and relatively high suicide rate. In the past, the loss of honor was the main reason for suicide for samurai, which was typical of old Japan. Today, the reasons for suicide, due to globalization, are similar worldwide – existential despair, loss of reason for living, profound loneliness, lack of connection with others, etc. The rate of suicide performed by teenagers in Japan, as well as by corporate employees, is alarming, and this issue will be addressed in this paper.

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Doba transformacije i redefiniranja procesa i funkcija u savremenoj porodici – univerzalnost i/ili transformacija

Author(s): Abdel Alibegović,Midhat Čaušević,Naida Ljuma / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 3/2017

In this paper, we try to analyze, in a theoretical aspect, the consequences of hypermodern time that implicitly transform the very nature of family relationships in terms of their content and functions in a contemporary family. The emphasis is placed on the processes of transformation and the process of redefining family processes and functions in a contemporary family. Based on the thought and traditional background of Manuel Castells, Elizabeth Roudinesco and Massimo Recalcati, we start from the fundamental points and go into depth analysis of the consequences of fluid modernity expressed in the phenomenon of the transformation of empirical relations, the crisis of patriarchy and Freudian-Lacanian psychoanalytic concept of the “disappearing father” and “death of the other”. The future of families, alternative family forms are viewed through the prism of the universality of the family, and/or the transformation of the functions of a modern family.

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Vertybės Sampratos Turinio Erdvė Ir Jos Reikšmė Asmens Gyvenime Ir Valstybės Politikoje

Author(s): Vilija Targamadzė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 90/2017

Values are important in human and public life but their concept and significance are understood and interpreted differently, as this greatly depends on the methodological approach. The purpose of the article is to highlight the multidimensionality of the concept of value and its significance to the individual and state policy. To achieve this goal, theoretical analysis is integrated with the results of a study conducted in 2016. It appears that although each informant interprets the content of values individually, they are undoubtedly important in personal life and state policy. They can be given different degrees of weight, idiosyncratic interpretations and levels of significance for human life and state policy, but nonetheless, the moral basis of their evaluation is the reliability of virtue ethics. Thus, values and virtues are closely interrelated and the human and state policy navigation systems should be developed on the basis of virtues and closely related values.

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Institutional determinants and entrepreneurial action

Author(s): Barbara Bradač Hojnik,Katja Crnogaj / Language(s): English Issue: Spec/2016

The paper examines the effect of specific institutional factors on entrepreneurial activity. In the course of the examination, we encounter various viewpoints regarding entrepreneurship and different needs of national politics. The research objective is to determine whether institutional factors influence early-stage entrepreneurial activity. There is a broad array of opinions on appropriate set of factors that influence the entrepreneurship processes, on ways of their influence and on differentiating between the developed and less developed countries. Therefore, we examined the defined research hypothesis in the light of 24 countries (Argentina, Belgium, Brazil, Chile, Columbia, Croatia, Denmark, Finland, France, Greece, Hungary, Island, Italy, Japan, Latvia, Netherlands, Norway, Peru, Russia, Slovenia, Spain, United Kingdom, Uruguay and USA), in the period between the years 2006 and 2010 (24 countries * 5 years = 120 observations). The data was obtained from Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) database and complemented with data from other international sources such as Heritage Foundation, among others. With econometrics business methods, we determined that greater economic freedom in the institutional context of a country affects the extension of productive entrepreneurship, while the individual's decision for the entrepreneurship is conditioned significantly by the prevailing cultural and social norms.

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A Case Study on Moral Disengagement and Rationalization in the Context of Portugese Bullfighting

Author(s): Luis Cordeiro-Rodrigues,Emanuele Achino / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2017

Bullfighting is increasingly seen as a contested practice in Portugal. The Portuguese public generally disapproves of the practice and the Portuguese animal rights movement has dedicated a significant number of their campaigns to protesting against it. Despite this opposition to the practice, however, there is still legal protection of the practice on grounds of preserving it as a national tradition. This contestation and legality has led bullfighting supporters to actively try to defend and rationalize the practice. This paper analyses this defence and rationalization by exploring a case study of the quasi-lobbyist Portuguese organization, Pr˘toiro. The aforementioned case study is analyzed through the use of critical discourse analysis and neutralization theory. The conclusion reached in this article is that the analysis of speech reveals that Pr˘toiro and its supporters try to morally disengage with the harm done to the bull by using justifications that bullfighting is an ethical activity

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