Deinstitucionalizacija osoba sa intelektualnim i mentalnim teškoćama između ljudskih prava i ustanova socijalne zaštite

Author(s): Dragana Stanković / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Democratic changes at the beginning of new century marked the new reform directions in the social welfare system with aim to overcome the problems inherited from the previous period − the extreme centralization of the system, high rates of institutionalization, lack of community-based services and the passive position of the beneficiaries in the social welfare system. Therefore, the recognition of deinstitutionalization as one of the basic directions of social welfare reform coincided with these changes. EU integration process of the Republic of Serbia has further enforced and accelerated the incorporation of international standards into national legislation, creating a legal framework for combating discrimination and respect for human rights of people with intellectual and mental disabilities. However, as the medical model of disability was the dominant paradigm for a long time and deeply rooted into social protection system, professionals and policy for persons with disabilities, the positioning from institutional toward care and protection in community has been going on very slow. Despite the existence of formal commitment to transform the system, the process of deinstitutionalization of people with intellectual and mental disabilities in Serbia has not been performed in accordance with the basic requirements which are essential for the success of the process and exercise of the rights of these people. This paper analyzes the extent to which current organization of social protection system is in accordance with the basic principles of deinstitutionalization that are prerequisites for the realization of the rights of the people with intellectual and mental disabilities in accordance with international and national standards.

Democratic Transition and Identities

Author(s): Jovan Komšić / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

By structuring his analysis into four key segments (1) Nationrelated contradictions and identity ambiguities; (2) Identity policies and multiculturalism; (3) Transitional identity engineering in Serbia, and (4) Projections of the future and prospects of multicultural strategies, the author corroborates the following thesis: regardless of numerous challenges of multiculturalism and dramatic open issues concerning the economic and financial crisis, as well as the refugee crisis, the EU policies of identity (both national and European) cannot preserve the advantage of the existing and globally unique civilizational values, nor can they prove their effectiveness in the consolidation of the democracy and integration of transition societies if the power to define identity is acquired (or preserved) by xenophobes and ethno-nationalists. Instead of traditional notions and (ultra)conservative (anti-)politics, the crisis requires new ideasand strategies. Therefore, multiculturalism should be given a real chance.

A Different Russia: From Serbia's Perspective

Author(s): Milan Subotić / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Добри практики от други държави за участие на НПО в подпомагането на избрани уязвими групи при взаимоотношенията им с институциите

Author(s): Miriana Ilcheva / Language(s): Bulgarian

In order to contribute to the improvement of the situation of Bulgarian NGOs, providing support to selected vulnerable groups – prisoners, victims of trafficking and domestic violence, persons seeking international protection and other vulnerable foreigners – this report presents a selection and summary of good practices from EU Member States, donor states Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway and countries outside of Europe. The practices have been identified by studying printed and electronic publications of foreign entities and comparative reports of international organisations on the legislation, policies and practices in different countries. Part of the information has been collected via foreign partners of the Center for the Study of Democracy under projects, related to the selected vulnerable groups and the capacity building of civic organisations.

A Magyarországi Munkások Rokkant- és Nyugdíjegyesülete

Author(s): Monika Kozári / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

PREDGOVOR

Author(s): Naida Kučukalić,Emina Bošnjak / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

HOMOFOBIJA – FOBIJA KOJU DRUŠTVO PODRŽAVA

Author(s): Aida Spahić / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Diskriminaciju ljudi nehetero seksualne orijentacije i “drugačijih” rodnih identiteta možemo pratiti već stoljećima. Od ranog srednjeg vijeka mržnja prema ljudima koji nisu heteroseksualne orijentacije po - činje da se institucionalizira, primarno kroz crkvene strukture. Poči - nju progoni homoseksualaca, lažne optužbe za homoseksualnost (koja se tada nazivala sodomija) u svrhe postizanja političkih ili drugih ci - ljeva. Jedan od primjera jeste red templara koji je cijeli uništen upravo po ovim osnovama. Iako je homoseksualnost bila nešto što se aktivno pokušavalo iskorijeniti, služila je i kao sredstvo za ucjene, klevete i optužbe. Tokom stoljeća koja su uslijedila, osobe optužene za homo - seksualnost bile su u sadašnjim evropskim zemljama podvrgavane ka - znama kao što su utapanje, davljenje, odrubljivanje glave, kastriranje, vješanje, spaljivanje i slično (Mondimore 2003: 187). Iako su dolaskom prosvjetiteljstva ovakve kazne znatno smanjene, počinju se pojavljivati kvazimedicinske i kvazinaučne teorije o degeneracijama i iznalaziti raznorazna opravdanja za formalnu kriminalizaciju homoseksualno - sti (Mondimore 2003: 187). Tokom dvadesetog stoljeća homoseksual - nost je bila kriminalizirana u skoro svim zemljama, i povlačila je za sobom dugotrajne i stroge kazne.

ROD

Author(s): Dajana Cvjetković / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Godinama ljudi vjeruju da se svi prirodno ponašaju kao žene i muškarci u odnosu na pripadajući spol. Kompleksna društvena istraživanja su pokazala da muškost i ženskos (rod) determiniraju mnogi faktori, a ne samo spol. „Pretpostavljalo se da je rod prirodna manifestacija pola ili kulturna konstanta koju nikakva moć ljudskog delovanja ne bi mogla da izmeni.“ Rod se može definirati kao koncept koji obuhvata ponašanje, društveno konstruirane uloge i psihološke osobine koje se često vezuju za biti muško ili žensko. Društveno konstruisani identitet koji određuje šta znači ponašati se kao žena naziva se feminitet, a kao muškarac maskulinitet. Naša ideja maskuliniteta i feminiteta uključuje rodne pretpostavke ponašanja bazirane na osnovu spola osobe. Rod je društveni konstrukt koji u odnosu na spol određuje društvene uloge muškaraca i žena (osoba muškog ili ženskog spola).

RODNI IDENTITET

Author(s): Dajana Cvjetković / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Rodni identitet se odnosi na subjektivni osjećaj i poimanje sebe kao muškarca ili žene. Većina ljudi u prvim godinama života, najčešće između druge i treće, shvati da li se osjeća kao muško ili žensko. Rodni identitet ne mora biti podudaran sa spolom, zbog toga neke osobe budu zbunjene pri identifikovanju sebe kao muškarca ili žene. „Rodni identitet podrazumijeva vlastitu rodnu samokoncepciju, ne neophodno ovisnu o spolu i rodu osobe. Zahvaljujući savremenim tumačenjima feminističkih teorija, rodni identitet uspješno je distanciran od binarnog koncepta muškoga ili ženskoga.“ Pa se danas diljem svijeta rodne norme i uloge rapidno mijenjaju, te se i odnosi između muškaraca i žena mijenjaju. „Odmah nakon rođenja, roditelji i društvo počinju da grade naš pogled na društvene uloge, prilike i odgovornosti svojstvenim muškarcima i ženama.“ Čime ograničavaju individualnu percepciju osobe na unaprijed zadata očekivanja u skladu sa spolom.

KUĆNI RAD JE JEDAN RAD I JEDAN RAD JE KUĆNI RAD

Author(s): Hana Ćurak / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Kada bismo na grafikonu mapirali feminističke probleme između privatnih (x) i javnih (y), dobili bismo jedan ispunjeni pravougaonik čija je površina jednaka uzaludnošću tog mapiranja. No, nakon tako provedenog vremena, sa sigurnošću bismo mogli tvrditi da postoje određeni feministički problemi koje nam je bilo teže koordinatima približiti jednoj ili drugoj osi. Zamišljajući sebe nad milimetarskim papirom, čini mi se da bi me pozicioniranje problema neplaćenog kućnog rada poslalo nazad u peti osnovne, vrijeme kada sam, kao i armije djevojčica prije mene, definitivno odustala od matematike.

HOMOSEKSUALNOST

Author(s): Maida Zagorac / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Pojam homoseksualnost je nastao iz dvije riječi: iz starogrčke riječi μός (homos) što znači isti i latinske riječi sexus, što znači spol. Homoseksualnost se definira kao emotivna i fizička privlačnost prema osobama istog spola, te predstavlja jednu od tri moguće seksualne orijentacije – heteroseksualne, biseksualne i homoseksualne. Termin homoseksualnost osmislio je Karl Heinrich Ulrichs 1862. godine. Termin se odnosio na one osobe koje vole pripadnike_ce svog spola ili koji_e su zarobljeni_e u tijelu suprotnog spola. Za žene se koristio termin homoseksualne žene.

The Youth and Socio-Religious Conflicts in Africa: The Nigerian Dynamics

Author(s): David C. Ononogbu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Conflicts situations generally result in enormous loss of life, massive displacement, huge economic loss, socio-economic under-development and political instability. The African continent is conflict-prone and Nigeria is not spared her share of the problem. In fact, the conflict dynamics in Nigeria includes two powerful and explosive factors − religion and the youth. Thus, whether acting as precursor or fodder, they constitute the most amorphous and intractable social phenomena in the current socio-political landscape in Nigeria because of the burgeoning youth population and the religious interpretative lens. This paper argues that uneven opportunities and inadequate social and security apparatuses in the society combine well with unbridled religious fervor to engender conflicts in the nation. The study adopted the frustration-aggression theory and the methods of data collection were largely documentary. The data were analyzed using qualitative descriptive analysis.Recommendations include that a proper profiling of the youth population should be undertaken to address the peculiar challenges and needs of young people. Again, labor-oriented and beneficial projects should be set-up to tackle the high levels of poverty and unemployment among the people while adequately engaging the youth.

FAMILY AND YOUNG PEOPLE

Author(s): Bojan Petrović / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

One of the frequent excuses which can be heard from young people is: “My parents don’t understand children of my age.” Why is the generation gap so present in our families? Why are the parents and the young people in our society literally at war with each other? All these are questions which I wanted to deal with, in the wake of my previous interest, connected with this subject which is so characteristic of my milieu. Consequently, to bring the cultural trends closer to the real social trends and somehow expand the problem critically. While preparing this essay, I was greatly helped by the works of Thomas Gordon and Mirjana Obretković: “The Art of Parenthood”, and “Family Relationships, Guardianship, and Social Work”, respectively.

FOR THE LITERATE ONLY

Author(s): Mara Živkov / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

There are two inextricably linked problems to which, in my mind, proper attention has not been paid: one problem concerns the control over the media and accessibility of (un)true information, while the other concerns population to which the said information is conveyed. I shall furthermore try to quote several examples from history indicating how the elite-controlled media concocted so many lies and prejudices to make the vastly illiterate population commit terrible crimes.

Въвеждащи думи

Author(s): / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The “Self” And The “Other” In Postcolonial Britain: Towards A Genealogy Of The British Immigration Regime

Author(s): Iva Dodevska / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This note outlines a research program investigating the British immigration regime from a perspective that considers its embeddedness in colonialism. It seeks to advance a genealogy (in a Foucauldian sense) of the production of the racialized immigrant through immigration policy and legislation, undertaking a discourse analysis on landmark legislation governing cross-border movement of people and access to British citizenship, as the two inseparable aspects of Britain’s complex immigration regime. A conceptual approach is proposed, and some preliminary insights are discussed.

On the Collective Moods of Booms and Busts: Socio-Psychological Foundations in External Shock Communication and Social Volatility in the COVID-19 Economic Fallout

Author(s): Julia M. Puaschunder / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The currently ongoing novel Coronavirus-crisis is an external shock coming down on society with direct impact on societal moods and subsequently connected economic changes. With growing digitalization and quickening of transfer speed, information exchange in the individual involvement to break trends online on a global scale may impose unknown systemic risks in causing social volatility in international economics. Research may explore how human beings’ communication and interaction results in socially constructed volatility that echoes in economic correlates. This paper proposes to explore the role of communication and temporal foci in pandemic communication to create social volatility underlying economic downturns with attention to international differences. Comparing the economic consequence of the endogenous crunch of the 2008 World Financial Recession with the external economic shock of the COVID-19 pandemic could aid to retrieve crisis-specific recovery recommendations. Understanding how the social compound forms economic outcomes promises to explain how market outcomes are developed in society and can be shaped by strategic communication with special attention to new media technologies.

Decision-making and Folklore in the Matter of Life and Death: Brain Death, Organ Donation, and Miracle Narratives

Author(s): Hicran Karataş / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Turkiye and the rest of the world have been experiencing insufficient cadaveric organ donations. Although Turkey laws regulating organ transplantation allow the harvest of organs from the brain-dead who donated their organs while they were alive, Turkish social norms prohibit physicians from applying the written procedures. Therefore, both verbal and written consent of the close relatives of the possible cadaveric donors must be obtained after the brain death is announced. The ambiguity of the concept of brain death, invented in the 50s, and the terminology of modern medicine limit people’s ability to comprehend the states of coma, vegetative life, and brain death. Even though cross-cultural studies verify that the most common reasons for reluctance in cadaveric organ donations are religious concerns, interviews with donors and refusers, who are the relatives of brain-death people, revealed that folklore transmitted to generations within the context of beliefs, rituals, social norms, and oral genres also affect the judgment of prospective donors. As will be discussed in this paper, miracle narratives are particularly referenced in rejecting the reality of brain death in the conducted interviews. This paper will explore how such narratives affect decision-making process of refusers concerning the death of one and the survival of another.

Reflections on the Inadvertence between the Ethical Axioms – Integrity and Corruption

Author(s): Bogdan David / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Starting from the principle according to which ethics itself is a somewhat paradoxical “science”, an unusual mixture of contingency and universality, aiming at wisdom (phrónesis) rather than science itself (Pleșu 1994, 10), the present approach represents an action nyptic to signal, like axiology, the relations of mutual hostility between the ethical-integrity axiom and the phenomenon of corruption. We believe that it is inescapably necessary to draw attention to the facts of general inadvertence of immoral conduct towards ethical attitudes and professional integrity related to all fields of activity, but especially to the fields of education and justice.

Postrzeganie problemu kongestii miejskiej przez mieszkańców Łodzi

Author(s): Robert Łukasiewicz / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The chapter: "Perception of Urban Congestion by Residents of Łódź," addresses a crucial issue in the daily functioning of urban areas, namely congestion in transportation networks. The main objective of the chapter is to characterize the adverse phenomenon of congestion and examine how it is perceived by individuals moving within the city of Łódź. The study also aimed to identify the key factors influencing mobility within the city. Identifying ways to mitigate traffic congestion in cities, considering the analysis of its main causes, can serve as a basis for developing improvement plans and inspire initiatives aimed at optimizing the entire transportation system. To achieve the research objective, a quantitative study was conducted using a survey questionnaire, with a total of 120 responses collected. Among the most frequently mentioned causes of traffic congestion, respondents highlighted long-term and poorly organized roadworks. Interestingly, half of the respondents did not pay attention to the issue of single-occupancy car travel. The main consequences of traffic congestion, as identified by the survey participants, include time losses and, from an economic perspective, a decrease in interest in living in the city and unfavorable conditions for business development. The most common demands for improving traffic flow include the construction of infrastructure combined with Intelligent Transportation Systems. The study results reveal a greater inclination towards using individual transportation compared to collective transportation methods.