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Како лажните вести влијаат врз академската писменост: Случајот на мала држава што ги зацврсти резултатите од изборите во САД

Author(s): Mira Bekar / Language(s): English Issue: 20/2019

Феноменот ,,лажни вести“ се шири со алармантна брзина во последниве две декади. Создавањето лажни вести и нивното распространување влијае врз нашата дигитална писменост и нашите компетенции како читатели и едукатори. Проблемот се усложнува со отсуството на критичка перспектива кон дигиталното образование. Оваа студија ја анализира врската помеѓу создавањето лажни вести во периферна земја во Европа и претседателските избори во САД. Целта на ова истражување со кое се анализира вистински настан од 2016 е да ја дефинира дигиталната писменост, да понуди нов пристап кон нејзино развивање и да понуди начини што би им помогнале на студентите, кои воедно се и активни читатели на вести, да препознаат проблематична содржина. Воедно би им дале повеќе моќ на читателите за успешно партиципирање во демократско општество.

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Interpoetyki korespondencji: figury uobecnienia, fikcjonalizacja i zakłócenia technologii obecności

Author(s): Lucyna Marzec / Language(s): Polish Issue: 18/2019

The paper discusses the benefits of conceptualizing correspondence as an interpoetic medium.It presents an analysis of textual and visual ways of constructing the presence of theaddressee and the sender in letters, and the disruption of constructing this presence causedby interrupting the writing process by a phone call. The paper indicates the fictionalizing roleof the addressee and the sender as the condition for creating the “virtual reality” of a letter.It presents basic figures and topoi for acknowledging the presence in correspondence basedon the collections of correspondence between: Wisława Szymborska and Kornel Filipowicz,Maria Pawlikowka-Jasnorzewska and Stefan Jasnorzewski, Stanisław Barańczak and LechDymarski, and Zofia and Kazimierz Moczarscy.

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Sieci neuronowe typu GAN i GPT-2, słowa zużyte i kreatywność, czyli literacki second-hand

Author(s): Inez Okulska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 18/2019

Is creativity only a human domain? Can a neural network, even the most sophisticated architecture,fed with material created and chosen by man, be creative, and even if it is nota work of art secondary to human beings? Or maybe, as Bakhtin, and behind him Kristeva,wanted, each of our expressions is still destined to be secondary, because this is the nature oflanguage? What is creativity, what can artificial intelligence do, what critical literary reflectionscan its work induce, especially in the context of intertextual and interpoetic relations?In the article I am searching for answers on the example of functioning of neural networkstype GAN and GPT-2 model. Apart from fragments of analyzed texts and references to thetheory of literature, there is also an introduction to the structure and essence of the analyzedtechnological solutions.

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Ponad inter-, w kręgu trans-. Nowelizacje gier wideo jako przykład narracji transmedialnych

Author(s): Joanna Sikorska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 18/2019

The article consists of two parts: in the first, theoretical part, the author characterizes the novelizationstaking into account their place in the contemporary cultural and media landscape. In theauthor’s view, the novelizing, i.e. transforming audiovisual texts into a medium of literature, is anexample of transmedia and convergent world-forming practices. In the second part of the article,the author presents a typology of video game novelizations (exploratory, alternative and simultaneousnovelizations). She analyses chosen examples of novelizations, and on this basis, sheconcludes about the functions that their particular types perform in the creation of storyworlds.

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Przyjemność intertekstu (w przekładzie). Casus Barthes’a i Lewańskiej

Author(s): Weronika Szwebs / Language(s): Polish Issue: 18/2019

In this article, I interpret two unusual intertextual references present in the Polish translationof Barthes’s The pleasure of the text by Ariadna Lewańska. Such intertexts are unusual becausethey are not rooted in the intertextuality of the original: allusions to the classic worksof Polish literature are inserted by the translator in the seemingly neutral and “transparent”fragments of the French text. I comment on the motivations behind them, their status, andpotential impact on the reader. My analysis was inspired by observations, theses, and postulatesderived from The pleasure of the text, which was treated as a theory of translation.

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Boobalk, Schubert i szyfry

Author(s): Przemysław Kaliszuk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 18/2019

An article presenting intertextual relations included in Trenta Tre written by RyszardSchubert, which was recognised as a late achievement of Polish neo avant-garde literature.The author demonstrates how Schubert creates references to the romantic literature and tothe modernist texts engaged in a dialog with romanticism. He identifies the potential sourcesfor quotations and allusions, and also draws readers’ attention to the relationship betweenthat work by Schubert and an unfinished story written by Krzysztof Kamil Baczyński. Themain purpose of creating the intertextual connections is to present the problem of key oppositionsin modern literature, and thus to illustrate the decline of the very formation itselfand the downturn in the dynamics of the processes that affected its productivity.

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Tyldy Tildena

Author(s): Ewa Rajewska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 18/2019

The article focuses on the concept of interpreting national heritage developed by by FreemanTilden in his classic work Interpreting Our Heritage (1957), which is discussed in the widercritical context of literary interpretations developed by Richard Rorty in The Pragmatist’sProgress and Rita Felski in Uses of Literature.

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MIędzy teoriami

Author(s): Ewa Kraskowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 18/2019

The paper discusses the latest monograph by Anna Łebkowska, Somatopoetyka - afekty -wyobrażenia. Literatura XX i XXI wieku in the context of previous Research and publications ofthis author. Theoretical issues related to modern prose, cultural approach in literary studiesand affective turn in humanities play the most important roles here.

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Przed-teksty a relacje intertekstualne (w kontekście krytyki genetycznej)

Author(s): Adam Dziadek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 17/2019

This text is devoted to avant-texts and their influence on intertextual relations. The avanttextresearch makes it possible to reveal intertextual relations that significantly complementthe previous interpretations of indicidual works. They also help realize the fact that any textonce printed remains open, uninhibited and unbound – thanks to the research into its avanttexts,reading perspectives are significantly expanded and allow to pose a lot of significantquestions related to the genesis of the text. Intertextual space is not limited only to conscious,teleological references, because it opens to the field of the unconscious.

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Materialność intertekstualności. Figura cienia w komiksie Fun Home Alison Bechdel

Author(s): Izabela Sobczak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 17/2019

In this article, I analyse Alison Bechdel’s autobiographical comic book Fun Home, which hasbeen hailed as the “event of the year,” demonstrating how its visual and verbal layer engagesin an intertextual dialogue with Marcel Proust’s In Search of Lost Time. Proust’s novel becomesthe main intermediary in the double (graphic and textual) coding of gender, sexual, and artisticidentity of the main characters: father and daughter. The figure of the shadow plays a crucialrole in description and representation; adapted from Jungian psychoanalysis, it takes ona more material and less abstract character in Bechdel’s comic book.

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„Czy dotyka cię czas?” Foto-grafemiczność tekstu na podstawie utworu Tomasza Różyckiego Las tropikalny

Author(s): Barbara Englender / Language(s): Polish Issue: 17/2019

The paper is an attempt at analyzing the intertextual relations between literature and photography.In order to extract them, the notions of textual “photo-graphemicality” (understoodas a number of features indicating similarities between a text and a photograph) and “photographeme’(their individual textual realization), inspired by Derridean “grammatological” categories.Their functioning in a poetic text is presented using the example of Las tropikalny byTomasz Różycki.

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Ontologia nienowoczesności w poezji Piotra Szewca

Author(s): Marta Tomczok / Language(s): Polish Issue: 19/2020

Referring to the theories of Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht, Bruno Latour and Nurit Bird-David, theauthor attempts to prove that Piotr Szewc’s poetry is accompanied by a concept that questionsthe logic of the modern world based on technical progress and an isolated, egocentricsubject. The aforementioned concept is an ontology of the non-modern. It is directly inspiredby Latour’s concept of nonmodernity (amodernity), supported by a reflection on the new animismof Bird-David. The analysis includes four poetry volumes, published between 2006 and2017, and a selection of poems by Szewc from 2019.

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Opisać świat wspomnieniem. Antecedencje w najnowszych fabularyzowanych grach cyfrowych

Author(s): Rafał Kochanowicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 19/2020

The development of digital role-playing games brings with it not only qualitative transformations,but also a change in the choice of topics. An example of it is the “moral change”: gamedevelopers increasingly refer to family issues. As a result, there are changes in the method ofcreating the story presented in the game. The role of the game’s retrospectives is becomingmore and more important in a variety of ways. The functions assigned to them are connectedwith both the introduction of moral issues to the games and with world creation, because thedescriptions of the world presented in the retrospective perspective become the basic sourceof information about its boundaries and features.

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„Nic tu nie jest ukryte”. Poza hermeneutyką podejrzeń

Author(s): Toril Moi / Language(s): Polish Issue: 19/2020

n literary criticism, proponents of critique assume that texts have hidden meanings that must be uncovered by the critic. This has given rise to the idea that “suspicious” or “symptomatic” reading is a specific method of “deep” reading, as opposed to “surface” reading. Drawing on Wittgenstein and Cavell’s thought, Moi challenges such views. Talk about surfaces and depth do no work for literary critics. Just as there is no “approach” to language, there is no method in literary criticism. Even famous suspicious readers such as Sherlock Holmes and Sigmund Freud don’t read any differently from other critics: they simply look and think. The suspicious critic is convinced that texts lead us astray; Wittgenstein thinks we get lost in our own words. For him, philosophy is the attempt to get from such self-inflicted confusion to clarity. In literary criticism, this means trying to answer the question “Why this?”

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W stronę rozszerzenia zbioru funkcji. Propozycja lektury O opisie Janusza Sławińskiego

Author(s): Gerard Ronge / Language(s): Polish Issue: 19/2020

The article discusses the basic concepts of Janusz Sławiński’s O opisie that are important forPolish literary studies in the wider context of the current discussion on the need to abandonthe linguistic approach to literature in search of other ways to better understand the meaningof the work. Doubts expressed by Toril Moi in her book Revolution of the Ordinary regardingthe analysis of texts from a traditional textual perspective become a pretext for revising someof the assumptions made by the structuralist school regarding the categories of descriptionformulated, among others, by researchers such as Sławiński and Roland Barthes.

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CONCEPTUL DE LITERATURĂ: TEORII ŞI CONTROVERSE

Author(s): Constantin Șchiopu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1(36)/2020

The article addresses the problem of defining literature, insisting on several theories launched over time. Plato and Aristotle’s conceptions of art/literature serve as a starting point in approaching the problem. Further, a series of concepts are analyzed: literature – language/word art (Croce, G. Morpurgo-Tagliabue, Moscow linguistic circle, Society for the study of poeticlanguage in Petrograd), the structural identity of different layers of the work (Linguistic Circle from Prague: J. Mukarovsky, B. Havranek, F. Vodicka), the literary work as a stratified product (Roman Ingarden). It is concluded that all theories are important, as they eliminate at least a part of the controversies regarding the only fair ideological interpretation of literary works.

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Teoria systemu społecznego obiegu literatury

Author(s): Werner Faulstich / Language(s): Polish Issue: 32/2019

The main hypothesis of literature circulation in a theory system can be formulated as follows: literature circulation is an inextricable element of literature, while literature constitutes an integral part of literature circulation. To provide evidence to this supposition, it is necessary to draw from the definition of a system proposed by Helmut Wilke in his System theorie (1982). The social circulation of literature demands the emergence of a series of subsystems which, as part of the system, are characterised by their own factors, relations and ways of organisation. The most important category, enabling us to tell the difference between various subsystems of the literature circulation, is the medium. It goes without saying that any kind of literature is passed on via a particular kind of medium, i.e. the novel through the medium of the book, radio drama through the medium of radio, the feature film through the medium of film, stage drama through the medium of theatre, etc. It is impossible to separate “Literature” from “Circulation”. As a consequence, the history of literature is neither a pure history of a particular piece or utopia (the latter being the approach of the idealistic literary studies), nor pure history of media (technology) as a part of a general history of communication and society (which is the journalism approach). Instead, it clearly separates itself from both, i.e. as a history of a mediated utopia.

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ИДЕНТИТЕТОТ И ЕГЗИЛОТ

Author(s): Goce Smilevski / Language(s): Macedonian Issue: 22/2020

The interaction between the individual identity and society is a complex phenomenon, and its dynamism is conditioned by the fact that the various elements that compound the identity interact complementarily or conflictingly, which causes the subject to build identity strategies which help her/him to defend her/his existence and her/his social vision, her/his integration into society, while at the same time maintaining coherence. Identity strategies are particularly dynamic among people that live in exile, and this is a consequence of the multicultural interaction of their own, individual characteristics, the values they bring with them from the country they come from and which, either they or the ethnic group to which and belong, want to keep even after emigration, and the values that are established in the country in which they moved, and which society expects to accept. This text is focused on several theoreticians’ (most notably Edward Said and Amin Maalouf) approaches to understanding the transfiguration of the identity of exiles, under the influence of the violations and discontinuities that come with moving from one environment of existence to another, and how they interact with another culture, another language, another value system. Both Said and Maalouf point the possibility of integrating into exile’s identity both heritages: the valuable features of the culture of the country of origin and those of the country in which she/he lives.

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ХЕРМЕНЕВТИКА НА ПАНДЕМИСКИТЕ ДИСКУРСИ

Author(s): Slavica Gadžova / Language(s): Macedonian Issue: 22/2020

This paper is an attempt to approach the covid 19 pandemic as a social phenomenon and analyze the discourses that arise from it. Understood in Foucault's broadest concept, these discourses attempt to produce a new discursive reality called “new normality”, which is in fact a redefinition of the role and position of man in the world. We approached the discourses and techniques of “new normality” with the philosophical-theoretical apparatus of Michel Foucault, Giorgio Agamben, Julia Kristeva, Guy Debord, Jean Baudrillard. From the detection of the phenomena of discipline and disciplinary normalization of the human body and its “abjectification”, through the phenomena of panopticism, surveillance and monitoring, to the analysis of the pandemic as a global spectacle, we have found that further analysis of the social aspects of the pandemic is inevitable and very important, because covid 19 pandemic greatly affects human rights and freedoms.

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МОЌТА И ЕСТЕТИЗАЦИЈАТА НА МИЛОТО

Author(s): Ivan Dzeparoski / Language(s): Macedonian Issue: 76/2020

The aim of this paper is to analyze the place of the “cute” in our contemporary world and also in the system of other aesthetic categories, especially in terms of beauty and beautiful. The treatment of cute is then considered on the basis of the approach to cute and cuteness in the philosophy of Simon May and Sianne Ngai. The key conclusion of this paper is that cute in the system of aesthetic categories manifests itself not only as the opposite category of the beautiful and the sublime, but also as a category that contains a whole range of opposites and differences that allow different understandings and interpretations of contemporary art and literature from the second half of the XX century and the beginning of the XXI century.

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