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Problems of Prevention of Crimes and other Violations in the Sphere of Labor Relationship of Modern Russia

Author(s): Alexander Yuryevich Epikhin,Inna Vladimirovna Makeeva,Irina Dmitriyevna Ryzhkova / Language(s): English Issue: 11/2015

The purpose of this study is to identify problems in labor relationship in the Russian Federation. The authors usethe term ‘labor fraud’. There is a differentiation from the fraud in general criminal sense. There is a necessity tointroduce criminal responsibility for ‘labor frauds’. Similar experience of foreign countries is considered in apositive way. Among main conclusions derived from the work it is to provide the following theses: The constitutional right of employees to receive compensation for labor is not protected fully. Civil and administrative legal responsibility is not sufficient to realize this right fully; The solution of the problem on the observance of employees’ rights in full should be based on the achievements of legal science, in particular, science of labor and criminal law; The actual legal status of the employee provided by the law and its implementation mechanism brings the labor relationship to a new level which positively affects the reputation of the welfare state.

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International and Inregional Premises of Formation of the Labor Market in Russia

Author(s): KHAIRULLINA Nursafa Gafurovna,GAISINA Lyutsiya Mugtabarovna,KRASULINA Natalia Alexandrovna,Zulfiya Zifovna Berezhnova,Greb Andrey Vladimirovich / Language(s): English Issue: 11/2015

The article presents the results of a secondary analysis of the results of public preferences research on social problems of migrants, which arrive to the region from the countries of Central Asia, on the basis of a questionnaire survey of 1200 respondents living in the Tyumen region, and also experts’ opinions. Statistic data, which characterize processes of arrival and departure of foreign citizens, has been analyzed. Results of questionnaire of social opinion gave a chance to conclude, that the situation in the area of labor migration is morepleasant, than the results of social opinion about migrants in Russia in general.

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Impact of the COVID-19 Crisis on Heavy Work Investment in Romania

Author(s): Alina Simona Tecău,Cristinel Constantin,Radu Lixandroiu,Ioana Bianca Chițu,Gabriel Bratucu / Language(s): English Issue: SI 14/2020

This paper analyzes aspects specific to the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the working population in Romania, from the perspective of heavy work investment. Issues related to workload, overwork, work engagement, workaholism and performance in work were considered. A survey based research was conducted using several scales widely tested in studies on heavy work investment with the data being processed in SPSS. The results of the research reveal a negative impact on the components of heavy work investment (time and effort). For all measured aspects, there were decreases in work investment during the pandemic, with negative effects on respondents' attitudes towards personal work performance. Based on the research results, the main proposal for the business environment is to stimulate employees for achieving a higher level of work engagement which can lead to increased work performance. This can also be achieved by adopting policies to reduce overtime.

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THE PERSONALIZED MODEL FOR THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN RESOURCES IN CUSTOMS

Author(s): Mara Petersone,Karlis Ketners / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

For customs administrations to function effectively and to uphold European Union (EU) values, it is crucial that they work together, with consistent quality standards and with the uniform application of regulations and initiatives. This is because different approaches and standards in education and training make it difficult to share information on best practices and disseminate knowledge and skills between different customs administrations. The EU Customs Competency Framework (CustCompEU) sets out a consensus on the optimal set of knowledge, skills, and behaviours required by customs professionals in the EU. However, from the perspective of customs institutions, several practical issues arise – chiefly, how to provide their employees with the necessary knowledge and skills in a cost effective and efficient way, by investing in customs employee training. This study provides a flexible methodology for generating competency, which allows employers to systematize the requirements for specific customs positions and to connect with the requirements of international and supranational organizations. The approach provided is practical from the perspective of the customs institution, and provides educators and human resource managers with the necessary information regarding the knowledge and skills acquired as a result of the educational process. The meta-analysis of the study is based on the use of qualitative data from existing data sources which utilize the professional standards system implemented in Latvia, EU-implemented initiatives, and the principles of the process management system. The standards of the customs profession are a key element in the development of an integrated learning and management model, which would be a central element in a coordinated and harmonized vocational education and training system for professional customs officers.

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Organizational Commitment of Human Resources in the Context of Leadership Styles in the Organization

Author(s): Dávid Miško,MATÚŠ VAGAŠ,Zuzana Birknerová,Juraj Tej,Eva Benkova / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2021

Engagement in companies is an important issue in the management and leadership of human resources, which affects the competitiveness of the company but also the employees themselves. By focusing on the individual operating levels of human resource management with an emphasis on organizational commitment, we believe that the creation of a concept forms an important basis for achieving organizational goals. If we look objectively at the involvement of employees on the part of the company management but also on the part of ordinary employees, all interested parties could come up with a real company policy that can satisfy the company. The essence of every decision-making, strategy, coordination, planning, and management is and will always be employees. In almost all organizations, there is a mission according to which human resources are the most valuable resources. The paper aims to verify the relationship between a leadership style (orientation towards employees, participatory style) and commitment of human resources to an organization. The results of the research, carried out on a sample of 202 respondents, confirm the direct connection between a leadership style and commitment of human resources in the organization conditions.

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INDUSTRIAL POLICY AND COMPETITIVENESS OF THE TUNISIAN MANUFACTURING SECTOR

Author(s): Frikha Nihel,Ben Amar Mohamed / Language(s): English Issue: 4 (53)/2021

This paper aims to assess the impact of industrial policy instruments oninternational competitiveness and in particular on the competitiveness of the manufacturingsector in Tunisia. From a non-stationary panel model composed of 13 Tunisian manufacturingsectors during the period 1995-2016, we show the existence of a long-term cointegrationrelationship between manufacturing exports and its determinants. The results show thatspending on research and development and tertiary education has a positive effect on exports.Hence, it is necessary for the public authorities to intervene within the framework of industrialpolicy to promote technological innovation and higher education

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GENDER UNEMPLOYMENT GAP IN KOSOVO - EMPIRICAL STUDY

Author(s): Theranda Beqiri,Ibish Mazreku / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

The review and research on the persistence of unemployment and existence of difficulties to entry into the labour market for females has been carried out in this paper. Objective of this paper is to present the implementation of equal employment opportunity chances in the organization level and unemployment issues. There are quite level of studies that explored gender inequalities but just a few for persistence of unemployment in general in transition economies. In this independent research data were collected through questionnaires with the sample of 630 respondents, the econometric model used in this research paper is binomial logistical regression. We found that there is a gender inequality in accessing and having a chance to be active participants in labour market for females as a consequence of not applying equal opportunity procedures. Results indicate that females are weaker in having contacts with informal networks to find jobs than males. Age is also significant variable which resulted that workers with younger age were associated with a decreased likelihood of odds in unequal employment opportunity for both genders. We also find that increasing the level of education decreases the inequality in biased employment regarding gender even though there are some inequalities when it comes to older age of the respondents for both genders. Implications of this study can be used by policy researchers regarding causes of gender unemployment gap and its persistence.

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EMPLOYEE RELATIONS AND ORGANIZATIONAL EFFICIENCY IN FOOD INDUSTRY IN NIGERIA

Author(s): Temitayo Alice Onifade,Tomiwa Sunday Adebayo,Kazeem Fasasi Ayodeji / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

The main objective of the study was to examine employee relations and organizational efficiency in De-United Foods Industries Limited. A descriptive research design was adopted, and a 20-item structured questionnaire was used to solicit information from the respondents. Out of the 240 questionnaires administered to the staff of De-United Foods Industries, Ota, Ogun State, 215 questionnaires were retrieved representing 90% response rate. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were adopted to analyse the data. While the descriptive statistics (Tables, Simple percentage, and pie chart) were used to analyse the demographic information, the inferential test statistics (simple linear regression) were used for the analysis. The result of hypothesis one (Beta value = 25.754; R2 = 81.8; t = 30.948; P -value = .000) indicated that employee voice has positive and significant effect on the efficiency of De –United Foods Industries limited. Also, the result of hypothesis two (Beta value = 19.247; R2 = .830; t = 32.257; P -value = .000) revealed that conflict resolution has positive and significant effect on the efficiency of De–United Foods Industries limited. Lastly the result for hypothesis three (Beta value = 28.304; R2 = .913; t = 47.427; P -value = .000) depicted that employment empowerment has positive and significant effect on the efficiency of De–United Foods Industries limited. Arising from the findings, the study concluded that employee relations have a significant impact on organizational efficiency in De-United Foods Industries Limited. It is thereby recommended that the management of the organization in focus and other organizations should keep on listening to their employee voice, maintain conflict resolution and facilitate employee empowerment to further enhance efficiency.

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CREATIVITATEA, CA EFECT AL INFLUENŢEI DIVINE

Author(s): I. Gabriel Năstase / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 47/2021

In 1993, at the suggestion of eng. Valeriu POPA and at the initiative of professor, Phd Dolphi DRIMER, at that time the rector of the Ecological University of Bucharest (UEB), the Faculty of Parapsychology was established (later it changed its name to the Faculty of Psychology and Cognitive Sciences).In 1996, one of the guests, my regretted friend Dumitru Panu MISĂILESCU, brilliant inventor, a good Romanian and a good Christian, managed to capture the attention of the participants for 3 hours. His presentation relating to the theme Conference: “Creativity as an Effect of Divine Influence” was exceptional.

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Factors influencing the willingness of Hungarian sour cherry growers to operate in a short supply chain

Author(s): Noémi Ványi,János Felföldi / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2021

Although a number of studies have been conducted over the past decade to understand the factors influencing the willingness of producers to operate in a short supply chain (SSC), the intention to adapt can still be identified as an unexplored area. The main aim of the present study is to determine the extent to which Hungarian fresh sour cherry producers show a willingness to operate in a short supply chain and what investments they would make to do so. The sour cherry producers involved in the study clearly show a willingness to operate in a short supply chain. Some producers approach this in a “complex” manner, so they would even meet individual consumer needs and deliver orders to the consumer. Farmers opting for a “simpler” solution would prefer to sell their products to the consumer at their premises or at farmer’s markets. Further results support the fact that the more producers believe in the viability and future of SSCs and the higher their level of education is, the more willing they are to adapt in terms of resources or production processes in order to achieve complete transition. The results reflect the importance of examining the factors that determine farmers’ intentions to operate in the short supply chain, but it is also worthwhile and justified to explore how willing they are to “sacrifice” and invest in order to completely adapt.

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THE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS AT KASSERINE REGION: SOME REFLECTIONS FOR A SOCIO-ECONOMIC STUDY

Author(s): Ounalli Nadia,Arfa Lamia,Gara Anissa / Language(s): English Issue: 1 (54)/2022

Despite its natural and archaeological potential and its position on the borderwith Algeria, the Kasserine governorate remains economically and socially disadvantaged,despite some progress made since independence. Since 2012, this governorate has beenranked last in socio-economic development. Indeed, this area recorded a regionaldevelopment index of 0.16 against 0.50 for Médenine, 0.69 for Ariana and 0.76 for Tunis.Then, in 2018, this index remained the last ranking at the national level with a value of 0.41against 0.530 for Médenine, 0.620 for Ariana and 0.630 for Tunis (ITCEQ, 2018). This paperconsists of an analysis of the development situation in the Governorate of Kasserine, after therevolution of January 14, 2011.

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HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT INFLUENCE ON EMPLOYEE RELATIONS IN AFRICA: CASE OF BOTSWANA PUBLIC SERVICE SECTOR

Author(s): Tshukudu Theophilus Tebetso / Language(s): English Issue: 1 (54)/2022

This paper endeavour to investigate the influence of Human resourceManagement as a function in the promotion of effective labour relations in the Botswana PublicSector setting. Principle to the interface between management and employee relations is themediatory role that requires a sound professional and unbiased human resource managementpractices. Human Resource Management (HRM) is an umbrella term used to describe themanagement and improvement of employees in an organization. HRM remains pivotal to theemployee relations in an organisation including the public sector environment. Humanresource as function facilitate a positive relationship between employees and hence have avery big influence on the whole performance of the organization. Although HRM is key to theperformance of organizations in the sense that it brings employees together, employee andemployer and the whole professional and otherwise development of the staff as well as thecompany, little is still known about how HRM contributes to ER and productivity. (Raeder,2014), said until now very little is known about how HRM practices influence ER and the detailsof how that influence increases productivity.

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Introducing flexible retirement: a dynamic model

Author(s): András Simonovits / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2021

Mature market economies steadily raise full-benefit retirement ages and add flexible (or variable) retirement age: early/late retirement is punished/rewarded to neutralize the budgetary impact of free choice within wide age limits. New EU member states also raise full-benefit retirement ages, but typically restrict downward flexibility, conditioning it on long enough length of contribution (e.g., Czechia) but sometimes even forsake the deduction (Females40 scheme in Hungary). In this paper, we shall study the costs of removing restrictions on flexibility. In our dynamic model, we show that even if early retirement is duly punished, diminishing the effective retirement age by 1 year raises the first year’s and the total expenditures during transition by 8% and 70% of the original annual expenditures, respectively.

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Evaluation of the Effects of the Graduate Practice in Slovakia: Comparison of Results of Counterfactual Methods

Author(s): Lucia Svabova,Katarina Kramarova,Marek Durica / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2021

Graduate Practice is in Slovakia one of the measures of active labour market policy aimed at decreasing the unemployment rate of young graduates. It is one of the most frequently used interventions by young jobseekers under the age of 26; similar measures are used in other European Union (EU) member states. The specific objective of this intervention is to provide young jobseekers to gain the first contact with the labour market, first work experience and work habits that may be attractive to potential employers. The intervention is financed from the European Social Fund (within the Operational Program – Human Resources and the priority axis – Youth Employment Initiative) and the state budget. This fact requires ad 1) to evaluate the eligibility of drawing these resources and ad 2) to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of resources in terms of employability and sustainability of participants of the intervention in the labour market, the second of which is the primary objective of this study. The European Commission has increasingly required the member states of the EU to carry out impact evaluations of funded interventions and to develop evidence-based policies that will implement the results of such evaluations. The aim of this study is, therefore, to evaluate and review the effects of the Graduate Practice on the employability of young jobseekers in conditions of Slovakia. This evaluation is carried out using a counterfactual approach by comparing the results of treated and non-treated individuals by applying the three most used methods: regression adjustment, instrumental variable, and propensity score matching method. The results indicate significant effects of the Graduate Practice on the employability of young jobseekers and their sustainability in employment. The results of the evaluation are valuable mainly for policymakers, i.e. in setting the rules of the intervention and its eligibility to make the measure more effective or potentially in preparing other measures aimed at youth unemployment. Implications for Central European audience: The findings of the evaluation may inspire policymakers in other countries than Slovakia to introduce similar or new programs for the youth unemployed. The results of this study may also be used for an international comparison of the effectiveness of interventions if a similar program for youth unemployed operates in another country, which may be appropriate mainly from the point of view of being a program(s) co-financed by the European Social Fund.

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Physicians’ Dual Practice: A Theoretical Approach

Author(s): Kirathimo Muruga,Tatjana Vasiljeva / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2021

The present study seeks to evaluate the theoretical approach towards physicians’ dual practice. This is done by investigating the various theoretical grounds that form the basis of physicians’ dual practice. The study presents theoretical findings by comparing them with practical primary data from experienced experts. An in-depth search of the top keywords related to dual practice was done in various databases. The study first identified all articles related to dual practice in various databases. In total, 59,838 articles identified after duplicates were removed were narrowed down to four hundred and thirty-eight (438) studies and considered relevant for review. The filtration process was carried out based on the recentness of the articles. A review of the articles was done to eliminate duplicates, a linguistic check was conducted, and a final sorting was carried out to arrive at fully accessible reviewed articles in the journal databases. Filtration was done to select fully accessible publications under the following keywords: Herzberg’s two-factor theory, contract theory, and supply of labour theory. Forty-one (41) fully accessible and peer-reviewed articles were used for analysis. The study underscores that dual practice can be theoretically modelled as a function of three theories (Herzberg’s two-factor theory, contract theory, and supply of labour theory). It is paramount, therefore, for studies to appreciate the theories in understanding the motivation behind the dual practice. Thus, the present study has proposed a hybrid integrated theory, the Integrated Theory of Labour, Supply and Motivation, in order to offset the weaknesses of the theories and build on their strengths. Implications for Central European audience: This study proposes the Integrated Theory of Labour, Supply and Motivation in order to help researchers and government institutions better address the concept of moonlighting in public institutions. The study concludes that future scholars and researchers in related fields could extrapolate the Integrated Theory of Labour, Supply and Motivation by conducting a factor analysis in order to validate the theory since it offers a platform to cover the drivers behind the dual practice in a comprehensive manner and also builds on the strengths of other theories explaining the dual practice. Theoretically, the study also validates the theories it uses and the extent of their applicability to this and similar studies. This is not through ruling out theories explaining dual practice but reinforcing them. The findings of this study may be useful in shaping policy in the area of managing contracts for physicians in dual practice and supply of labour economics in general.

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Ocena sytuacji na rynku pracy osób młodych w wybranych krajach Unii Europejskiej – podejście taksonomiczne

Author(s): Grażyna Trzpiot,Magdalena Kawęcka / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2021

The primary objective of the article was to classify objects that are labour markets of young people in selected EU countries in order to create relatively homogeneous groups based on the set of variables considered. This allowed to examine the similarities of the selected member states and to compare the two years of 2008 and 2018. The analysis used EUROSTAT (17 macroeconomic and demographic variables) data for selected EU countries. The study used hierarchical methods to agglomerate objects through a dendrogram to illustrate the linkages between countries applying Ward's method for Euclidean distances. A non-hierarchical k-means method was also used to examine the allocation of objects and assess the relevance of the study by minimizing the variability within the resulting clusters, thereby maximizing the variability between them. The results provide a basis for improving the measurement of the situation of young people in the labour market by showing factors significantly influencing the level of employment and unemployment of young people. This study opens the door to future research on the labour market situation in the member states.

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Kolik nás může pracovat z domova? Výsledky pro Českou republiku

Author(s): Petr Janský,Matěj Bajgar,Marek Šedivý / Language(s): Czech Issue: 5/2021

How well can a society and an economy face up to COVID-19 depends, among other factors, on how many jobs can be performed at home. Work from home has the potential to increase firms’ productivity and quality of workers’ lives regardless of COVID-19, but it can also create new challenges. In this paper, we estimate the share of Czech workers who could work from home, using detailed Czech labour force survey data and an internationally recognised occupational classification methodology. Overall, we apply in the Czech context a methodology developed by Dingel and Neiman and published by the Journal of Public Economics in 2020. Our results show that about one third of Czech workers can perform their jobs from home. This share is comparable with countries at similar per capita income levels and with the share of workers who worked from home in Czechia during COVID-19 in the spring of 2020. The ability to work from home is distributed unequally across sectors, regions and workers’ education levels. Whereas around four fifths of workers in the financial or the information technology sectors can work from home, less than one in five workers in agriculture and culture can work from home. Most university-educated workers can work from home, but only one in ten workers with primary education can do so. About a half of the workers in Prague can work from home, while only about a quarter can do so in the rest of the Czech Republic

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PROJECTME: A FILMED LIVE-STUDIO SELF-DEVELOPMENT LEARNING EVENT INFORMED BY EMPIRICAL RESEARCH INTO HUMAN RESOURCE PRACTITIONERS’ LEARNING-FOR- TRANSFORMATION NEEDS

Author(s): Lesley Gill,Christine McConnell,Steve Atkins / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2011

It is important that the investment managers make into the self-development of their employees identifies and targets the actual needs, and that real learning occurs that is observable in positively changed behaviours. This research identifies the self-development priorities of Human Resource (HR) managers and presents the findings from an innovative learning event called ProjectMe; a filmed innovative learning experience that involved project teams, an expert panel, presenters, live audience participants and live-streamed on-line participants in real-time. This involved using a recent organisational issue which was presented to two project teams to solve, presenting their recommendations ‘live’. Over-laying the organisational issue was a self-development issue, in this instance, “The right amount of ego”, which aimed to highlight the role of ego in individuals and teams, and challenge everyone to evaluate how that impacted on self. The multiple perspectives represented by the different learners provided excellent refractions of understanding, because so many perspective-giving vantage points offered learning opportunities for using reflective feedback which raised accountability, thereby taking people to the last step of transformation: action. As part of ascertaining what self-development HR practitioners needed, the results of a survey that asked them what it was they wanted to develop in themselves towards achieving their personal and/or professional goals are presented. The survey was sent via the Human Resource Institute of New Zealand (HRINZ) website to 790 practitioners, with 90 responses. Additionally, so as to make a methods contribution via this study, an expert panel of six was engaged in a role-play and statistical simulation (adapting Q methodology for a mock training needs analysis).

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Education Policy in the Context of Economic Sciences – Human Capital in the Process of Production and Consumption

Author(s): Stanislav Konečný / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

In economic relations, man acts both as creator and consumer of values. As a creator he applies his human capital in them. The aim of the study is to contribute to clarifying these starting points from the aspect of economic theory. The first chapter is devoted to man and his education in the process of value production. W. Petty viewed man directly as (human) capital; A. Smith viewed man as the bearer of this capital; but in the latter case it can be assumed that part of the investment in education is consumed. The second chapter is devoted to a man in the process of consumption of the goods of education. Man as a consumer of the values (goods) of education can be seen in terms of cardinalist or ordinalist theory. The result of the study is a better understanding of these theoretical underpinnings of economic science, allowing practical questions about the financing of education to be addressed with greater competence.

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QUALITATIVE FEATURES OF WOMEN’S ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITY IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA: THE SECTORAL DISTRIBUTION PERSPECTIVE

Author(s): Danijela Stošić Panić / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

Although growing in volume, women’s entrepreneurship is still significantly underrepresented relative to the entrepreneurial activities of men. Moreover, in most of the contexts, quantitative performance of female entrepreneurs are worse, compared to the ones achieved by their male counterparts. Though certainly important, knowing only the quantitative performance of female entrepreneurs is not enough for improving their competitiveness and socio-economic status. Quantitative performance are the results of certain qualitative features of women’s entrepreneurial activities, which are often neglected in the public discourse. The aim of the study is to provide an overview of the sectoral structure of women’s entrepreneurship from the less studied contexts, such Serbian environment is. Working with data provided by the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia, the study empirically tests and supports the hypotheses that there are differences in the sectoral distribution of female and male entrepreneurs in the Republic of Serbia, with Serbian female entrepreneurs being overrepresented in the services sector. Moreover, the results show women’s observed participation in the services sector is significantly higher than the one which would be expected given the sectoral structure of the general population of entrepreneurs. The paper discusses its theoretical and practical contributions as well.

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