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Діагностика об’єктів інноваційної праці як інструмент підвищення інноваційної активності персоналу підприємства

Author(s): Ruslan Skrynkovskyy,Tetiana Protsiuk,Liliia Sytar,Oksana Shpak / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 03/2018

The purpose of the article is to form and develop theoretical and methodological foundations for the diagnostics of objects of innovative work as an instrument for increasing the innovation activity of the personnel of the enterprise. Structural decomposition of constituents of innovation work at the enterprise is presented. It was established that the program for diagnosing objects of innovation work includes a linear algorithm, which consists of a sequence of actions such as: 1) the formulation of diagnostic objectives; 2) determination of internal losses in labor processes (assessment of the organization of work and production by business indicators: working time, resources and quality); 3) analysis of external factors and innovation risks; 4) assessment of resource capacity; 5) identification of objects of innovation work. It was found out that: 1) the result of the diagnostics of objects of innovation work is the definition of innovative opportunities in the system of organization of labor and production, which are the basis for the development and implementation of innovative proposals, which prompts the increase of innovation activity of personnel; 2) innovative activity of the personnel of the company depends on many factors, among which the innovative enterprise strategy plays an important role. The prospect of further research in this direction is the formation of practical recommendations for improving the system of partial diagnostic purposes of the company's polycriterial economic diagnosis, taking into account the presented research results.

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Emotional Intelligence and Occupational Stress in Romanian Organizations

Author(s): Ramona – Diana Leon,Ramona-Ioana Tanasescu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

The research aims to analyze the relationship between emotional intelligence and occupational stress in the Romanian banking sector. Therefore, a case study strategy is developed and a quantitative approach is employed. Data are collected from a subsidiary of one of the most profitable banks from Romania and are processed using structural equation modelling – partial least square (SEM-PLS). The results prove that all four dimensions of emotional intelligence have a positive impact on reducing the stress experienced by employees. In other words, those who have a high level of emotional intelligence are less stressed at the workplace; due to the fact that they manage to understand and control their own emotions and the emotions of others, they (i) are more goal-oriented, (ii) focus on what they are doing, and (iii) use their emotions in a constructive way. These findings have both theoretical and practical implications. At the theoretical level, it extends the literature regarding the nexus between emotional intelligence and occupational stress by providing valuable insights from a Romanian banking institution. Furthermore, it helps the policy-makers understand why their employees perceive differently the occupational stress. Besides, it sheds light on how important it is for the managers to develop their ability to recognize their own emotions and using them appropriately in the decision-making processes.

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Podejście przestrzenne do modelowania wybranych chorób cywilizacyjnych

Author(s): Alicja Olejnik,Agata Żółtaszek / Language(s): English Issue: 332/2017

For years now, developed countries face an epidemic of high blood pressure, diabetesand high cholesterol, risk factors related to heart and circulatory disease, and a suite of psychologicaldisorders ranging from depression, anxiety, to compulsive behaviours. These health risks have traditionallybeen associated with affluence, however by 2008 there is no clear link between nationalincome and these diseases. E.g. according to Danaei, there was no relationship between national incomeand blood pressure in men, and in women blood pressure was even higher in poorer countries.This paper provides an in depth analysis of this correlation, applying spatial econometrics tools. Thespatial aspect of the prevalence of western diseases does not seem to be obvious and, to our knowledge,is not widely explored in the literature. In particular, the paper investigates the spatial processesof selected diseases of affluence in regions of the European Union. The research covers 261 NUTS2 regions for the period 2003–2010. This study provides the spatial analysis of circulatory and mentalhealth disorders. In our opinion, the presented spatial econometric approach may constitute an importantcontribution to the field of epidemiology. // Od lat kraje rozwinięte borykają się z epidemią wysokiego ciśnienia krwi, cukrzycą,podwyższonym poziomem cholesterolu, czynnikami ryzyka związanymi z chorobami serca i układukrążenia, ale także z szeregiem zaburzeń psychicznych, począwszy od depresji, stanów lękowych,aż po stany kompulsywne. Te zagrożenia wiązano zazwyczaj z zamożnością kraju, jednak do 2008 rokuzwiązek między dochodem narodowym a chorobami cywilizacyjnymi nie miał jasnego potwierdzeniaw literaturze przedmiotu. Co więcej, według Danaei nie stwierdzono żadnej zależności międzydochodem narodowym a ciśnieniem krwi u mężczyzn, u kobiet zaś ciśnienie krwi było nawet wyższew krajach biedniejszych. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przeprowadzenie pogłębionej analizytej korelacji z użyciem narzędzi ekonometrii przestrzennej. Aspekt przestrzenny rozpowszechnieniachorób cywilizacyjnych nie wydaje się oczywisty, a zgodnie z naszą wiedzą nie jest szeroko opisywanyw literaturze. Nasza analiza dotyczy procesów przestrzennych wybranych chorób cywilizacyjnychw regionach Unii Europejskiej. Badanie obejmuje 261 regionów NUTS 2 w latach 2003–2010. Stanowiono analizę przestrzenną chorób układu krążenia oraz chorób psychicznych. Prezentowane w artykulepodejście z zastosowaniem ekonometrii przestrzennej może stanowić istotny wkład w rozwójdziedziny epidemiologii chorób cywilizacyjnych.

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Determinanty zróżnicowania absencji chorobowej pracowników

Author(s): Małgorzata Striker,Ewa Kusideł / Language(s): English Issue: 333/2018

The aim of this article is to examine the changes in the sickness absence rate in Polandin 2005–2015 (in the period for which statistical data allowing for the calculation of this ratio areavailable) and, first of all, its territorial differentiation in 2012–2015. The research question has beenformulated as follows: what are the factors which determine the changes in the absence rate withintime (on the whole country level) and in 16 Polish regions? In accordance with the literature reviewperformed, the analyses have covered health (self‑evaluation of health condition, subjective assessmentof conditions and quality of living, the mortality in the event of incidence of certain illnesses)as well as social and economic factors (structure of population according to age and sex, the incomeof households, subjective assessment of the material situation, poverty level, unemploymentrate, employment structure according to NACE classification and structure of population accordingto the education level) which may affect the changes within time and the regional differentiationof the sickness absence rate. // Celem artykułu jest zbadanie zmian wskaźnika poziomu absencji chorobowej w Polscew latach 2005–2015 (okres, dla którego dostępne są dane statystyczne umożliwiające obliczenietego wskaźnika) oraz przede wszystkim jego zróżnicowania terytorialnego w latach 2012–2015. Pytaniebadawcze sformułowano następująco: „Jakie czynniki wpływają na zmiany w poziomie wskaźnikaabsencji chorobowej w czasie na poziomie ogólnokrajowym i jego zróżnicowanie w poszczególnychwojewództwach w Polsce?”. W analizach uwzględniono czynniki zdrowotne (między innymisamoocenę stanu zdrowia, subiektywną ocenę warunków i jakości życia oraz poziom śmiertelnościz zachorowalności na niektóre choroby) i społeczno‑ekonomiczne (strukturę ludności według wiekui płci, wysokość dochodów gospodarstw domowych, subiektywną ocenę sytuacji materialnej,poziom ubóstwa, stopę bezrobocia, strukturę zatrudnienia według klasyfikacji NACE oraz strukturęludności według poziomu wykształcenia), które mogą wpływać na zmiany w czasie i zróżnicowanieprzestrzenne poziomu absencji chorobowej.

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Knowledge management models as a source of employee and organization’s efficiency

Author(s): Ewa Stroińska,Justyna Trippner-Hrabi / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

Motivation: Knowledge management in an organization is a new and less explored area in business literature and business practice. The scope of changes to enterprises influenced by competitive environment forces them to continuous seeking new ways of achieving the success. So-called intangible development factors start to be extremely meaningful — especially knowledge, consciously gained, created and disseminated through diversified methods aimed at shaping employees’ appropriate behaviours and developing information technology, which succours this process. Applying this approach requires the proper prepa-ration of the organizational background and the system operation allowing the selection of a specific model. There are a lot of knowledge management models for organisation’s deci-sion-makers to be able to manage the resources properly and skilfully. Aim: The aim of the article is to present the significance of knowledge management models’ use in modern organizations. The authors constructed 2 main research questions for which they sought answers within the collection of empirical material: What are the main knowledge man-agement models used in a company? And How can models influence the effectiveness of an organization? The following research hypothesis has been constructed: In practice man-agement has not yet developed appropriate models for evaluating and diagnosing the impact of models on the effectiveness of business decisions. The empirical material was collected by means of a qualitative method and the technique used was a secondary analysis of the existing data in the form of thematic sources. Results: The results of the review of the literature of the subject are presented as a synthetic description. Literary research was conducted at the turn of 2016 and 2017. Added value is a review of existing models that can be used in management practice.

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Developing the human resource strategies with the approach to Strategic Reference Points (SRP) (Case Study: The Civil Deputy of the Isfahan Municipality)

Author(s): Mahdi Shahsiahi,Amirreza Naghsh / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

Codification and implementation of human resource strategy are practiced to make a bridge between policies and human resource methods, on the one hand, and strategic goals of the organization, on the other hand. Therefore, the present research was undertaken to develop human resource strategies with an approach to strategic reference point (SRP) in Deputy of Civil Affairs of Isfahan Municipality via a hybrid (qualitative and quantitative) method. The model adopted in this research was based on the integrated model proposed by Bamberger and Meshoulam. In the qualitative part, purposive sampling was used to achieve data saturation, while census method was utilized in the quantitative part. The quantitative data was collected via a descriptive survey approach through two researcher-constructed questionnaires, while qualitative data was collected via interviews. Following the analysis of the obtained data, strategic co¬ordinates of the jobs were determined and appropriate strategic model for each set of the jobs was identified. Research findings showed that paternal strategies are appropriate for management, technical, and specialized jobs, secondary strategies are suitable for administrative jobs, and contractor strategies well fit to servicing jobs. Finally, as components of a framework for achieving organizational goals, strategic goals, human resource strategies, and human resource subsystems (human resource supply, performance evaluation and rewards, employee relations) were developed.

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HUMAN CAPITAL MANAGEMENT AND THE LABOUR MARKET IN ROMANIA

Author(s): Marinela Lidia Băcilă,Gabriela Rîmbu / Language(s): English Issue: 12/2017

Over the last years, the European Union aimed its social policies to develop the human capital, meaning to equip its citizens with competences needed to adapt to the current economic situation in Europe, described by fast-changing technology and labour market. The goal of this paper is to analyse the social policies that target the development of human capital at the European Union level, as well as the measures that Romania implemented to manage their human capital. The paper also evaluates the results of the human capital development measures and their impact on the labour market in Romania in 2007-2016 period, using indicators associated to education, demography, employment, unemployment, income and labour productivity. Our analysis reveals that since Romania had become a member state of the European Union, the interest in the human capital development has increased, but Romania is making small progress. The implemented measures and policies had limited impact, and in some cases where not clear. To ensure a better management of the Romanian human capital, new approaches and innovative social policies are required

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Kapitał ludzki, cechy pracownika, stanowisko czy organizacja? Uwarunkowania szkoleń pracowników w świetle wyników wybranych badań

Author(s): Przemysław Piasecki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6/2015

The aim of the paper is to present a review of the literature concerned with factors behind the occurrence of professional training courses and their influence, and to list the most important factors and their predicted impact on training participation probability. With human capital theory, statistical discrimination theory and labour market segmentation theories as a premise for the analysis, on the basis of the literature review, four groups of employee training determinants were distinguished: those connected with employees' human capital, their personal traits, the nature of the job, and the organisational circumstances. Referring to prior research as well as theoretical reflection, the way in which these factors influence the occurrence of training is explained. The concluding section contains suggestions regarding the application of the presented analysis in further research.

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Determinanty jakości życia w miejscu pracy w jednostkach samorządu terytorialnego – wyniki badań empirycznych

Author(s): Kamila Kuczaj / Language(s): English Issue: 33/2017

The relationship between quality of worklife (QWL) and particular work aspects has been heavily re-searched over the years. Despite this continuous interest, there is no commonly recognized list of determinants of QWL that has been accepted by the majority of researchers. This study tests ten major job factors, and their relationship with worklife quality is presented and discussed. The results are based on quantitative data that was collected via questionnaire. This type of analysis has not previously been conducted in Poland in the public sector. The results, based on a regional probability sample of office workers, help to define the determinants of quality of worklife in local government institutions. The results indicate a relatively strong relationship between four of the ten described job aspects and QWL. The paper contains a list of conditions that are conducive to the development of QWL in local government, as well as institutional recommendations.

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OCENA PRAWDOPODOBIEŃSTWA REZYGNACJI Z POŚREDNICTWA URZĘDU PRACY W POSZUKIWANIU ZATRUDNIENIA

Author(s): Beata Bieszk-Stolorz,Iwona Markowicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2017

Frequent reasons of deregistration is refusal of acceptance the proposed employment or erasure due to absence in the office in due time. The aim of the paper is analysis of probability of resignation of the unemployed people from the intermediation of the labour office. The Kaplan-Meier estimator was used. It allows the assessment of probability of outflow of units from the cohort in subsequent months with relation to their features. The main part of the research was preceded by the indicator analysis making comparison of the structure of persons deregistered because of taking a new job with the structure of persons erased from the registry possible. Keywords: Kaplan-Meier estimator, unemployment, resignation from the intermediation of the labour office

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METODY ANALIZY TRWANIA W IDENTYFIKACJI DETERMINANT RYZYKA WYKREŚLENIA Z REJESTRU BEZROBOTNYCH

Author(s): Iwona Markowicz,Beata Bieszk-Stolorz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2017

The unemployment registry may be the database for analysis of the situation on the regional labour market. In this case there are important both the cause of unemployment and the deregistration reason. The lack of clearly defined cause of erasure from the labour office registry makes analyses difficult. Therefore the authors tried to identify the features of these persons influencing the risk of erasure from the unemployment registry. The aim of the paper is assessment of the risk of erasure from the registry and identification of its determinants. Because the time of staying in the unemployment registry was analysed, selected methods of duration analysis were applied. Keywords: the Cox hazard model, duration tables, hazard function, unemployment

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LABOR MARKET POLICY IN POLISH REGIONS ON THE BASIS OF THE WIELKOPOLSKA AND WARMIA AND MAZURY REGIONS (IN THE YEARS 2011–2016)

Author(s): Wacław Jarmołowicz,Magdalena Knapińska / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

While implementing economic policy, the State concentrates on four main goals related to economic stabilization referring to economic growth: a stable price level, a balance in the economic relationships with other states and the implementation of a full employment policy. Employment policy and labor market policy are crucial aspects of these actions. In the current study, attention has been paid to the very differentiation between the notions of employment policy and labor market policy, special emphasis has been placed on the latter as it directly influences the level and structure of unemployment in the national and regional economy. Another important part of the study presents particular aspects of the policy implementation against the phenomenon of unemployment in the studied regions in the period 2011–2016. The wielkopolskie voivodship and the warmińsko-mazurskie voivodship have been chosen as the study subjects. These regions significantly differ regarding their level of unemployment, but also in terms of their labor market policy implementation.

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SOCIAL INNOVATIONS IN THE LABOUR MARKET IN INSTITUTIONS IMPLEMENTING A MODEL OF ORGANIZATIONAL CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

Author(s): Ewelina Wiszczun / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

The aim of this article is to provide a broader look at the issue of social innovations through the prism of the possibilities of their creation and implementation in socially responsible organisations. The author of the article presumes that the ability to innovate in the area of labour market organisations implementing the model of corporate social responsibility is higher than in organisations not functioning on the basis of social responsibility.

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Systemy informatyczne wspierające pracowników wiedzy

Author(s): Mariia Rizun / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2017

The paper is dedicated to the Knowledge Management Information Systems (KMIS) as support tools for knowledge workers (KWs) activities. The general aim of the paper is to analyze the currently used systems and find out whether they meet all the requirements of KWs in the Knowledge Management (KM) process. To clarify the subjects of the research, the notions KWs and KMIS are presented in the form of concept maps. To specify the demands of KWs as for the software tools that assist them in the process of KM, the typology of KWs tasks was developed. Operation of the KMIS is examined from the point of view of their compatibility with the tasks and actions performed by KWs – in order to enhance functionality of the existing systems. The systems are divided into groups, each of them matched with a particular KM task. A case study of the open-source platform Moodle is given as a justification of the fact that support quality of KMIS presently requires improvements.

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PROCESS AND TYPES OF TRAINING IN MANAGEMENT

Author(s): Emanuela Esmerova / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

Many training and development approaches available for organisations are proposed including: on-the-job training, mentoring, apprenticeship, simulation, web-based learning, instructor-led classroom training, programmed self-instruction, case studies/role playing, systematic job rotations and transfers .etc. Typical roles in the field include executive and supervisory/management development, new-employee orientation, professional-skills training, technical/job training, customer-service training, sales-and-marketing training, and health-and-safety training. Job titles may include vice-president of organizational effectiveness, training manager or director, management development specialist, blended-learning designer, training-needs analyst, chief learning officer, and individual career-development advisor.Talent development is the process of changing an organization, its employees, its stakeholders, and groups of people within it, using planned and unplanned learning, in order to achieve and maintain a competitive advantage for the organization. Rothwell notes that the name may well be a term in search of a meaning, like so much in management, and suggests that it be thought of as selective attention paid to the top 10% of employees, either by potential or performance. While talent development is reserved for the top management it is becoming increasingly clear that career development is necessary for the retention of any employee, no matter what their level in the company. Research has shown that some type of career path is necessary for job satisfaction and hence job retention. Perhaps organizations need to include this area in their overview of employee satisfaction.

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ЕКИПИТЕ - СТАНДАРТ В СЪВРЕМЕННАТА УПРАВЛЕНСКА ПРАКТИКА

Author(s): Nadya Marinova Kuzmanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2018

This paper addresses important issues related to the creation of teams and their activities aimed at achieving common goals. Teams show various characteristics: the voluntary nature of joining a team, pooling efforts and taking joint action, the interdependence of the team members, collective responsibility, among other features. Furthermore, by setting up teams, organizations seek opportunities to respond to the constant changes in the external environment and apply flexible forms of organization to resolve the complex tasks they are facing, given that success in these attempts is essential to their long-term functioning. Team work also involves coping with challenges of a varied nature: at times the formation of a successful team is a time-consuming effort; creating and upholding common values within the team requires a focused approach; there is a risk that individual team members may suffer a heavy workload, among other problems.

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EMPLOYEE TUTORING IN ENTERPRISES AS A FUNCTION IN MANAGEMENT OF HUMAN RESOURCES

Author(s): Emanuela Esmerova / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

In many countries, individuals can become tutors without training. In some countries, including Cambodia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Lao PDR, and Tajikistan, the pattern of classroom teachers supplementing their incomes by tutoring students after school hours is more a necessity than a choice, as many teachers’ salaries hover close to the poverty line. In the Republic of Korea, the number of private tutors expanded roughly 7.1% annually on average from 2001 to 2006, and by 2009 the sector was the largest employer of graduates from the humanities and social sciences. Private tutoring is not always effective in raising academic achievement; and in some schools students commonly skip classes or sleep through lessons because they are tired after excessive external study. This means that the shadow system can make regular schooling less efficient. Teachers who spend more time focusing on private lessons than regular classes can cause greater inefficiencies in the mainstream school system. Situations in which teachers provide extra private lessons for pupils for whom they are already responsible in the public system can lead to corruption, particularly when teachers deliberately teach less in their regular classes in order to promote the market for private lessons. Academic coaching is an evolution of mentoring applied to academics. Coaching involves a collaborative approach. Coaches try to help students learn how they best learn and how to operate in an academic environment. Tutors help students learn the material in individual courses while coaches help students learn how to be successful in school. In college, that includes such topics as: study skills, time management, stress management, effective reading, note-taking, test-taking, and understanding how to use a syllabus. Academic coaches meet with the student regularly throughout the semester. Coaches work with students in all kinds of situations, not just those who are struggling academically. Some highly motivated, high-achieving students will have a coach to improve their learning efficiency. Academic coaching also occurs to help students prepare for entrance exams to gain entry to schools or universities. Tutoring may even be used for the whole application process to university. Academic coaching is a huge industry in Asia. For example, in India, a majority of students be it of any class or stream, visit a coaching center or a "study circle.

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Determinanty aktywnej polityki rynku pracy w krajach Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej

Author(s): Katarzyna Nagel / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 01/2018

The article shows the determinants of expenditure on Active Labour Market Policy in the new EU members in 2004-2015. Reviewed theoretical literature of the subject and relevant empirical observations examine this problem mainly in the highly developed countries. The EU expansion to the countries of Central and Eastern Europe raises the question of the extent to which the shape and expenditure on Active Labour Market Policy are influenced by globalization and the integration process, and to what extent they are the outcome of internal socio-economic determinants.The aim of the article is to identify the determinants of expenditure on Active Labour Market Policy in Central and Eastern Europe (CCE) in the years 2004-2015. The article opens with an overview of the theoretical literature and research on the determinants of Active Labour Market Policy followed by a classification of the latter. This part of the analysis is theoretical and based on the literature of the subject. In the empirical part of the article, the author selects aset of partial indicators and attempts to define their impact on the expenditure on Active Labour Market Policy (ALMP expenditure as percent of GDP) and expenditure per capita on unemployed measure as percent of GDP) using basic panel data for the group of countries examined. In recent years, discussion of the issue has moved in two different directions. One group of researchers suggest that determinants of active labour market policies are convergent with those already identified for highly developed countries, which shows unification on at least a regional scale(e.g. within the EU). This approach can be contrasted with a particularistic view, which argues that CEE countries follow different and non-traditional, individual paths. The analyzed determinants appear to be relevant to the expenditure on active labour market policies in the group of countries studied. On their basis one can formulate the claim that CEE countries have a different labour marketmodel compared to other EU member states.

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Spatio‑temporal Modelling of the Influence of the Number of Business Entities in Selected Urban Centres on Unemployment in the Kujawsko‑Pomorskie Voivodeship

Author(s): Elżbieta Szulc,Mateusz Jankiewicz / Language(s): English Issue: 337/2018

The paper presents the analysis of the spatial and spatio‑temporal tendencies and dependence in matters related to the situation in the labour market of the Kujawsko‑Pomorskie Voivodeship across municipalities in the period of 2004–2015. The aim of the investigation is to verify whether, in the presence of the dependence, investing (through a growing number of enterprises) in the development of selected urban centres with a high level of unemployment can significantly reduce the unemployment rate in the whole province. The assessment of the situation in the labour market for each of the municipalities is made with the use of two characteristics, i.e. the share of registered unemployed persons in the number of the working age population and the number of business entities per 10,000 working age population. From the methodological point of view, the values of the variables are treated as realisations of spatial and spatio‑temporal stochastic processes. The spatial and spatio‑temporal tendencies and dependence were investigated using the concept of spatial and spatio‑temporal trends and spatial autocorrelation. Additionally, spatial autoregressive models for individual processes and spatial models of the dependence of unemployment on the number of business entities, for each year of the investigated period, were estimated and verified. The specification of spatio‑temporal models of unemployment, including the model which takes into consideration spatial shifts and time lags of the dependence, was carried out. The models were used for simulating the level of unemployment in the province assuming some growth in the number of business entities in selected urban centres. // Artykuł prezentuje analizę przestrzennych i czasowych tendencji i zależności dotyczących sytuacji na rynku pracy w województwie kujawsko‑pomorskim w układzie gmin w okresie 2004–2015. Celem badania jest sprawdzenie, czy – przy istniejących zależnościach – wzrost aktywności działalności gospodarczej przez zwiększenie liczby podmiotów gospodarczych w wybranych ośrodkach miejskich województwa, w których poziom bezrobocia jest wysoki, może obniżyć bezrobocie w całym województwie. Sytuacja na rynku pracy w poszczególnych gminach została oceniona na podstawie dwóch zmiennych, tj. udziału bezrobotnych zarejestrowanych w liczbie ludności w wieku produkcyjnym oraz liczby podmiotów gospodarczych na 10 tys. mieszkańców w wieku produkcyjnym. Z metodologicznego punktu widzenia wartości tych zmiennych traktuje się jako realizacje przestrzennych i przestrzenno‑czasowych procesów stochastycznych. Przestrzenne i przestrzenno‑czasowe tendencje i zależności zostały zbadane przy wykorzystaniu koncepcji trendu przestrzennego i przestrzenno‑czasowego oraz autokorelacji przestrzennej. Dodatkowo zostały oszacowane i zweryfikowane przestrzenne modele autoregresyjne poszczególnych procesów, a także przestrzenne modele zależności bezrobocia od liczby podmiotów gospodarczych w poszczególnych latach badanego okresu. Dokonano również specyfikacji przestrzenno‑czasowych modeli bezrobocia, w tym modelu uwzględniającego przesunięcia przestrzenne i opóźnienia czasowe rozważanej zależności. Modele te wykorzystano następnie do symulacji poziomu bezrobocia w województwie przy założeniu wzrostu liczby podmiotów gospodarczych w ustalonych ośrodkach miejskich.

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The Role of Housing in the Spatial Distribution of Unemployment in Poland

Author(s): Maciej Tarkowski / Language(s): English Issue: 337/2018

Labour market and housing problems are an important part of social studies, though spatial analysis of labour market diversification and housing resources are not the dominating subject of studies. The interaction between the place of residence and the place of work is treated in terms of commuting to work, but this aspect does not exhaust the issue. The article is an attempt to answer the question whether a relation exists between the structure of housing and its accessibility and the stable diversification of local labour markets. A necessary condition for permanent migration from a location that does not offer work to that characterised by labour demand, is the accessibility of housing offering acceptable living conditions. The decades‑lasting housing deficit and the efforts to improve the situation relying solely on market mechanisms seem to restrict housing accessibility considerably. To answer this question a model of spatial regressions was construed, based on statistical data aggregated at the district (county) level. The results indicate a considerable role of financial accessibility of housing, in terms of purchase capacity and remuneration in particular districts, in preserving the disparities among local labour markets. // Zagadnienia rynku pracy i mieszkalnictwa stanowią ważką część problematyki nauk społecznych, jakkolwiek analiza przestrzennego zróżnicowania stanów rynków pracy i zasobów mieszkaniowych nie jest dominującą kwestią badawczą. Relacje między miejscem zamieszkania a miejscem pracy postrzegane są głównie przez pryzmat dojazdów do pracy, co nie wyczerpuje problematyki. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest próba odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy i w jakim stopniu trwałość zróżnicowań stanów lokalnych rynków pracy zależy od struktury i dostępności zasobów mieszkaniowych. Warunkiem koniecznym migracji stałej z miejsc, w których pracy brakuje, do cechujących się wysokim popytem jest dostępność mieszkań oferujących akceptowalne warunki bytowe. Tymczasem utrzymujący się od dekad deficyt mieszkań i próby jego zmniejszenia niemal, wyłącznie w oparciu o mechanizmy rynkowe, wydają się dostępność tę istotnie ograniczać. W celu odpowiedzi na tak sformułowane problem skonstruowano model regresji przestrzennej, wykorzystujący dane pochodzące z systemu statystyki publicznej, zagregowane do poziomu powiatów. Wyniki wskazują na znaczącą rolę dostępności finansowej mieszkań, rozumianej jako zdolność nabywcza lokalu mieszkalnego w odniesieniu do wysokości wynagrodzeń w poszczególnych powiatach, w utrwalaniu zróżnicowań stanów lokalnych rynków pracy.

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