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Strategies for minimizing information asymmetries in construction projects: project managers’ perceptions

Author(s): Anita Ceric / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2014

Communication risk is of crucial importance in construction projects. The situation in which one of the project parties is better informed than another is known as information asymmetry. This problem is addressed by the principal-agent theory. According to this theory, information asymmetries cause three problems: adverse selection, moral hazard, and hold up. The focus here is on strategies for minimizing information asymmetries in the construction phase. A survey of project managers was conducted to establish an understanding of the relative importance of risk-minimization strategies established in the literature: bureaucratic control (contracts), information systems, incentives (bonuses), corporate culture, reputation, and trust. The multi-attribute utility theory was used to analyze the responses. According to the project managers who participated in the survey, trust is the most important strategy in the construction phase, followed by bureaucratic control (contracts) and information systems.

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Explaining adoption of management innovations in less advanced settings: evidence from Turkey

Author(s): Mehmet Erçek / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2014

This study aims to explain how globally circulating management innovations are adopted by the firms operating in less advanced settings based on an integrative framework. The framework incorporates certain characteristics of national business systems, particular inter-organizational ties developed with transnational or local carriers, and the potential absorptive capacity of the local organizations. By this way, it includes the effects of temporal interactions between different adoption decisions. The components of the framework are operationalized and tested within the Turkish setting by using the adoption data of three different management innovations: TQM, six sigma and lean production. The data is collected from a sample of 375 large-sized firms using a telephone-based interview protocol. While the findings provide satisfactory support for the framework as a whole, they also call attention to the relative differences in the explanatory power of each factor in accounting for the adoption of particular innovations. Variations among the explanatory factors can be attributed to the differences between the life-cycles of TQM, six sigma and lean production as well as to the relative divergence of their conceptual framing.

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Requirements on the competence of ICT managers and their coverage by the educational system – experience in the Czech Republic

Author(s): Petr DOUCEK,Milos MARYSKA,Ota Novotny / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2014

Global developments in the information society are placing ever greater emphasis on professionals in the area of Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) and especially on managers of ICT companies. This article provides a comparison of the trends in the requirements of business practice on ICT managers in 2006 and 2010 and simultaneously draws attention to the coverage of these requirements by fields of study with ICT specialization, on the example of the Czech Republic. The presented results of the obtained data indicate quite good coverage of the requirements on knowledge and skills for the role of ICT manager in the Czech education market. In addition, the article encompasses methodology that can be employed to compare qualitative quantities of the potential of the educational process with the requirements imposed on it.

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RESEARCH OF EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION IN THE SPA TOURIST CENTERS IN SERBIA

Author(s): Goran Perić,Marko Gašić,Vladan Ivanović / Language(s): English Issue: 10/2015

The success of business companies whose business is tourism largely depends on the human resources or employees. It is therefore essential that employees in spa tourism (hotels, wellness and spa centers, rehabilitation centers) are motivated and thus be able to provide high quality service and achieve the required level of customer satisfaction services. The paper presents new findings in motivating employees, which may be used by other companies to motivate their employees and achieve commitment, productivity and retention of quality staff. The aim of this research is to determine on which motivational indicator employees in spa centers are the most and the least consistent as well as the relation between characteristics of the subjects on the highest and lowest consent. By applying the method of field research, a research has been carried out in spa tourist centers in Serbia in the period from September 2013 until mid-April 2014, on a sample of 202 respondents in various organizations. Based on collected data, we analyzed and presented results. The results show that the motivation of the employees is not satisfactory and that the financial factor is the key in motivating employees, because of the low standard of living. The influence of examinees characteristics on observed indicators of motivation was also noticed. Limitations of the research cannot be ignored, however, results may be important for understanding the contribution of employee motivation in the business, both for scientific and expert public, and for organizations whose main activity is spa tourism.

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Competitiveness - Higher Education

Author(s): Istvan Labas,Eva Darabos,Tunde Orsolya Nagy / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

Involvement of European Union plays an important role in the areas of education and training equally. The member states are responsible for organizing and operating their education and training systems themselves. In addition, EU policy is aiming at supporting the efforts of member states and trying to find solutions for the common challenges, which appear. In order to make our future sustainable max-imally; the key to it lies in education. The highly qualified workforce is the key to development, ad-vancement and innovation of the world. Nowadays, the competitiveness of higher education institu-tions has become more and more appreciated in the national economy. In recent years, the frame-works of operation of higher education systems have gone through a total transformation. The num-ber of applying students is continuously decreasing in some European countries therefore only those institutions can “survive” this shortfall, which are able to minimize the loss of the number of students. In this process, the factors forming the competitiveness of these budgetary institutions play an im-portant role from the point of view of survival. The more competitive a higher education institution is, the greater the chance is that the students would like to continue their studies there and thus this in-stitution will have a greater chance for the survival in the future, compared to ones lagging behind in the competition. Aim of our treatise prepared is to present the current situation and main data of the EU higher education and we examine the performance of higher education: to what extent it fulfils the strategy for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth, which is worded in the framework of Europe 2020 program. The treatise is based on analysis of statistical data.

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Human Capital - The Effects of Education on Economic Growth within the European Union

Author(s): Loredana Ioana Pribac,Anghelina Andrei / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2015

Human capital has an impact on economic growth by several channels. This study presents a conceptual research model that we built starting from the economic increase models, which explain the way in which the revenue per inhabitant was created taking into account mechanisms, channels and influence factors. I applied this model to the member states of the European Union and the results obtained confirmed the existence of some positive effects of human capital – expressed through education – on economic growth.

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Female versus Male Entrepreneurship within Europe

Author(s): Dorina Ardelean,Loredana Ioana Pribac / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2015

Entrepreneurship is a topic much debated and analyzed by many research institutions and organiza-tions. In recent years, the total number of entrepreneurs has been increasing significantly, female en-trepreneurship being the one that has increased a lot. In this study, we are going to present and ana-lyze the results of studies conducted at European level regarding the comparative evolution of male versus female entrepreneurship. The main conclusion that emerges from the analysis of the results obtained is that the number of women entrepreneurs is almost equal to that of men entrepreneurs in many European countries.

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Individual Consequences of Internal Marketing

Author(s): Remus Ionut Naghi,Gheorghe Preda / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2015

Since the emergence of the concept of internal marketing in the literature there have been almost 40 years. This period was marked by a constant increase of the concerns in the internal marketing area, these efforts being evidenced by the publication of a consistent number of articles (conceptual and empirical) which analyze this subject. Considering the previous empirical studies, most of them have focused on studying the relationship between internal marketing and employee satisfaction and / or organizational commitment. However, the relationship between internal marketing and its consequences has been less analyzed in the con-text of emergent economies. In this paper we aimed to analyze the individual consequences of the internal marketing in the Romanian economy context, focusing our attention on three constructs: em-ployee satisfaction, organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior. The research was conducted on a sample of 83 medium and large companies in various sectors of the Romanian economy. In order to proceed with the statistical data analyses we followed these steps: verifying the scales reliability, determining factor loadings and research hypotheses testing. Our research results are consistent with results of previous studies showing that the adoption of internal marketing practice has a positive effect on employee satisfaction, organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior.

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Effectiveness of the various Mechanisms and Practices in Preventing and Resolving Individual Labour Conflicts in Romania

Author(s): Alexandra Patricia Braica,Serghei Mesaros / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2015

In our country, the practice of individual labor dispute resolution shows that it predominantly appeals to the courts, to the detriment of alternative mechanisms for individual labor dispute prevention and resolution. Therefore, we believe the focus should be on developing those practices and mechanisms, on the one hand to prevent the emergence of a labor dispute, and on the other hand to steer the con-flict settlement through mediation. This paper refers to the existing situation in Romania, in terms of legislation and practice in the field. Promoting programs to increase the institutional capacity of social partners for resolving labor disputes, both individual and collective, would be an approach in accord-ance with the principles of social dialogue and would really contribute to developing a culture of social dialogue in Romania.

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Podmioty ekonomii społecznej w procesie zarządzania innowacjami społecznymi

Author(s): Dorota Moroń,Monika Klimowicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2015

Zmiany społeczne, potrzeby jednostek i rodzin oraz nasilające się problemy społeczne wywołują konieczność poszukiwania nowatorskich rozwiązań, które przyniosą korzyści społeczne, w sposób bardziej efektywny zaspokoją potrzeby i rozwiążą problemy społeczne. Innowacje społeczne – nowe rozwiązania, generowane i wprowadzane bardzo często przez podmioty sektora społecznego – stanowią wyraz społecznej odpowiedzialności i przynoszą pozytywne efekty zarówno w skali mikro, jak i makrospołecznej. Celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie modelu zarządzania innowacjami społecznymi, w którym główną rolę odgrywają podmioty sektora społecznego, zaliczane do ekonomii społecznej. W artykule wykorzystano metodę desk research, w ramach której dokonano analizy dokumentów unijnych, materiałów źródłowych oraz aktów prawnych. Przeprowadzone analizy wykazują różnorodność ujęć innowacji społecznych oraz ich odmienność od innowacji technologicznych. Specyficzny cykl życia innowacji społecznych wymaga określonego podejścia w zarządzaniu innowacjami społecznymi. W tym kontekście wskazać należy na podmioty sektora ekonomii społecznej, które jako struktury tworzone dobrowolnie, oddolnie, niezależnie od władz publicznych mają duże możliwości w zakresie wdrażania rozwiązań innowacyjnych.

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Emotionally intelligent leadership as a key determinant of strategic and effective management of human capital

Author(s): Helena Viskupicova / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

The purpose of this paper is to outline the strategic importance of Emotional Intelligence (EI) in contemporary approaches to management of Human resources (HR). The aim of this study is to provide a conceptual theoretical insight of the relationship between EI and leadership. The paper also reflects the conditions within the present business environment in Slovakia with the emphasis on leadership in the context of EI (based on the research conducted in this field), while answering the following question: To what extent do Slovak organizations incorporate EI measures into the hiring process for managerial positions? The answer to this question would consequently disclose whether organizations in Slovakia consider Emotional Intelligence as a factor determining effective performance of managers – leaders.

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ДЕМОГРАФСКИТЕ ПРОЦЕСИ В БЪЛГАРИЯ - ФАКТОР ЗА ДИФЕРЕНЦИАЦИЯТА МЕЖДУ ГРАДСКИТЕ И СЕЛСКИ ТЕРИТОРИИ

Author(s): Antoaneta Yordanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2014

The intensity of the development of demographic processes in Bulgaria is different in towns and villages of the country. In recent decades there has been increasing differentiation in the reproduction of the population in both types of settlement formations, which gradually transformed into differentiation in the age structure of the population. In this article, follow the main processes of natural and mechanical movement of the population from the beginning of the last century to the first decade of the twenty-first century and its impact on the population structure in urban and rural areas of the country.

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EMPLOYMENT TENDENCIES IN ALBANIA

Author(s): Frederik Çuçllari,Mirela Cini / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2008

Lisbon strategy offers a unique possibility to be transformed in a modern creative innovative economy with a dynamic business environment, with a qualified labor force followed by a strong social model. The future of Albania is not out of European structures. The integration in EU is the main and most essential aspect of total development of Albania. The main goal of economic policies is the growth of well being through the increase of the total employment. Economic environment is the most important determiner of the results of the labor market. Albania, one of the few countries, which has had a high and sustainable growth with about 6% in five years, is passing a positive economic “momentum”. Although it has had continuous growth of GDP for years, employment performance reflects a moderate behavior. The reduction of the unemployment is small in an absolute value and in a relative phrase. The opening of the hew work places has been very slow. A high level of employmentis important not only for the individual but also for the society and it is critic to achieve demographic challenges and to support the social well-being. Employment level of Albania 60% is much lower than Lisbon objectives. The labor force in Albania is increasing and it may be an important resource for economic growth in the future. The realization of this potential will require important improvements and the quality of the labor force and the efficiency of labor market; in the contrary this will aggravate more the unemployment problem.

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АНАЛИЗ НА ТРУДОВИЯ ПАЗАР В БЪЛГАРИЯ ЗА ЕРИОДА 2000- 2007 ГОДИНА И РАЗРАБОТВАНЕ НА МЕРКИ СРЕЩУ БЕЗРАБОТИЦАТА В УСЛОВИЯТА НА СВЕТОВНА ФИНАНСОВА КРИЗА

Author(s): Anton Marinov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2009

The labour market in Bulgaria for the period 2000 - 2007 has been analyzed. Some of the active programs and measures for labour encouragement in Bulgaria are examined, in the a spect of their efficiency. It is taken notice of the tendencies of the development of the labour market, both nationally and worldwide, under the conditions of world financial crisis and growing unemployment

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СТРАТЕГИЧЕСКО УПРАВЛЕНИЕ НА ЧОВЕШКИТЕ РЕСУРСИ - РАЗРАБОТВАНЕ НА СТРАТЕГИЯ В СЕДЕМ СТЪПКИ

Author(s): Valentin Vassilev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2009

Strategic human resource management is a new component part of the contemporary organization. It increases manifold the efficiency and the efficacy (of the work) of the human capital in the organization. The opportunity for advancement on the career ladder within the organization, on the other hand, gives stability and flexibility of the management. The development of projects for the implementation of strategic human resource management is a symbol of organizational perfectness.

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СРАВНИТЕЛЕН АНАЛИЗ НА НАМЕРЕНИЯТА НА СТУДЕНТИТЕ, ИЗУЧАВАЩИ БИЗНЕС В УНИВЕРСИТЕТА В ДУБРОВНИК, ХЪРВАТСКА, КЪМ САМОНАЕМАНЕТО

Author(s): Ivona Raguž / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2017

The entrepreneurship is one of the most important drivers of the development of an economy of any country. The purpose of this paper was to investigate business students’ intentions towards self-employment or working for an employer and if there are differences among entrepreneurial intentions of business students’ that come from a family of business owners from those who are not. The empirical research has been conducted on business students’ at the University of Dubrovnik in the Republic of Croatia in academic year 2010/2011 and in academic year 2015/2016 so that the comparative analysis can be made. The survey analysis was conducted in the paper. Survey questionnaire consisted of 21 questions which covered five dominant areas: demographic characteristics, type of potential business, financial aspects of business, the method of implementing a business idea and the source of information needed to generate idea on the market. Statistical analysis conducted in this paper has shown differences between intentions to own their business and influence of a family business in perception to become an entrepreneur in academic years, 2010/2011 and 2015/2016. Limitations and directions for further research are also discussed in this paper.

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СЪСТОЯНИЕ И ТЕНДЕНЦИИ В РАЗВИТИЕТО НА ПРОДЪЛЖАВАЩОТО ПРОФЕСИОНАЛНО ОБУЧЕНИЕ

Author(s): Evelina Rizova,Rayna Dimitrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2017

In recent decades, the belief that vocational education and training is a key factor for sustainable socio-economic development in Europe is growing. There is a need of new approaches in the field of continuing vocational training for the preparation of human resources whose qualifications match with the needs of the National economy. These approaches should be compatible with the specific socio-economic challenges facing Bulgaria. Especially important in this regard is that it must be taken into account the current situation on labor market and the need for skilled human resources in various sectors of the economy. The aim of the present study is to justify the importance of continuing vocational training and to analyze the state and trends in its development in Bulgaria.

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PROCESS AND TYPES OF TRAINING IN MANAGEMENT

Author(s): Emanuela Esmerova / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

Many training and development approaches available for organisations are proposed including: on-the-job training, mentoring, apprenticeship, simulation, web-based learning, instructor-led classroom training, programmed self-instruction, case studies/role playing, systematic job rotations and transfers .etc. Typical roles in the field include executive and supervisory/management development, new-employee orientation, professional-skills training, technical/job training, customer-service training, sales-and-marketing training, and health-and-safety training. Job titles may include vice-president of organizational effectiveness, training manager or director, management development specialist, blended-learning designer, training-needs analyst, chief learning officer, and individual career-development advisor.Talent development is the process of changing an organization, its employees, its stakeholders, and groups of people within it, using planned and unplanned learning, in order to achieve and maintain a competitive advantage for the organization. Rothwell notes that the name may well be a term in search of a meaning, like so much in management, and suggests that it be thought of as selective attention paid to the top 10% of employees, either by potential or performance. While talent development is reserved for the top management it is becoming increasingly clear that career development is necessary for the retention of any employee, no matter what their level in the company. Research has shown that some type of career path is necessary for job satisfaction and hence job retention. Perhaps organizations need to include this area in their overview of employee satisfaction.

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ЕКИПИТЕ - СТАНДАРТ В СЪВРЕМЕННАТА УПРАВЛЕНСКА ПРАКТИКА

Author(s): Nadya Marinova Kuzmanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2018

This paper addresses important issues related to the creation of teams and their activities aimed at achieving common goals. Teams show various characteristics: the voluntary nature of joining a team, pooling efforts and taking joint action, the interdependence of the team members, collective responsibility, among other features. Furthermore, by setting up teams, organizations seek opportunities to respond to the constant changes in the external environment and apply flexible forms of organization to resolve the complex tasks they are facing, given that success in these attempts is essential to their long-term functioning. Team work also involves coping with challenges of a varied nature: at times the formation of a successful team is a time-consuming effort; creating and upholding common values within the team requires a focused approach; there is a risk that individual team members may suffer a heavy workload, among other problems.

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EMPLOYEE TUTORING IN ENTERPRISES AS A FUNCTION IN MANAGEMENT OF HUMAN RESOURCES

Author(s): Emanuela Esmerova / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

In many countries, individuals can become tutors without training. In some countries, including Cambodia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Lao PDR, and Tajikistan, the pattern of classroom teachers supplementing their incomes by tutoring students after school hours is more a necessity than a choice, as many teachers’ salaries hover close to the poverty line. In the Republic of Korea, the number of private tutors expanded roughly 7.1% annually on average from 2001 to 2006, and by 2009 the sector was the largest employer of graduates from the humanities and social sciences. Private tutoring is not always effective in raising academic achievement; and in some schools students commonly skip classes or sleep through lessons because they are tired after excessive external study. This means that the shadow system can make regular schooling less efficient. Teachers who spend more time focusing on private lessons than regular classes can cause greater inefficiencies in the mainstream school system. Situations in which teachers provide extra private lessons for pupils for whom they are already responsible in the public system can lead to corruption, particularly when teachers deliberately teach less in their regular classes in order to promote the market for private lessons. Academic coaching is an evolution of mentoring applied to academics. Coaching involves a collaborative approach. Coaches try to help students learn how they best learn and how to operate in an academic environment. Tutors help students learn the material in individual courses while coaches help students learn how to be successful in school. In college, that includes such topics as: study skills, time management, stress management, effective reading, note-taking, test-taking, and understanding how to use a syllabus. Academic coaches meet with the student regularly throughout the semester. Coaches work with students in all kinds of situations, not just those who are struggling academically. Some highly motivated, high-achieving students will have a coach to improve their learning efficiency. Academic coaching also occurs to help students prepare for entrance exams to gain entry to schools or universities. Tutoring may even be used for the whole application process to university. Academic coaching is a huge industry in Asia. For example, in India, a majority of students be it of any class or stream, visit a coaching center or a "study circle.

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