![Mezi péčí a prací: diskriminace na trhu práce a jak se jí bránit](/api/image/getgrayliteraturecoverimage?id=document_cover-page-image_766149.jpg)
We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.
Change is on its way and is coming fastly. It is the responsibility of today's leaders to be able to see and manage such a change and use it for sustainable success. While the pressures on the necessity of change and transformation are increasing on today's organizations, the main task of leaders in such environments is to develop the individual skills, competencies and methods necessary to maintain the competitive advantage of their organizations. In this context, change and transformation are inevitable in order to break the traditional industry rules, to have a strong presence in new markets, and to turn to new products and services with an innovative approach. Digital leadership is of great importance for this process effectiveness. Digital leadership can be defined as creating an innovative vision by using technology effectively in managerial processes to create a sustainable culture of change in the organization. The main goal of digital leaders can be stated as realizing digital transformation and enabling businesses to maximize their potential in the digital environment. In order to achieve this goal, digital leaders need to adopt a collaborative and agile approach as well as digital literacy and an innovative vision.
More...
Hangi gelişmişlik düzeyinde olursa olsun tüm ülkelerin en önemli hedefi ekonomik kalkınmayı değişen her çağda sağlayabilmektir. Toplumların refahının sırrı, o toplumu oluşturan bireylerin mutluluğundan geçmektedir. O halde değişimin, gelişimin özünde ve tam da merkezinde insan vardır. İnsan, üretim yapısının olmazsa olmazı ve işgücü piyasalarının şekillendiricisidir. Bireylerin, hızla dijitalleşen günümüz dünyasına uyum sağlamaları, yeni nesil öğrenme metotlarını tatbik etmelerinden geçer elbette ancak bu uyumun kendi kendine sağlanması beklenmemelidir. Bu anlamda fırsat eşitliğini de gözetecek şekilde eğitim politikaları tasarlanmalıdır.
More...
In this study, we investigated the impacts of human capital and public expenditures on economic complexity. For this aim, Dumitrescu and Hurlin (2012) causality test was used. We used the data of 6 countries (Denmark, Finland, Austria, Italy, Sweden, England) among 15 European Union countries and the years from 2000 to 2015. In the study, 2 variables were preferred as the human capital indicator. Considering the secondary school enrollment rate to represent human capital, a bidirectional causality relationship was found between economic complexity and human capital. When the he ratio of highly educated labor force was applied to represent human capital, one-way causality from educated labor force to economic complexity was determined. Similarly, two variables were used to analyze the effect of government expenditures on economic complexity. The first one is the sum of government education and health expenditures. The second variable is total government expenditure. Results of the analysis showed that there is a one-way causality running from government expenditure to economic complexity for both variables. As a conclusion, it is seen that knowledge and education are important in exporting complex products. In addition, it can also be stated that authorities can contribute to economic complexity by increasing public expenditures. In sum, policies implemented in order to encourage human capital and increase public expenditures may positively affect the production and export of technology and knowledge-intensive products.
More...
It is thought that it is important to consider social capital in terms of business organizations that play an important role in the economic system. In this study, social capital, which is a multidisciplinary concept, is discussed in terms of business organizations, and conceptual information is presented. The core thesis of social capital is that "relationships are important" and social networks are a valuable asset". Since it is very difficult to imitate and transfer the social capital that is formed through the relations between individuals, groups, and organizations, it can be said that it will give organizations a competitive advantage. In addition to the skills needed in business life, social networks and relationships are also important. As a result of the literature research, it is seen that social capital increases job satisfaction, organizational commitment, motivation, and job engagement. However, social capital has been determined to have benefits for individuals, societies, and countries, such as reducing the business concerns of young people, providing advantages for women entrepreneurs, preventing the spread of the virus during the COVID-19 period, increasing life satisfaction and quality of life, having a positive impact on the health status of individuals, and having positive effects on the economic development of countries. The benefits of social capital in terms of individuals, organizations, and countries reveal the importance of this concept. Increasing the studies on this subject can contribute to the literature and practitioners' knowledge, especially since the benefits it provides organizations give them a competitive advantage.
More...
Organizations strive to overcome the challenges that arise at every step in order to compete successfully in today's globalizing business world. The ability of organizations to overcome these uncalculated challenges depends on their ability to use all their resources effectively and efficiently. Human resource is a valuable resource that enables the organization to achieve its goals by maximizing efficiency and productivity. In this context, the quality of the relationship between employees and the organization emerges as a very important issue for both parties. In this section, first of all, the concept of organizational support, which explains the relations between employees and the organization, and the characteristics of organizational support are discussed. Then, the Reciprocity Norm, Social Exchange Theory, Organizational Support Theory, Leader-Member Exchange Theory, and ERG Theory, which constitute the theoretical foundations of organizational support, are explained. Finally, the factors affecting organizational support (personality characteristics, demographic characteristics, organizational justice, supervisor support, human resources practices and job conditions) and the results of organizational support (organizational commitment, work engagement, organizational trust, organizational citizenship behavior, job performance, withdrawal behavior, job satisfaction and positive emotions, job stress) are discussed.
More...
Adapting to information and communication technologies not only provides organizations with maximum efficiency, effectiveness and productivity, but also causes stress by creating pressure on individuals due to reasons such as excessive technology dependency, increased workload, high production demand and the need to constantly adapt to new technology applications and workflows (Srivastava). et al., 2015). This type of stress emerges as a toxic phenomenon and is defined as “technostress” (Boyer-Davis, 2018). Today, it is out of question to stay away from or refuse to use information and communication technologies. It is an inevitable fact that information and communication technologies, which are frequently used in society, sometimes create stress. Therefore, such a situation reduces the quality of life of individuals, causes various health problems and creates negative individual and organizational results. The effects of technostress at the psychological and physical level have been revealed by various studies. When the relevant literature is examined, it has been determined that technostress has negative effects on the productivity, job satisfaction, performance and belonging of the employees (Alam, 2016; Fuglseth & Sørebø, 2014), at the same time they experience burnout due to technostress and they have intention to quit (Ragu-Nathan et al. ., 2008). In addition, it is stated that physiological health problems such as excessive nervousness, headache, sleep problems, cardiovascular disorders are also associated with technostress in the workplace (Chen, 2015). In this chapter; The concept of stress and technology connection, the concept of technostress, the effects and symptoms of technostress and the factors affecting technostress, technostress models, technostress dimensions, technostress management, technostress reducing situations and the results of technostress will be discussed.
More...
Favoritism is an unethical practice that is frequently encountered in institutions both in developed and developing countries. Organizational favoritism, on the other hand, is a general nomenclature given to the situation where a person or group is given privilege or advantage over others, even though it is not related to performance or competence. Favoritism can occur in different forms depending on the relationship between the individual or the organization that benefits from the favoritism. Regardless of their type, when considered at the organizational level, these privileges can cause usurpation of the rights of other employees, imbalance, injustice and unjustness among people; it can negatively affect the efficiency and effectiveness of the organization. In this context, the concept of favoritism has been first explained in the study; then, types of favoritism are discussed in two main groups as human favoritism and political favoritism. Although there are different classifications in the literature, human favoritism is handled as i- nepotism, ii- chronism, iii- tribalism and iv- compatriotism; political favoritism is handled i- patronage, ii- clientalism and iii- service favoritism within the scope of this study. Finally, the last 20 years' studies over the concept of favoritism are evaluated as content analysis, and the result obtained in the light of all these are evaluated in the study.
More...
An increasing interest in the concept of time perspective, describing particular time horizons, is observed in organizational behaviour literature. Decision making in lives and careers of individuals is not only contingent upon what takes place in the present but also on how one feels about the past and one’s hopes for the future. However, when it comes to time perspective and career decision making, occupational psychology has focused particularly on future time perspective. A core construct in the socio-emotional selectivity theory, future time perspective refers to individuals’ perceptions of their remaining time and opportunity in life. Occupational future time perspective concept originates from research in the lifespan developmental literature on the future time perspective. Occupational future time perspective means that employees’ perceptions of their future in the employment context. Results of researches show that, in addition to its strong negative relationship with age, occupational future time perspective is also associated with other individual (e.g., personality traits) and contextual variables (e.g., job characteristics). Moreover, occupational future time perspective has been determined to mediate and moderate relationships of individual and contextual antecedents with occupational well-being, motivational and behavioural outcomes. This study investigated occupational future time perspective in work organizations. It is thought that the study will contribute to the organizational behaviour and human resources management knowledge base.
More...
This study aims to analyse the job satisfaction of older employees in Europe from the perspective of gender differences. The relationship between job satisfaction and various factors such as job characteristics, work environment, employees’ characteristics is of interest for human resource management in successful organizations. Previous studies on gender gap paradox show that women are more satisfied than men, even when controlling for job and personal characteristics. However, this phenomenon varies in time and among countries. The effects of several determinant factors on job satisfaction are estimated using ordinal logistic regression model applied on data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). The comparative analysis by gender for ordered logistic regression estimations allows to identify several differences in assessing the impact of working environment on job satisfaction for men and women. The findings of this study are discussed both from a theoretical and a practical perspective.
More...
From its inception to the present day, Industrial relations are constantly undergoing changes caused both by changes and the development of technology and the organization of work. The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the uptake and use of digitization opportunities even faster, covering almost all spheres of work. Digitization, on the one hand, creates opportunities related to the creation of new technologies and organizational processes, but on the other hand, in terms of employment, it creates uncertainty and a threat to rental capital, specifically in relation to the production, distribution and consumption of labor. The accelerated implementation of digitization is a challenge for industrial relations because it puts pressure on labor and places a number of priorities for resolution in the field of labor law, insurance and health and safety at work.
More...
This report highlights the financial frauds and crimes committed as a result of misappropriation of income of the staff. The objective of the report is to describe, characterise and analyze the main types of financial frauds and crimes related to material irregularities, deviations and non-conformities in income of the staff performed by the enterprises by presenting the specific approaches of the independent financial audit to the timely identification and prevention of such financial frauds and crimes. The object of this study refers to the main types of income of the staff -related financial frauds and crimes and the disclosure of such transactions in the enterprises’ financial statements. The subject of the study covers the analysis of the abilities of the certified public accountants – registered auditors who carry out independent financial audit to identify and prevent income of the staff -related financial frauds and crimes committed by the enterprises.
More...
Todor Kableshkov University of Transport has 100 years since its foundation. In its history it has built a tradition of support and constant contact with current and former alumni. UT works in line with EC policies on quality of vocational education and social protection of students, trainees, PhD students and partners. Challenges are in relation to the European Pillar of Social Rights - 2030 Action Plan: access to qualifications, digitalization, safety, integration and employment support.
More...
The relevance of the topic of the report is indisputable. We live in difficult times – the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic, the war in Ukraine, natural disasters that have led to reversals in human development. In overcoming the consequences of these cataclysms, countries do differently in their development. Since 1989, the United Nations has examined the level of this development through a scale of high, medium and low human development, on which it calculates a Human Development Index (UNDP) based on three indicators: life expectancy, education and income level, and ranks countries according to the results obtained in the three categories. At that time, Bulgaria occupied the 24th place, and in the 2021 ranking – the "prestigious" 68th. More fundamentally, we will dwell on the role of education, trying to answer an important question: why are we lagging behind in the age of technology?
More...
Real-world problems need complex systems to be understood. In this context, interdisciplinary has proved a reliable approach to tackle complexity. Combining multiple disciplines means covering multiple aspects of a certain issue. Furthermore, interdisciplinarity in social sciences helps tackling the most common limitations such as nonlinearities and co-evolution. The IRsmart project, combines multiple perspectives and diverse expertise to delve into the nexus among smart-working, industrial relations and smart cities. The main outcome of the project was to deliver a comprehensive picture on those issues benefiting from a consortium of 5 EU countries and gathering universities, research centers and trade unions. IRsmart represents a concrete instance of interdisciplinarity applied to real-world issues.
More...
This chapter assesses the quality of life in the Republic of Moldova, identifying key challenges and proposing solutions to improve living conditions. It discusses the significant decline in quality of life indicators, such as disposable income, consumer spending, poverty levels, and demographic trends. The research highlights the disparity between urban and rural areas, the impact of economic recessions, and social issues such as health, education, and environmental quality. The authors propose comprehensive measures to enhance income, labor remuneration, pension security, access to quality education, environmental protection, healthcare, and overall living standards.
More...
This chapter, authored by Loris Benassi, Filip Sinković, and Dario Novak, investigates the interest of high school students towards sports based on their sporting experience. The study highlights the significant developmental changes during adolescence and the influence of social, technological, and educational factors on students' engagement in sports. The authors emphasize the positive effects of sports on health and socio-emotional development, while also addressing the high dropout rates from sports activities among high school students. The research aims to determine the differences in interest towards various sports based on students' previous sporting experience and provides insights into effective measures to promote sports participation among adolescents.
More...
The paper „Climate Change and Bulgarian Business – Responses and Challenges“ examines the interaction between climate change and the attitudes of consumers that drive business in Bulgaria and the European Union as a whole. It explores the attitudes of consumers aged 15-35 towards companies‘ policies to combat climate change and compares their engagement with companies‘ actions and outlines potential solutions for businesses to remain competitive. The research methodology includes a survey of 314 respondents and a review of available information related to actions , The results presented are part of a broader study related to the author‘s dissertation and present the attitudes of young people towards climate change and the response of companies in Bulgaria. Recommendations for business are presented, such as the need for better cooperation with the NGO sector and stakeholders, concrete and clear communication of actions by companies related to the fight against climate change, etc.
More...