CEEOL - Browse Subjects Result

We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.

Criza identitară din Republica Moldova în contextul globalizării

Author(s): Lucia Sava / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Identitatea naţională se formează în epoca naţionalismului, atunci când societăţile s-au organizat conform principiului naţional. Procesul a fost cu certitudine dirijat de autorităţi, după ce au luat naştere pe parcurs instituţiile naţionale. Din acel moment limbii şi culturii majorităţii, tradiţiilor şi istoriei naţionale li se acordă un loc central. Rezultatul final al unui proces reuşit de construcţie naţională este, printre altele, crearea identităţii naţionale.

More...

Obszary ryzyka w działalności małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw w Polsce

Author(s): Robert Dankiewicz / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The occurrence of risk in economic activity is a natural phenomenon that requires management aimed at limiting the impact of risk materialization on the situation of enterprises. This phenomenon refers also to small and medium-sized enterprises, which are an extremely key element for the economy both in terms of the number of such entities, their role in generating new jobs, but also the added value. Unfortunately, the problem of risk identification and management in SME companies is at a much lower level than in the case of large entities. Therefore,in the case of small and medium-sized enterprises it seems crucial to have a proper approach to risk identification and management, especially in times of intensive changes in the environment, which in turn may provide an opportunity for new areas of risk to appear. Studies have shown that entrepreneurs are slowly increasing their awareness of the possibility of the occurrence of various types of risk and their consequences, but this increase is often selective. However, this is the basis for the development of appropriate mechanisms and procedures that will allow to conduct business effectively and safely in a changing, often unpredictable environment in the future. The purpose of the study is an attempt to identify and assessthe various areas of risk encountered in the small and medium-sized enterprise sector and their importance.

More...

Integracja ubezpieczeń środowiskowych i systemów zarządzania środowiskowego według ISO 14001 – raport z badań

Author(s): Malwina Lemkowska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article is a summary of research on the actual and potential integration of environmental insurance and ISO 14001 environmental management systems (EMSs) in Poland. The aim ofthe research is to analyze the relationship of the above-mentioned instruments of environmental risk management and to identify the factors determining the propensity of enterprises to implement such elements of the system that will increase the usefulness of ISO 14001 standards for insurance purposes in the future. The data for the study were obtained through an asynchronous group interview conducted on the Bulletin Board platform among insurance sector experts and through a survey of organizations that implemented the ISO 14001 system in Poland. Template analysis of qualitative data, supported by narrative techniques and statistical analysis based on the chi-square test of independence, U Mann–Whitney test, Kruskal–Wallistest, Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient were used to interpret the data. Environmental management systems according to ISO 14001 are not, in their current form, used in the process of providing insurance cover for environmental risk. Organizations managed according to ISO14001 rarely design and implement solutions useful to insurers. The latter, however, are statistically significantly correlated with the awareness attributes of the organization. Awareness attributes were also strongly related with the variables describing the propensity to implement additional – useful for insurance purposes – EMSs elements. The strongest motivators for the above, however, were of a non-insurance nature (e.g. obtaining tax credit).

More...

STRATEGIC SEALIFT CAPABILITIES: THE SPECIAL CASE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Author(s): Florin DIACONU / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Along several millennia, sealift capabilities have played a significant role in shaping the political international arena, and the global strategic landscape. We cannot imagine, for example, a fully operational Roman Empire without a massive set of sealift capabilities, able to deploy large armies anywhere around the Mediterranean, and to bring huge amounts of Egyptian grain to Rome. The study is briefly exploring some pivotal moments in global history when sealift has been massively present; and then it explores, with some details, the present situation of the US strategic sealift capabilities. As far as we know, the ability of the United States to use, in case of need, fully effective strategic sealift is clearly facing important problems and shortages, and this feature of the US national power might generate a lot of problems in many future scenarios, massively impacting strategic evolutions on the World Ocean, in Europe, and mainly in the Asia-Pacific

More...

Наказателноправна уредба на шпионажа в Китай

Author(s): Anton Mihaylov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The report examines the People's Republic of China's (PRC) new espionage legislation. Attention is paid to the Criminal Code of the PRC, but also to the new Counterespionage Law of 2023, which seriously strengthens the legal measures to protect the security of the PRC. Views are provided on the legal approaches used in China, as well as the degree of risk to foreign persons and entities wishing to conduct business services in that country or employ Chinese nationals in light of possible espionage charges. At the legislative level, measures have been introduced to hinder the activities of foreign intelligence services and to protect state secrets of the PRC, but this creates risks for the normal business activities of foreign companies in PRC.

More...

Участие на населението в доброволни формирования за защита при бедствия

Author(s): Daniela Baleva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The report presents the activity of the volunteer formations for disaster protection. The types of volunteers and the specifics of their use are examined. The results of a survey of the disposition of the population towards participating in volunteer formations for disaster protection in municipalities. The activities that the participants in the survey would like to perform, the stimuli, that would potentially increase the participation of the population in such formations and the potential reasons for its limited participation are presented.

More...

Влиянието на миграционните процеси върху социеталната сигурност в Европа

Author(s): Elislav Ivanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The report analyzes the rapidly developing processes in the changed geostrategic environment, which with the beginning of the new century are being activated, changing and emerging as increasingly contradictory. The ever-increasing geopolitical contradictions, both in the global and regional aspects, which pose a threat to the Bulgarian geo space, are investigated. These processes also affect Bulgaria, as a participant in the international security system. For this reason, clarifying their genesis, driving forces and motives would help to build an adequate vision and behavior of the country in an increasingly complicated geopolitical and geostrategic situation. Constantly increasing security threats, risks and challenges have a significant impact on societal security, which is directly dependent on the development of the war in Ukraine and migration processes in Europe.

More...

Стратегическо значение на Република България – проблеми и предизвикателства

Author(s): Kiril Ivanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Bulgaria occupies a strategic territory playing an important role in the formation of world politics. The challenges arising from this fact outweigh the advantages. Imperial interests intersecting on the territory of the Republic of Bulgaria, both now and in history, is forced to wage a constant struggle for independence and sovereignty. The post-socialist period allowed the emergence of organized crime, which subsequently grew into international organized criminal groups, the influence of which continues to grow to this day. The positions that the Republic of Bulgaria occupies in the international rankings related to economic indicators, corruption, demography, crime, etc., show that the society is experiencing enormous difficulties in the transition to a Parliamentary Republic and the building of democratic traditions.

More...

Вземане на стратегически решения в националната сигурност

Author(s): Maxim Minkov Alashki / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The essence, genesis and some of the main characteristics and elements of the strategic (political) decision and its place in the National Security Protection System of the Republic of Bulgaria are ex-amined, as well as what are the decision-making factors. The decision-making process is particularly detailed, and the decision-making model is illustrated in an appropriate schematic way.

More...

Афганистанският национален фронт за съпротива – единствената реална опозиция срещу управлението на талибаните

Author(s): Miroslav Mirchev / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The report examines issues related to the establishment and activities of the National Resistance Front (NFS) in Afghanistan. The organizational structure, leadership and ideological platform of the NFS are indicated, as well as the forms of resistance to the rule of the Taliban Movement (TM). The reasons why the NFS is currently the only opposition force opposing Taliban rule are analyzed as well. The report focuses on the Taliban operations in the north-eastern Afghan provinces against NFS forces, with a focus on Panjshir province.

More...

Роля на институционалното образование, алтернативните образователни форми и самоподготовката на обучаемите в системата за национална сигурност

Author(s): Stoyan Cherveniakov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The system of generally speaking “standard” and additional or “alternative” education (training), and the form of self-training characteristic of the armed forces, form a complex result necessary for building, maintaining and developing over time the capabilities of the troops and forces with a direct impact on national security. The concept of national security is extremely broad, which is why the current development emphasizes on the specific role of training and especially on the self-training of the personnel. Deduced is the dependence between the level of education and the results in the quality of activity of the systems, and hence the overall level of preparation.

More...

Thoughts in Cultural Awareness, Communication Skills and Vocabulary for International and China Focused Business Deals and Exchanges in the Contexts of a Complex Global System and the Belt and Road Initiative: Personal Statements by ECUPL Students

Author(s): Asen Velinov / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Global business and other activities of Chinese enterprises and stakeholders have been increasing in number, variety and significance – against the backdrop of the crucial importance and attractiveness of the Chinese market for MNCs and new actors from BRI countries, and overall ever more interconnected and complex global environment (further complicated by the pandemic and various other developments in the past years) and also influenced by landmark initiatives such as 17+1 (which constantly evolved) and the Belt and Road – of high importance to China but somewhat of a mystery to non-Chinese stakeholders. Communicating internationally in English in ways that achieve intended objectives is crucial but often affected by the widespread use of cliches and expressions that are not optimized to “speak” to the intended audience. Beyond examples from my practice, Chinese publications in English and foreign publications about Chinese business activity and the Belt and Road Initiative and identifying key differences between them, the negative outcomes they lead to, pointing out some communication and culture gaps and propose some solutions, I also look at straightforward primary examples – the Personal Statements prepared by over 200 ECUPL seniors. Global business and other activities of Chinese enterprises and stakeholders have been increasing in number, variety and significance – against the backdrop of the crucial importance and attractiveness of the Chinese market for MNCs and new actors from BRI countries, and overall ever more interconnected and complex global environment (further complicated by the pandemic and various other developments in the past years) and also influenced by landmark initiatives such as 17+1 (which constantly evolved) and the Belt and Road – of high importance to China but somewhat of a mystery to non-Chinese stakeholders. Communicating internationally in English in ways that achieve intended objectives is crucial but often affected by the widespread use of cliches and expressions that are not optimized to “speak” to the intended audience. Beyond examples from my practice, Chinese publications in English and foreign publications about Chinese business activity and the Belt and Road Initiative and identifying key differences between them, the negative outcomes they lead to, pointing out some communication and culture gaps and propose some solutions, I also look at straightforward primary examples – the Personal Statements prepared by over 200 ECUPL seniors.

More...

Polityka rachunkowości w zakresie ładu korporacyjnego zrównoważonego rozwoju

Author(s): Joanna Błażyńska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Corporate governance describes the principles, relationships and processes under which an entity is managed and its management bodies are controlled. The aim of the chapter is to assess the accounting policies of listed companies from the point of view of their compliance with good corporate governance practices for sustainable development. Using the source analysis method, the essence and legal basis for shaping corporate governance policy are presented. During the empirical study, five main thematic areas of non-application of corporate governance principles by companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange in the WIG-ESG index were identified: (1) diversity policy towards the management board and the supervisory board, (2) reporting of ESG areas, (3) organization of the general meeting meetings, (4) remuneration of the supervisory board and managerial shares, (5) organization of internal audit.

More...

Подкрепа на Украйна и приносът на България в актуалната стратегическа рамка на НАТО

Author(s): Georgi Stoichkov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The report presents the changes in the military-political environment and the emergence of new threats to the North Atlantic alliance that have not existed since the Cold War. It examines NATO’s position on the conflict in Ukraine and the possibility of comprehensive assistance to the country, NATO’s response to the threat, position of Bulgaria. The existing options and order for Ukraine’s accession to the Alliance are discussed. The support provided by Bulgaria, as a member of NATO, through its military-industrial complexes.

More...

Strategie firm w obliczu sankcji nałożonych na Rosję

Author(s): Beata Stępień,Szymon Truskolaski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Purpose: In this chapter, we analyse how companies responded to sanctions imposed on Russia after its invasion of Ukraine. We examine the impact of selected external (public-legal pressure, the size of sanctions and crisis caused by the war) and internal factors (strategic agility, code of ethics and sustainable conduct) on the degree of compliance with sanctions and the type of adaptation strategies adopted. Design/methodology/approach: The objects of the study are medium-sized companies from countries that have imposed sanctions (here, Poland, Germany and the US). The results come from an electronic questionnaire survey conducted in 2023 among 610 medium-sized companies operating in industries directly or indirectly affected by trade restrictions. Findings: The company’s code of ethics and the perceived severity of the crisis have the greatest impacton the approach to sanctions and respective adaptation strategies. At the same time, external and internal pressure affect companies in opposite directions, with consequences for their adaptation strategies.

More...

Авторскоправна закрила на традиционните културни изрази

Author(s): Polina Stoyanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Traditional cultural expressions represent the "living" cultural heritage of humanity, which is passed down from generation to generation. The study analyzes the scope of the concept of "traditional cultural expressions" in the context of the contemporary international framework of WIPO and UNESCO. The copyright protection of traditional cultural expressions according to the main international treaties and the Bulgarian Copyright and Neighbouring Rights Actis considered. The object of the research is traditional cultural expressions. The subject of the study is the copyright protection of traditional cultural expressions. The author's goal is to present the copyright protection of traditional cultural expressions as an opportunity for economic realization in the creative and cultural industries.

More...

Относно задължението на държавата за осигуряване на основното право на свободно предвижване

Author(s): Vasil Iliev / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The article will examine the issue of the basic obligation of the state to ensure the basic right of free movement regulated in Art. 35, paragraph 1 of the CRC in the application of Art. 162 RTL. A review of the practice of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Bulgaria regarding the provision of the right to free movement will be carried out. In conclusion, a reasoned conclusion will be reached, does it contradict Art. 162 RTL of the Constitution of the Republic of Bulgaria. The question will be raised regarding the need for de lege ferenda of Art. 162 RTL in the part in which it covers the application to Bulgarian citizens with a foreign national license to drive a motor vehicle, issued by a country that is not a member of the European Union, or by another state party to the Agreement on the European Economic Area, or from the Swiss Confederation.

More...