Майнонгианството и онтология на математиката

Author(s): Boris Nikolov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2020

The aim of the present paper is to present the ontology of mathematical objects using the Meinongianism. Exactly in this framework we can accept abstract objects as non-existing, which are an object of knowledge, because they bear properties. We can apply these facts on mathematical objects, which are а type of abstract objects. So we can talk about non-existing math objects instead of their existence. I will use the dilemma of Benacerraf to prove the consequences of this acceptance of math objects as existing. But there is one deficiency of them being non-existing objects. First I will review the approach in the ontology and in the abstract objects. The next step will be to apply Maiong`s method to ontology of math objects and to demonstrate its strengths and weaknesses. And accordingly to the results, how far can we use this decision of the problem of abstract objects and special to math objects.

The Phenomenon of Match-Fixing in Football

Author(s): Korneliya Naydenova / Language(s): English Issue: 4s/2021

One aspect of the security of sport, which is rarely considered by the organizers of sports events, concerns the different manifestations of match-fixing. The match-fixing of the result of a sports event or any component of it contradicts the established norms and values of the sporting competition, drawn up at the end of the XIX century by Baron Pierre de Coubertin and known as Olympism. Today, match-fixing is one of the phenomena in modern sport. Advertising, publicity, profit largely regulate relations in professional sport, and in full force, this applies to football as the most popular sport in the world. If we look at what has been said so far through the prism of Bulgarian football, it is enough to look at the Bulgarian football championships, whose official sponsor is an online betting company at sporting events and the first football league is named after this company. This same company has sponsorship relations with more than 10football clubs, and to them we can add the volleyball and basketball federations, as well as some of the brightest representatives of these federations. Noticing this trend of business entering the sport, we set out to explore the opinion of players and their coaches about the manifestation of the phenomenon of match-fixing in Bulgarian football. The results of the survey show the existence of match-fixing at both professional and amateur level and allow us to indicate some steps to prevent such non-sporting techniques from winning.

Students’ Perceptions of the Effectiveness of Online Distance Language Teaching in Higher Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Author(s): Elena Somova,Denitza Charkova / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2021

The present study examined the relation between students’ preferred mode of learning (online, face-to-face, and hybrid) and their opinions about the effectiveness of an online distance learning English language course under the circumstances of the COVID-19 pandemic. The students favoring online distance learning constituted a significantly smaller proportion of the group versus those in favor of face-to-face instruction (p = 0.004). A significant relation was established between the students’ preferred mode of education and their opinions about the course effectiveness (p < 0.001). The students whose preferred form of education was compatible with online distance learning rated the course effectiveness at 93%, those favoring face-to-face education at 58%, and the supporters of hybrid education at 81%. Students’ comments and suggestions for the teaching practice in the post epidemic time are discussed.

Media Content Analysis on School Violence and Aggression in Bulgaria

Author(s): Vera Zaharieva / Language(s): English Issue: 4s/2021

This research offers a review of the online news content in Bulgaria, related to school aggression, violence, and sports initiatives tackling those behavioral problems. The aim is to provide an understanding of the phenomenon and the societal attitude towards its dimensions and possible solutions through sport. A media content analysis of online articles, dated January 2019 – April 2020, was used as a research methodology. Thirty-three articles on aggression and violence in school were reviewed, based on their frequency, timeline, place of publication, topics, and spokesperson. For the same time period, sixteen articles related to dealing with aggression through sport were reported. The results show that most of the media content on violence and aggression among students was related to raw statistical data and reports of cases. A relatively small section in the news was dedicated to opinion articles. It was observed that those who witness cases of aggression do not understand the seriousness of the situation and see it as entertainment. As a result, a major part of the video content, related to aggression, is being uploaded on the Internet by students and parents. However, the public focus is mainly shifted towards the school authorities and the figure of the teacher. At the same time, aggression in schools is spread among all students. It has a constant value and is provoked by numerous factors. On the contrary, initiatives and events aiming to disseminate information and to reduce aggression through sport were organized in many Bulgarian cities by nonprofit organizations, municipalities, and schools. The majority of events were organized as a part of European or national projects. It is suggested a more centralized national approach towards reducing aggression through different sports activities in school.

Минало и настояще на българистиката в Белградския университет

Author(s): Ivana Davitkov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2021

This article aims to outline the main stages in the development of Bulgarian studies at the University of Belgrade, as well as to describe its current state, without claiming to be exhaustive. The first stage of the development of the specialty could rather be considered a preparatory stage in the development of Bulgarian studies as we know it today. The second stage is marked by the scientific work of Marin Mladenov and the development of mainly literary Bulgarian studies. In the third stage, the emphasis is placed on the linguistic Bulgarian studies by Mariana Aleksic, as the teaching staff expands. Today, the Faculty of Philology at the University of Belgrade is the only place in Serbia where Bulgarian studies exist as a separate specialty within the Department of Serbian with South Slavic Languages. The Bulgarian language is also studied as an elective discipline (two-semester and four-semester), and almost all Bulgarian disciplines can be studied as electives by students from other specialties. It could be said that Belgrade Bulgarian studies today strive to soon achieve the much-needed balance in the presence of specialists in the field of literature and language.

Падежни остатъци при българските фразеологизми

Author(s): Nemanja Jovanović / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2021

This article analyzes the case remnants in Bulgarian phrasemes. As a source we used Nov frazeologichen rechnik na balgarskiya ezik (1993) by Keti Ankova-Nicheva. Where possible, a comparison has been made with phrasemes in Russian, Serbian, Old Bulgarian and Church Slavonic, which are taken from phraseological dictionaries of the respective languages. The origin of some case forms has been studied. The methods of definitional, component and comparative analysis with Slavic synthetic languages are used. The analysis of the material shows that under the influence of the Church Slavonic language, most of the phraseologies that have retained case forms belong to the sphere of religion.

Браничевското владение на братята Дърман и Куделин

Author(s): Tervel Popov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2021

In 1273 or about 1280 the brothers Darman and Kudelin, nobles of Bulgarian-Kuman origin, take over the Branichevo region from the Hungarian Kingdom. Their small principality very soon became stronger. Darman and Kudelin paid little attention to their neighbours due to their strong army, numerous mercenaries and strong fortresses. On several occasions the brothers defeated and fought off Hungarians and also beat the Hungarian vassal Stephan Dragutin. When however their enemies united their forces the two Branichevo nobles could not stand their enemy offensive and sought refuge in the North of the Danube. The fall of the Branichevo principality represented a loss not only for Darman and Kudelin but also for Bulgaria due to the fact that for centuries Bulgarian Tsardom had ruled over the Branichevo region.

Шелинг – от логос към мит

Author(s): Iliana Ilieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2021

This article aims to analyze the beginning of the transition from logos to myth. To incorporate the religious into his Enlightenment philosophical system, Schelling presents a reconstruction of myth. The conceptions of the religious consciousness of the Self from antiquity as presented. The myth embodies cultural reality and the history of self-consciousness, an idea that was later considered by Mircea Eliade. Myths evolve in parallel with human evolution. The need for the development of abstract thinking and the complex social environment presuppose the new mythology. Christianity in history appears as part of the mechanism of human development, which generally symbolizes the transition from mythology to Christianity. Theology must abstract mythologies from the purely divine, but together they participate in the formation of human consciousness.

A Discriminative Ontology for Future Selves

Author(s): Juraj Odorčák / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2021

The article presents a critique of the commonly held assumption about the practical advantage of endurantism over perdurantism regarding the problem of future-directed self-concern of a person. The future-directed self-concern of a person crucially depends on the possibility of the right differentiation of diverging futures of distinct persons, therefore any theory of persistence that does not entail a special non-branching relation of a person to only their future self seems to be counterintuitive or unrealistic for practical purposes of personal persistence. I argue that this pragmatic rationale about future-directed self-concern is equally challenging for both theories of persistence. Moreover, I indicate, that both of these theories fall and stand on the practical feasibility of hidden ontological presuppositions about specific second-order notions of concerns of persons for their future.

Questioning the Role of Moral AI as an Adviser within the Framework of Trustworthiness Ethics

Author(s): Silviya Serafimova / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2021

The main objective of this article is to demonstrate why despite the growing interest in justifying AI’s trustworthiness, one can argue for AI’s reliability. By analyzing why trustworthiness ethics in Nickel’s sense provides some well-grounded hints for rethinking the rational, affective and normative accounts of trust in respect to AI, I examine some concerns about the trustworthiness of Savulescu and Maslen’s model of moral AI as an adviser. Specifically, I tackle one of its exemplifications regarding Klincewicz’s hypothetical scenario of John which is refracted through the lens of the HLEG’s fifth requirement of trustworthy artificial intelligence (TAI), namely, that of Diversity, non-discrimination and fairness.

Концептуализирането на художника в артист: иновации, игри и импровизации

Author(s): Todor Yalamov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2021

The paper problematizes the work and evolution of a Bulgarian artist from the point of view of the biographical approach, his artistic interventions and his re-legitimization as a contemporary artist. It discusses various aspects of contemporary art from the point of view of the artist, his interventions, market demands, the underlying contradictions, as well as the transformative tendencies in the small graphics. The paper argues that it is necessary to expand the understanding of contemporary art with certain actions of artists.

The Corporal-oriented approach to Education: a Turn towards the Whole Person

Author(s): Svitlana Hanaba / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2021

Recent anthropological studies consider the corporal experience as an indispensable attribute of a person’s life world. They declare to go beyond the dichotomy of body and mind and present a modern person as a complex integrity of all systems and characteristics of a living organism. Body and mind are a union of vitality with different forms of their manifestation. The corporal is not regarded as an essential complement to the mental, the corporal is the mental, just in a different form of its manifestation. The implementation of a methodological turn from a rational-cognitive approach to a holistic understanding of human nature and the peculiarities of cognitive processes outlines the problem of education transformation in both theoretical and practical terms. Taking into account the complexity and multiplicity of tasks in solving this problem, the guideline in defining conceptual ideas is the understanding of a person as a multi-temporal being who lives simultaneously in multiple hierarchical levels, ontological time and the scale of processes. It is a question of necessity to construct educational activity in semantic planes: mind-body-culture, mind-body-activity, body-consciousness-reaction and others.

Сведения за българската история през IX – XI в., отразени в Руския хронограф

Author(s): Denitsa Petrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2021

Object of the present research is the Russian chronograph, an extensive chronicle in which the history of the Slavs is described as part of the world. The information about the Bulgarians occupies an important place. The data about the Bulgarian history in the 9th – 11th c. is taken from Slavic translations of Byzantine chronicles and from some Russian historical works, most notably from the Bulgarian additions to the Manasses Chronicle. This article seeks to answer the question of how productive the Chronograph is as a historical source. Unpublished editions and copies of the Chronograph were also used for the purposes of the research. The method of comparative analysis shows that although some of the information is found in earlier Russian historical texts, different points of view are presented in the Russian chronograph. The chronograph contains rich information about Bulgarian history, part of which remains out of scientific interest. It is valuable for science and can be productively used as a source for Bulgarian medieval history.

Russian Propaganda During the First World War: Technologies and Forms

Author(s): Anna Volodymyrivna Hedo,Svitlana Liaskovska / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2021

The purpose of the article is to analyse the use of political propaganda methods employed by the Russian Empire before and during the First World War, in particular, on the Ukrainian lands, which became a direct theatre of military operations and a field of confrontation between intelligence and counterintelligence services of belligerent powers, which exercised manipulative influence upon great masses of population and implemented special technologies for the formation of public opinion. The research methodology is based on the principles of objectivity, systematicity, dialectics, historicism and interdisciplinarity. The study is grounded on problem chronological, institutional and historical methods, as well as social psychology methods, used in propaganda practices. Scientific novelty: on the basis of printed materials: brochures, First World War periodicals, published posters and woodcuts (lubki prints), as well as memoirs of people, involved in the organization of propaganda campaigns, certain objects, technologies and forms of propaganda, in particular, the involvement of intelligence officers of the Russian Imperial Army in manipulative technologies, were defined. The widespread use of propaganda and counter-propaganda by the states that were the main players of the First World War, became a kind of hallmark of that war. In Russia, unlike other states, there were no special bodies and no such bodies were created later to influence public opinion in their own, hostile or neutral states. The peculiarity of the propaganda of the Russian Empire was the use of mainly constructive (positive) propaganda aimed at neutralizing social conflicts within the state, uniting the population and the authorities and their joint struggle against the enemy. The ideas of Pan-Slavism and Neo-Slavism were actively applied in the international realm. They were aimed at the unity of the Slavic world under the auspices of Russia as the defender of the Slavic peoples and the Orthodox Christian faith. The use of destructive propaganda technologies was aimed at creating the image of the “enemy” and uniting patriotic forces against it. At the same time, Russia failed to offer Slavic peoples of the empire, in particular Ukrainians, to realize their political aspirations in resolving the national issue; it did not feel a change of mood and did not restructure the content of propaganda rhetoric, which eventually led to its defeat in the information and psychological space.

ГОДИШНО СЪДЪРЖАНИЕ

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 6/2021

ANNUAL CONTENTS

В НОВИТЕ БРОЕВЕ НА СПИСАНИЯТА НА ,,АЗ-БУКИ“ ЧЕТЕТЕ

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2021

Misvaluation: On the Bulgarian Verbs подценявам ‘Underestimate’ and надценявам ‘Overestimate’, their Semantic Structure and Translation into Russian

Author(s): Elena Yu. Ivanova,Alexandra Eremchenko / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2021

The article examines the semantic structure of the two Bulgarian verbs of misеvaluation, подценявам ‘underestimate’ and надценявам ‘overestimate’. Attention is drawn to the ambivalence of their position in the semantic typology of predicates, notably their features/traits stemming from the presence of an interpretive component. With reference to the Bulgarian National Corpus, the article outlines the most common options for filling the positions of the participants and the main contexts in which the verbs occur. Some issues in translation into Russian are shown, which exist despite the availability of full equivalents in the target language.

Многообразието на кирилицата в обучението по български като чужд

Author(s): Antonia Radkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2021

The focus of this article are the issues of teaching and acquiring Cyrillic alphabet. In the first part of the text a contrastive analysis of the Cyrillic and Latin alphabet is made. The second and third part are dealing respectively with reading and writing (manuscript and cursive handwriting and keyboarding).

Тактики и стратегии при превод на термини в български език (на фона на руски и сръбски език)

Author(s): Radostina Stoyanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2021

The article is devoted to the various tactics and strategies for translating scientific terminology into Bulgarian against the background of Russian and Serbian. Different tactics for the concept of translation strategy are presented. An analysis of a number of similar difficulties for all three Slavic languages, which could be encountered in the translation of terminological units, has been made.

Криворазбраните вероятности при тестове за наличие на зараза

Author(s): Margarita Lambova,Vanya Stoyanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2021

In the presentation, problems have been addressed in perception and popular delusions in the interpretation of information related to the level of confidence / uncertainty of tests by which the presence or absence of contamination is verified. The theoretical essence of the probabilities of a false positive and false negative result, as well as the level of confidence / uncertainty of the test results and on this basis there are assumptions about the perception of such information and possible misconceptions in its interpretation by society. Assumptions made are checked on the information based on a non-reporting survey. The results obtained reveal user difficulties in rationalizing and interpreting the data provided as well as when detecting logical links characteristic of such information