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Utjecaj stupnja gluhoće na kontrolu prozodijskih elemenata

Author(s): Luka Bonetti,Vlatka Utović,Adinda Dulčić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2008

The aim of this paper was to examine prosody in speech produced by deaf persons, and to determine whether there is connection between average hearing loss and control of certain prosodic feature (speech fundamental frequency, intonation, accent, pauses and speech rate). 12 prelingual deaf adolescents read testing material constructed to examine their control of selected prosodic features. In order to determine possible influence of pure tone average (PTA) on the observed prosodic features, the subjects were divided in two groups: subjects with PTA between 90 and 110 dB (N=8), and subjects with PTA above 110 dB (N=4). The differences between these groups were tested by using robust discriminant analysis. The results showed that the control of some prosodic features is related to PTA score - significant differences between groups of subjects were found in the ability to control the intonation, the use of pauses and the speech rate – which indicates that prosody is not uniformly affected in the category of deafness, but that some prosodic features remain preserved with lower degrees of deafness. On the other hand, the descriptive analysis showed substantial differences within groups, which indicates that some deaf persons with extremely high PTA score have potential to develop the same amount of control of some prosodic features as deaf persons with lower PTA score. Results of both descriptive and robust discriminant analysis indicate that PTA is not the measure sensitive enough to express the remaining ability of deaf persons to control prosody.

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Bibliografija časopisa «Hrvatska revija za rehabilitacijska istraživanja» 1996.-2006.

Author(s): Ivanka Šarić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2/2007

Časopis «Hrvatska revija za rehabilitacijska istraživanja « je pravni sljedbenik časopisa «Defektologija», koji je izlazio od 1965. do 1995. Novi naziv časopisa bolje se uklapa u suvremene trendove socijalne integracije i inkluzije osoba s poremećajima i teškoćama u razvoju. U časopisu se objavljuju znanstveni, stručni i pregledni radovi, sažeci doktorskih i magistarskih radova, prikazi knjiga, prijevodi bibliografije, informacije o znanstvenim i stručnim skupovima i drugo. Radi približavanja časopisa međunarodnoj znanstvenoj zajednici, sažeci čalanka su na engleskom jeziku, s tim da će uskoro biti i članci na engleskom jeziku. Radovi objavljeni u časopisu se referiraju u CSA Sociological Abstracts , CSA Linguistics & Language Behavior Abstracts , EMBASE / Excerpta ,HRČAK, PsychINFO, SCOPUS. Urednica časopisa je Daniela Bratković. Ukazala se potreba za sistematizacijom i klasifikacijom objavljenih radova , radi potrebe studenata , kako našeg tako i drugih srodnih fakulteta, prilikom izrade seminarskih i diplomskih radova. Rezultat je ova bibliografija koja obuhvaća sve priloge objavljene u časopisu od 1996. – 2006. Sastoji se od tri kazala: abecednog, stvarnog i predmetnog. U abecednom kazalu se nalaze svi autori poredani abecednim redom, te podaci relevantni za određeni prilog: prezime i ime autora, naslov priloga, godište, broj sveščića, godina i broj stranica.Redni broj priloga u abecednom kazalu služi kao šifra u stvarnom i predmetnom kazalu. Koautori su navedeni abcednim redom, bez numeracija ali s uputnicom na prvog autora. U stvarnom kazalu radovi su klasificirani prema standardnim vrstama oštećenja kojima se bavi edukacijsko-rehabilitacijska znanost. Predmetno kazalo sadrži predmetne odrednice ili ključne riječi svakog pojedinog priloga.

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Neka obilježja fonološke obrade prijevremeno rođenih osmogodišnjaka

Author(s): Zdravko Kolundžić,Vlado Drkulec / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2/2007

In this research we tried to determine the existence of differences in phonological processing between premature born children and children born on term at the end of the first year of their elementary school education. We also tried to determine the role of after-birth measurements - the age of gestation (GD), weight at birth (PM) and Apgar index – in prediction of processes of phonological elaboration. Two groups of children matched by age, sex, education of their mothers and school class they attend were studied: 34 children born before 37 weeks of gestation and 34 children born after 37 weeks of gestation (control group). Considering that the group of premature born children achieved significantly poorer results on every observed variable, it seems that premature birth carries the risk of developing problems in phonological processing. The regression analysis showed that after-birth measurements are predictive to skills examined in this research. These results, which are in concordance with the results of similar studies, indicate that premature birth is significant risk factor when phonological processing is concerned. Inadequacy of phonological elaboration contributes considerably to the emergence of difficulties in the development of reading and writing skills, which often results in academic failure.

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Utjecaj u zajednici utemeljene rehabilitacije na kompetentnost deinstitucionaliziranih osoba s intelektualnim teškoćama

Author(s): Bojana Rožman / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2/2007

The paper presents the findings of the first study in Croatia on the effects of community-based rehabilitation on the competencies of deinstitutionalized people with intellectual disabilities. The Scale for the Assessment of Competence and Support Needs of Persons with Intellectual Disabilities, an instrument developed in the framework of the scientific research project “The Evaluation of Community-Based Professional Support Services” of the Faculty of Education and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Zagreb was used to assess levels of competence in three intervals. The sample included 45 deinstitutionalized people with intellectual disabilities of both genders receiving community-based supported housing services developed by the Association for Promoting Inclusion, a Zagreb based NGO. The significance of the qualitative and quantitative changes in personal competencies were examined, the intensity of changes and relationships between the variables in the field of competencies and among individual variables were examined in two intervals. The first main component as well as the change indicators for personal competence were calculated for the initial, median and final measurements.

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Fonološka svjesnost u djece koja mucaju

Author(s): Senka Sardelić,Ana Bonetti,Iva Hrastinski / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2007

Although some researchers reported 30 - 40% incidence of phonological disorders among children who stutter (Wolk, Edwards i Conture, 1993, Melnick i Conture, 2000), the connection between stuttering and phonological disorders has not yet been strongly confirmed. The aim of this research was to determine possible connection between stuttering and the phonemic awareness. The group of 21 children who stutter and their fluent pairs were compared on initial phoneme identification, final phoneme identification, phoneme analysis, and phoneme synthesis tasks. The subjects were between the ages 5; 3 and 7; 0 (years; months). According to results of statistical analysis, children who do not stutter performed better on phoneme analysis task then children who stutter. The results of initial phoneme identification task and final phoneme identification task, and and synthesis task showed no significant difference between groups.

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Invaliditet u obitelji i izvori podrške

Author(s): Zdravka Leutar,Ana Štambuk / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2007

This work deals with /disability within family, and with both formal and informal sources of support. In its introduction there have been shown the results of a number of home and foreign researches on disability within familiy, on the role of parents and persons with disability themselves, and on the importance of support. Then follows the analysis of the results of a research conducted on 710 people from all over Croatia (468 persons with disability and 242 parents of persons with disability): about their emotional state, who they are given support from, who they talk about their problems with, and where they find strength for life. The results of the research have shown that families that cope with disability are mostly followed by worry, tension and emotional exhaustion. Parents are more anxious than persons with disability themselves. Positive emotions, such as satisfaction, are present among members of the families, and more often present among persons with disability themselves. Statistically relevant differences have been found between emotional state of the parents and persons with disability themselves. Both groups of subjects get informal ways of support from the members of the familiy and friends. Parents get most of support from children and (marriage) partners, and persons with disability from parents and partners. Formal forms of support are poor and insufficient.

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Komponente programa oralno-motoričke stimulacije

Author(s): Ines Joković Oreb,Ana Antunović,Martina Celizić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2006

The main goal of this paper is to point out complex feeding process of infant from the perspective of professional achivment within Cabinet for early psychomotoric stimulation of the Center for Rehabilitation on Faculty of Education and Rehabilitation Sciences in Zagreb and Little House - Day care cnter for rehabilitation and occupational therapy for visually impaired children with multiple disabilities. Feeding of the child is not only the biological answer on baby’s metabolic demands, but it is complex network of behaviours, which is involved in actions and reactions of others from surrounding.In therapeutic process, which respect differences, promote collectiveness and share knowledge and experience, active involvement of the infant and the parents must be provide. In premature children, as in children with neurological problems, the stimulation of oral motoric abilities precede to the process of feeding, what will be present in this work. Oralfacial activities stimulate child’s face and mouth. They present the technique by which we can improve oral-motor control, frequency of swalowing and sensory awareness. They are used just before and during meals so that child can be as active as much as it can. These simple activities include touching, wiping and tapping techniques. Using them we can help child to use his mouth functionaly and to strentgh its oral skills, which are important for eating as for speech and facial expression development. Because they stimulate preverbal skills, which are basis for development of eating skills and for further development of articulation, they are important part of early intervention programme.

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Neke značajke odnosa sestara / braće i osoba s posebnim potrebama

Author(s): Daniela Cvitković,Renata Hojanić,Ana Wagner Jakab / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2006

Recent studies on siblings are more and more focused on family context. Research results show the importance of siblings’ relationships that are, besides relationships with parents, the closest inside a family. Brothers and sisters influence one’s development on many different levels. In a case when one of the brothers or sisters has special needs, this relationship is even more specific and could have positive but also negative impacts. Even though it is more and more recognized abroad, the professional work with siblings of people with special needs in our country is just at its beginning. This paper shortly presents one way of supporting siblings of people with special needs

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Naracija u djece s posebnim jezičnim teškoćama

Author(s): Marinka Grobler,Diana Arapović / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2006

Special language impairment (SLI) is a developmental disorder of various profiles and degrees of language impairment expressed in the contest of normal cognitive abilities, without presence of any known cause (Bishop, 1992, Leonard, 1998).The aim of this work was to explore the narration features and to determine the differences between the group of children with SLI and the group of children with normal language development. (NLD)This research was carried out on two samples of subjects.The first sample consisted of 71 children, which, due to diagnosed SLI were treated through speech and language therapy in “Svetovalni centar” (Council Center) and in “Zavod za gluhe in naglusne” (Institute for Deaf and hearing-impaired) in Lubiana.The control group consisted of 71 children with normal language development status.All the children attended first to fourth class of schools in Lubiana and its suburban region.Results have shown that the narration of the children with SLI significantly differ from the narration of the children with NLD, in extensiveness as well as in quality.

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Otpornost i prevencija poremećaja u ponašanju

Author(s): Dalibor Doležal / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2006

This paper deals with resilience in relation to prevention of behavioral disorders. In the center of the concept of resilience there is the fact that the development of resilience on the community, family and school level, as well as on the level of the individual, is the best way to prevent behavioral disorders. So, as to ensure that, it is crucial to recognize risk factors that can influence the appearance of behavioral disorders but likewise, to recognize protective factors that can prevent them from appearing, The paper also gives an overview of the resilience concept, as well as an overview of the concept of the risk and protective factors in relation to behavioral disorders and is offering an answer to the question in which way can the resilience concept be used for the purpose of prevention of behavioral disorders.

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Kvantitativna procjena nazalnosti u govoru djece s oštećenjem sluha i čujuće djece

Author(s): Luka Bonetti / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2/2006

In this paper, comparison of the results of quantitative assessment of nasal emission produced during pronunciation of sentences with and without nasal consonants was carried out for the group of hearing impaired children (N=11) and the group of normally hearing children (N=12) by using NasalView system. The relationship between nasal emission, phonation characteristics, speech tempo and pure tone average was also observed. Average nasalance percent during pronunciation of sentences without nasal consonants differed significantly between the two groups of children, as well as the average speech rate, but no general relationship was found between nasalance scores, vocal pitch control, speech tempo and pure tone average. The results suggest that the ability of observed children with hearing loss to control velopharingeal activity is limited, but present, and that it does not depend on the level of phonation control or the control of the speech rate, but rather on individual factors (quality of residual hearing and the successfulness in its use). It is also evident that observed children with hearing loss have certain potential to develop or improve the control of velopharingeal activity in the process of speech and hearing rehabilitation.

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Postoji li pragmatički jezični poremećaj?

Author(s): Jasmina Ivšac Pavliša,Ana Gaćina / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2/2006

Within the last two decades scholars and therapists have been focusing on the role of pragmatics in speech and language communication, as in common development and especially in possible disorders. Namely, adequate development of morphology, syntax and other language aspects in the preschool period is not sufficient for efficient communication within the situational and social context. Pragmatic abilities are, among other, grounded on understanding owns and other people intentions and on continuous integration of different information during conversation. Assessment of conversational skills requires situational context that is as natural as possible and acquired structural aspects of language. There are also other reasons, beside the previously named, why pragmatic language disorders often pass unnoticed in clinical work or became labeled as other close disorder. As scientific literature also does not suggest clear and uniform definition and official categorization of pragmatic language impairments, this work shows a case study of a child whose clinical features fulfill all the criteria for pragmatic language impairment proposed by many authors (Bishop, 1998., 2000., 2001.). Results of a two year follow-up are trying to make a contribution to dilemmas about independence of pragmatics, other language aspects and cognitive development, on possible co-occurrence of different disorders and to clear description on indicators of pragmatic language impairments. This longitudinal follow-up also describes a use of different methodological solutions that open up a possibility for reliable screening and assessment of pragmatic language impairments.

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Prognostička svojstva instrumenta W-PTSD za utvrđivanje posttraumatskog stresnog poremećaja kod osoba oštećena vida

Author(s): Tina Runjić,Branko Nikolić,Ante Bilić-Prcić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2/2006

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder has been defined in the more recent literature as a set of the specific symptoms occurring in some individuals, after they have been exposed directly or as witnesses to a traumatic experience that would be very traumatic for the most persons. Their reaction to such experience was strong fear, feeling of helplessness or horror. The development of the symptoms of such disorder is determined by the traits of the personality of the exposed individual, type and intensity of the trauma, role that the person had during the traumatic incident, and the environment-circumstances. The existence of the posttraumatic disorder in a person can be identified with a number of the standardized instruments. Although there is a significant number of research works available in the literature studying this disorder and its various aspects, it is almost impossible to find those dealing with this disorder in the population of the persons with vision impairments. Therefore, it could not be established with certainty whether the instruments adequate to identify PTSP in the general population were equally reliable concerning the persons with vision impairments that were likely to manifest such disorder. In order to determine the reliability of the W-PTSD instruments for the persons suffering from vision impairments that had been exposed to the traumatic experience it was necessary to apply along with this instrument also the additional standardized instrument to determine PTSP. The LASC-01 questionnaire was used for this purpose. It was determined based on the results of the research that was carried out on 28 blind persons disabled in the Croatian War of Independence that in both questionnaires in the area of the PTSP measuring variables the respondents had similar results. The conclusion that can be made based on this is that the W-PTSD instrument is the proper instrument to be used to determine PTSP in the population of the persons with vision impairments.

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Značajke glasnika /i/ i /e/ u osoba s oštećenim sluhom

Author(s): Marina Božić Bakušić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2/2005

The research is directed toward examination of the characteristics of sounds lil and lei at children with impaired hearing. The children to be studied in the research were 12 children of both sexes from ages 6 to 11 with average or above average intelligence, with a hearing loss!damage level of 40 to 90dB and without damage to the vocal tiact. The contiol gioup consisted of 11 children of similar ages and sex distribution with normal hearing abilities and average or above average intelligence and with no damage to the vocal tract. The research showed that there are differences in the basic characteristics of the sound lil and lei between children with impaired hearing and children with normal hearing. Further, the study showed there are differences between the two groups within the entire spectrum of applicable variables for the sounds lil and lei. The major problem for children with impaired hearing is in control of auditory, respiratory and laryngeal levels during vocalization. The basic characteristic disturbances among children with impaired hearing noted in this research are: excessive inhalation, the lack of variations in and high oscillation infrequencies.

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Metrijske karakteristike instrumenata opisanih na malim uzorcima

Author(s): Branko Nikolić,Ante Bilić-Prcić,Rafael Pejčinović / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2005

In order to calculate metric characteristics of instruments applied to small samples, a canonical covariance analysis or quasicanonical analysis has been applied. Instrument reliability, described on a small sample of subjects, is defined as quasicanonical reliability in parallel or TAU equivalent forms model. Both an algorithm and a metric characteristics analysis program of a composite instrument have been made. This program calculates reliability in a quasicanonical model as a correlation between principal components of two forms. If an instrument is used to assess a small sample in two different temporal stages, defining the initial testing as the first, and the final testing as the second form, it is possible to assess stability of the measuring instruments. Besides quasicanonical reliability, this program also calculates the quasicanonical error as well as the validity and disriminativity coefficients for both forms. Standard reliability measure can be calculated as a correlation between Burt's components of the two forms. By appyling this model for analyzing metric characteristics of a questionnaire « Methods of a sighted guide », with the blind and the visually impaired, where the first form is consisted of independence characteristics, and the second form is made of motivation characteristics, satisfactory measuring features in a small sample of subjects have been obtained. Very high coefficients of quasicanonical reliability and congruency between validity coefficients imply the possibility of using these models in order to analyze metric characteristics of instruments when having small samples of subjects in research studies. In other words, the metric characteristics analysis can be efficiently used even in small samples of subjects if there is a possibility of explicit definition of two parallel forms.

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Prevencijska istraživanja i prevencijska praksa

Author(s): Josipa Bašić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2005

At the time when problems related to growing up of children and the young are increasing, behavioural problems are becom- ming more complex and the existing treatment interventions proved to be insufficiently efficient, the only solution left is to seek scientific solutions on which prevention practice could be based. This paper aims to establish and confirm certian knowledge of importance for the field of prevention activités and for this country by means of a review of some more recent theses concerning the determination of the essence of prevention research! science and the prevention practice. The paper includes certain approaches and definitions of prevention science and prevention research as well as the bases for setting up and evaluating prevention programmes.

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Poticajne mjere kao motivirajući čimbenik zapošljavanja osoba s invaliditetom procjenjene od strane poslodavca

Author(s): Sanja Skočić Mihić,Lelia Kiš Glavaš / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2005

A high percentage of people with disabilities are unemployed. In the developed countries the system of stimulating activities, which monitors their employing has been developed. In the Republic of Croatia such a system does not exist at the moment, although it is provided for in the Law on Professional Rehabilitation and Employing People with Disabilities. The main purpose of this research was to establish the latent structure of stimulating activities as a motivating factor in employing people with disabilities. The survey was based on a sample of 116 employers in the County of Primorje-Gorski Kotar which influence the employing of new employees. The assessment of stimulating activities scale used is a part of the questionnaire on the employers’ motivation in employing people with disabilities. The structure of stimulating activities was established by factor analysis. Two factors were discovered: the factor of financial income and the factor of financial support. Both of the factors are weakly to moderately perceived by the employers as motivating factors in employing people with disabilities. The results of the employers on particular stimulating activities are shown in the paper.

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Reorganizacija izgovora pod utjecajem umjetnog nepca

Author(s): Jelena Ivičević Desnica / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2/2004

Despite the perturbation of articulatory movements the speakers make effective adaptation to unfavorable articulatory conditions and they manage to compensate for the perturbation . The data collected by means of the experimental articulatory perturbation (fixation of the mandible by the bite block, articulation with the oral tube, loading of the lower lip, speaking with the thick artificial palate) showed that in articulatory adaptation the important role is played by sensory control of articulatory movements. In the present study the influence of the artificial palate (6 mm in the region of alveolar ridge) on the reorganizeation of the articulatory movements when the speakers practice pronunciation with the artificial palate was investigated. Seven female subjects of the normal articulatory and hearing status pronounced Isal syllable 30 times in a row in five sequences with a 15- minute interval between subsequent sequences. In the interval between syllable sequences the subjects practiced the pronunciation by reading the text loaded with the Is/ sound. Prior to and after speaking with the artificial palate the subjects articulated Isal syllable 30 times without perturbation. The analysis was done by calculating the long term average spectrum of the Is/ sound for each sequence of pertubed and unperturbed pronunciation, as well as by assessment of the pronunciation quality of the Is/ sound made by three phonetitians. The results showed that practice makes perturbed articulation closer to natural, but also that after pronunciation training with the artificial palate the unperturbed pronunciation differs from the natural pronunciation. The results are discussed in the light of the influence of structural changes in oral cavity on the reorganization of the articulation.

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Laringealna dinamika djece koja mucaju

Author(s): Mladen Heđever,Katarina Pavičić Dokoza,Jadranka Pavičić Šarić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2004

The purpose of this research has been to examine and analyze temporal,frequency and intensity voice characteristics of stuttering children and voice of control group and to determinate those acoustic parameters which in the best way define stuttering in relation to normal speech. Two groups of male children were examined - experimental and control. There were 21 boys aged between 5.5 - I0 in the experimental group and 2l boys in the control group counterbalanced by the experimental group as according to the age. Data needed for acoustic analysis was obtain from the three speech modalities (spontaneous speech, repetition of a sentence and phonation of a vowel (a]). Variables were divided into two categories: acoustic variables of phonation and acoustic variables of speech. Analysis of mentioned variables was done by using software Goldwave (accessible on Internet) antl software EzVoicer TM (version I .t ). Data were statistically processed and analyzed on univariant (basic statistic and analysis of variance) and multivariant (factor analysis) level.The results of univariant statistics (analysis of variance) showed that the stuttering children dffer from control group on the variables jitter, range F0, stop gap duration for consonant [t] in repeated sentence, speaking fundamental frequency and range of speaking fundamental frequency. By factor analysis, in each group were isolated 5 factors whose structure differs. Findings from this research led to the tentative conclusion that stutters demonstrate less stable control of respiratory-laryngeal dynamics that nonstutters. These results confirm the results from previous studies and information such as these can prove to he of great importance for establishing optimal therapy for stuttering children'

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Uspješnost učenika s lakom mentalnom retardacijom u rješavanju matematičkih zadataka različitih problemskih područja, formulacije i didaktičke podrške

Author(s): Nada Milošak,Rea Fulgosi Masnjak,Zrinjka Stančić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2004

The purpose of this investigation was to detect the success of the third grade primary special school pupils with mild mental retardation in solving mathematical tasks. These tasks were different regarding the problem mathematical area, type of their formulation and the use of didactic support. Investigation was carried out on the sample of 43 pupils 14,5 years The majority of tested pupils, apart from mental retardation displayed additional developmental difficulties. The success on tested variables was measured on the Instrument for assessing the success in school subject-mathematics, for the thud grade pupils (Ljiljak, Ivančić, Stančić, 1999.). Obtained results showed statistically significant differences in pupils success regarding the investigated problem area, type of task formulation and the use of the didactic support.

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