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ŽENE I TRŽIŠTE RADA

Author(s): Melisa Tolja Mešić / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Šta je to tržište rada? Tržište rada je mjesto (stvarno ili imaginarno) gdje se rad (posao) traži i nudi, te prema tome prodaje i kupuje. Ono funkcioniše kroz interakciju radnika (radne snage ili ljudstva) i poslodavaca. Pregovori na tržištu rada obično obuhvataju i plaćanje i uslove rada. Da bi se analizirala obilježja tržišta rada (lokalnog, regionalnog, državnog ili čak međunarodnog) provodi se analiza tržišta rada (LMA = labour market analysis). Povezanost između tržišta rada i stručnog obrazovanja, obuke bi trebala biti vrlo čvrsta. Potražnja za radnom snagom na konkretnom tržištu rada (potražnja za radom) je količina usluga rada (ponude rada) koji potražuju poslodavci, tj., koju poslodavci žele da kupe.

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PROSTITUCIJA NA FEMINISTIČKOJ POLITIČKOJ AGENDI

Author(s): Milena Timotijević / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Prostitucija dugo nije bila predmet naučnog promišljanja. Ostajala je sasvim izvan lige klasičnih pojmova društvenih nauka kao što su društvo, društveni ugovor, klasa, proizvodnja. Paradigma industrijalizacije koja podrazumeva formiranje modernog društva i početak kraja stare, stabilne proširene porodice, otvara prostor za proučavanje pojave kakva je prostitucija. Prostitucija se od tada tumači i objašnjava uglavnom u kategorijama morala (naravno, dvostrukog), propasti institucije porodice, urušavanja tradicionalnog sistema vrednosti i nadvladavanja modernog vrednosnog haosa. Feministkinje, međutim, otkrivaju stvarnost života žena u prostituciji, upućujući na nasilje, potčinjenost i eksploataciju.

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Промени в гавърнанса на земеделските кооперации в България

Author(s): Angel Sarov,Ivan Boevsky / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

This paper analyzes the changes in the governance of agriculture cooperatives in Bulgaria. The researcher team put focus on external and internal mechanisms that influence organizational design of the cooperatives: market turbulence; destructive competition; participation of members in decision-making process; abuse of power resource by the Chairman; professionalizing of governance bodies; a change the goals. The team summarizes the empirical findings and claimed that the governance of Bulgarian agricultural cooperatives increasingly changing from the traditional cooperative model.

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Mitigation of Impacts of the Crisis on Slovakia – A Priority of the Slovak Foreign Service

Author(s): Radomír Boháč / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

A historically new situation testing economic theories, political, economic and financial models as well as the international institutions is coming into existence due to the financial and economic crisis. It is therefore logical that in general the Slovak government continues to shift its attention in the field of implementation of foreign policy towards the current issues of economic diplomacy. Nowadays the role of state foreign policy does not only consist in creation of the favorable i.e. first and foremost safe external environment needed to achieve the national interests of state. An increase in the importance and in many cases even dominance of economic issues in the area of international relations is now actually present. In 2009, too, the basic framework of the Foreign Ministry’s activities, besides the external factors determined in the first place by the crisis, was also based upon the general characteristics and given facts of Slovakia’s economic environment. In 2009 the struggle to mitigate the impacts of the crisis on Slovakia became a priority activity of the Foreign Ministry. Internal, organizational and conceptual modifications were all introduced to address the objective mentioned. The changes helped us concentrate upon several major areas of our activities, namely: • activities within the European Union; • increase in the cooperation and coordination of all players active in the area of external economic relations; • support for pro-investment and pro-export promotional activities abroad; • the search for best experience and practice of other nations; • intensified operation and activities within international organizations aimed at achieving greater increase in economic value thanks to the advantages of our membership; • proactive dialogue with businesses; and • creation of Slovakia’s modern image abroad. Although the Ministry of Foreign Affairs has only limited powers (representation of Slovakia’s interests abroad or representation in international organizations) to engage in processes going on in the field of economics, our activities in the field of economic diplomacy in 2009 undoubtedly contributed to the elimination of negative impacts of the crisis. Unlike the other partners we have no direct instruments at our disposal (such as state assistance, operational programs, taxes, levies, incentives, contributions etc.) which could be employed to support the activities of businesses and the instruments of development assistance can only be exploited indirectly.

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The Importance of the Community Mediation. An Example of Practical Course

Author(s): Emilian M. Dobrescu,Edith Mihaela Dobrescu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This paper aims to present the importance of community mediation current social life. As a result, authors can organize a mediation course community in which to express their design and their applications about the subject.

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Poverty and Vulnerability in India and China

Author(s): Katsushi Imai / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

“Reporting an 80-million drop in extreme poverty in the two years to 2004, the Bank said the improvement was entirely due to the rapid expansion in Asia's two most populous countries” (Guardian, 16 April 2007 ). “With an average annual growth rate of 10 percent, China has lifted over 600 million of its 1.3 billion citizens out of extreme poverty—those who earn less than $1 a day—since 1981. In the same time period, India's 6.2 percent average annual growth rate has brought an estimated 300 million of its 1.1 billion people out of extreme poverty…The World Bank estimates that the number of poor increased by at least 100 million as a result of the food and fuel crises” (Newsweek in November 2008). The first quotation suggests that poverty reduction in India and China is important simply because of the large share of the poor in these two countries, in particular in India in the world’s poor. Economic growth in these countries has driven the poverty reduction of the world in recent years. The graphs in Appendix 1 suggest that i) higher income growth has a close association with poverty reduction, ii) poverty reduction and income growth are higher in China than in India, and iii) higher income growth seems associated with higher income Gini. That is, while income growth led to the poverty reduction in absolute terms in China, the relatively rich benefited more in relative terms. The second quotation suggests the fragility of poverty reduction outcome as those above the poverty line would fall into poverty as a result of food and fuel crises. This signifies the importance of addressing vulnerability as opposed to poverty. While it would be difficult to cover all the aspects of poverty in China and India, this paper focuses on a few important aspects to analyze poverty and India and China drawing upon my research

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Where Has All the Oil Gone? Contradictions among Russia's Socio-economic Development, Political Legitimacy and Corporate Profits

Author(s): David Dusseault / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

There exists a body of evidence suggesting that Russia's energy sector-based interests are not monolithic. On the contrary, and quite intuitively, Russia’s political economy is fractured along institutional, temporal, and informational lines not just at the various levels of the country’s federal system, but also along the economic value chains that define the Russian energy sector. In order to tease these political, economic and social nuances out from the context in which they are embedded, it is felt that current research needs to move away from the shadow of neo-Kremlinology and expand its scope to reconsider the existence of fissures among political and economic interests, identify competing elite groups within the federal institutional structure, and understand the structural conditions that contribute to strategic decision-making process of the Russian Federation. Based upon several years of research conducted at the Aleksanteri Institute, four separate deficiencies concerning the nature of the structure of Russia’s political economy have been identified and will be discussed in turn below.

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The Geography, Economy and Society of Indian Diasporas

Author(s): Stephen F. Dale / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

China and India represent interesting and contrasting economic and cultural centers that generated merchant diasporas from among their indigenous populations, but these countries or regions also had very different histories due to fundamental political differences between these two regions. Here the focus will be on India, but with the Chinese experience constantly in the background. The most obvious factors driving the spread of Indian mercantile diasporas were: the enormous reservoir of fertile agricultural land, the early growth of major urban centers and the consequent social division of labor and the production of valuable agrarian and manufactured products to serve a large and diverse population. In addition, as with China, the regions on India’s sea and land frontiers remained less economically developed and socially differentiated throughout most of India’s recorded history. These territories include Southeast Asia, more usefully known here as Indo-China, Central Asia, including the western region known as Mawarannahr or Transoxiana and the eastern zone, including the Mongolian steppe and the region previously designated as Moghulistan or Chinese Turkistan and now as the Xinjiang region of China and finally parts of West Asia, most particularly, Afghanistan and Iran.

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Komunita bez domova – situácia nemeckého obyvateľstva na Slovensku v rokoch 1945 – 1947

Author(s): Milan Olejník / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

V lete 1945 poskytovala Európa neutešený obraz všeobecnej devastácie spôsobenej šiestimi rokmi najničivejšej vojny v dejinách ľudstva. Okrem miliónov mŕtvych a zničených materiálnych hodnôt, sa obeťami vojny stali aj tisíce utečencov, ktorí či už priamo v dôsledku bojov, alebo následkom zmenených politických a spoločenských pomerov museli opustiť svoje domovy. Jednou z takto postihnutých skupín boli aj príslušníci nemeckej menšiny na Slovensku.

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Zmena spoločenského systému na Slovensku a v Československu po 17. novembri 1989 do júnových volieb 1990

Author(s): Miroslav Londák,Elena Londáková,Jan Pešek,Natália Veselská,Jozef Žatkuliak / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

Pri príležitosti Medzinárodného dňa študentstva a 50. výročia tragických udalostí roku 1939 sa konalo v Prahe na Albertově zhromaždenie študentov, ktorého časť sa po oficiálnej manifestácii začala presúvať do centra mesta. Na Národní tříde ich zastavili už pripravené jednotky špeciálnych zložiek polície a brutálne sprievod asi 15 000 ľudí rozohnali. Bolo zranených 568 ľudí, následne, v skorých ranných hodinách vyhlásili študenti DAMU prvý štrajk. Na druhý deň odvysielala rozhlasová stanica Slobodná Európa správu o prvej ľudskej obeti policajného zásahu – študentovi Martinovi Šmídovi, napriek tomu, že v tom čase správu dementovala matka študenta priamo v Realistickom divadle, kde v tom čase už sídlilo disidentské vedenie (M. Žantovský, V. Havel) budúcej „zamatovej revolúcie“. Práve nepravdivá správa o smrti študenta bola spúšťacím mechanizmom nastávajúcich nepokojov v krajine. Účasť Štátnej bezpečnosti na akcii 17. novembra 1989 nebola do dnešných dní uspokojivo vysvetlená, čo je základom konšpiračných teórií o počiatkoch udalostí spätých s „nežnou revolúciou“. Neskôr nezávislá vyšetrovacia komisia zistila totožnosť domnelého študenta Šmída, ktorým bol agent ŠtB Ludvík Živčák, ktorý bol pod menom Růžička jedným z hlavných organizátorov a vodcov osudnej demonštrácie.

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Odvrátená stránka života mládeže v medzivojnovom období

Author(s): Anna Falisová / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

Among other goals, the state authorities in the inter-war Czechoslovakia declared their determination to improve the care for children and youth. However, the dark side of life of this part of population was the problem of its increasing criminal activity. Its share on crimes increased sharply during the World War I and this trend did not change after the war, either. On the other hand, children and youth belonged to the most endangered social groups. Efforts of state authorities to change this path did not bring prospective effect. Criminal activities of youth were caused by several reasons. Among the most significant were the failure of parental care, unsatisfactory social-economic conditions or the unsufficient number of voluntary organizations that took care about children and youth.

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THE USE OF A BUSINESS MODEL IN DESIGNING AND OPERATIONALIZING PROCESSES

Author(s): Anna Ujwary-Gil,Natalia Potoczek / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The operationalization of a business model in particular areas requires the application of appropriate management concepts and methods. One of such concepts is Business Process Management (BPM), founded on an assumption of complex management of an organization aimed at providing value to customers. Simultaneously, designing a process-based organization calls for a proper understanding of the business model of an organization, its key elements and mutual relations appearing in the model. This paper demonstrates the relationships between a business model and process management, as well as the usefulness of the BPM concept in developing a business model.

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THE SYSTEM OF RESOLUTION/ SETTLEMENT OF COMMERCIAL DISPUTES IN THE REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA AS A BUSINESS RISK FACTOR

Author(s): Silvi Chernev / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The purpose of this paper is to establish the possible existence of business risk resulting from the legal regulation and other relevant factors to the resolution of commercial disputes in the Republic of Bulgaria. The effectiveness (the lack thereof) of the different commercial disputes resolution/settlement means are analyzed (state courtscommercial litigation, arbitration, mediation and others).

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Locuirea socială în Franţa – caracteristici şi finanţare

Author(s): Alina Chicoş,Constantin CHIFELEA,Cristina Ivana,Thibaut Maraquin / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

During the economic crisis, the difficulty to access housing has increased due to the shrinking of purchasing power, which accentuated the preference for rented social housing. Persistent jobs crisis, accentuated during of economic recession periods, makes housing to become a central issue of public policies against poverty and exclusion. By mobilizing all social actors involved in housing policy, France may be one of the best examples in Europe on addressing social housing sector. In this context, in 2014, HLM organizations were involved in increasing the supply of rented housing, thereby supporting the needs of French population. They were able to form a partnership with the State in order to implement a plan for investment in housing, which resulted in the HLM Agenda for 2015 – 2018, including a number of specific objectives and concrete measures designed to achieve each objective established.

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Locuinţa socială în Austria

Author(s): Raluca Petre / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Providing of social housing is a real problem for millions of families in the European Union and in the world, most intense being felt in the states most affected by the current economic crisis. Providing social housing in Austria had substantial reforms in 2009, when the state has withdrawn the financing and the formerly budget dedicated to promoting housing has been integrated into the general budget of the federal provinces. The social housing stock represents around 24% of the housing stock of the country, of which 60% is owned by municipalities and public companies. Despite the economic crisis Austria has maintained extensive subsidies and it has granted allowances for housing, mainly for rent regulated and non-market housing.

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WPŁYW STRESU NA WYKONYWANĄ PRACĘ

Author(s): Lucyna Grabowska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article focuses on psychological aspect of stress; it defines the stress and then presents the causes of stress at work, as well as the way the stress affects the career. The author shows different methods of coping with the stress by both individuals and employee group. In the last paragraph of the article the author gives information about the stress that appears among the workers of financial institutions.

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GENEZA I ROZWÓJ REHABILITACJI ZAWODOWEJ ORAZ ZATRUDNIANIA OSÓB Z NIEPEŁNOSPRAWNOŚCIĄ NA ZIEMIACH POLSKICH

Author(s): Marcin Garbat / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Vocational rehabilitation is an integral part of comprehensive rehabilitation. Already during rehabilitation one should carry out the so-called professional preorientation using the possibilities offered by occupational therapy in rehabilitation centers. Attempts to work is the best practical method to determine the time and the result of the work. Professional preorientation should be introduced as soon as possible, because one often loses a lot of effort and money to train people with disabilities in the direction to which they are not prepared mentally and physically, or do not have an adequate level of general education. Professional preorientation also allows to acquaint with job possibilities at one’s place of residence. Although workshops for the disabled appeared in their modern form, barely a little more than a hundred and fifty years ago, their origin dates back to at least the Middle Ages. The word rehabilitation appeared for the first time at the Anglo-Saxons after the First World War, and it was an accurate term. The Latin "habilitas" means mobility, agility, and the prefix "re" reflexiveness. Rehabilitation was used at that time to describe restoring of fitness of military war disabled persons. The term was introduced in 1918 by Douglas C. McMurtie, director of the Red Cross for the Disabled in New York, to describe the reeducational school for rehabilitation of disabled soldiers. A little later the New York Federal Office of Vocational Rehabilitation was founded, which described the rehabilitation as the need to restore the best possible physical, mental, social, vocational and economic usefulness. Since then, the term rehabilitation has been used in today's sense of the word. Since then it includes within its operation not only war veterans, but all people with disabilities.

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ZATRUDNIANIE OSÓB Z NIEPEŁNOSPRAWNOŚCIAMI: KU OTWARTEMU RYNKOWI PRACY

Author(s): Maria Agnieszka Paszkowicz / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The paper presents the assumptions of the systems and forms of employment of people with disabilities in today's labour market, including changes in the approach to employment from segregating one (protected labour market) to integrating one (open market operation). They have been analyzed taking all their strengths and weaknesses into consideration. These changes are shown on the basis of statistical data on the employment of people with disabilities in Poland.

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DOBRE PRAKTYKI PRACODAWCÓW W ZATRUDNIANIU NIEPEŁNOSPRAWNYCH PRACOWNIKÓW

Author(s): Ewa Giermanowska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Good practices in the employment of people with disabilities is a proven solution that should be promote and foster. Analysis of good practices shows that changes of employers and employees attitudes and organizational practices are not easy. Employers in Poland usually expect financial support, but it is not decisive condition of employment of a disabled person. Studies have shown that important factor in changing attitudes and organizational practices is the employers perception of other benefits: social, organizational and branding linked with the employment of disabled people.

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PRACA I EDUKACJA OSÓB Z NIEPEŁNOSPRAWNOŚCIAMI 45+ W SPOŁECZEŃSTWIE INFORMACYJNYM

Author(s): Bożena Smorczewska-Mickiewicz / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The first part explains the concepts of work and education in the information society, and shows the situation of people with disabilities on the basis of current reports and test results. In the second part, reference is made to issues related to the labor market and activation programs, aimed at people with disabilities 45+.

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