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Technology transfer is the form by which the results of activities of scientific research, technological development and innovation are realized. Technology transfer is the process of planning and economic and social development, an indicator of the state innovation development.
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Knowledge was, is and will be the main focus of human existence, and progress in this field have the effect of stimulating the activity creations of science, engineering and technology. Solutions to global problems faced by the humanity are expected primarily in the creative sector. Therefore, the interest for the work of solitary creators or working in teams has greatly increased.
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Bezdomność zbyt często jest traktowana jako uciążliwy, ale stały element polskiego życia społecznego. Obecnie występuje stagnacja, a nawet wzrost liczby bezdomnych krążącej wokół 30 tys. osób. Z punktu widzenia zasady dobra wspólnego i innych zasad konstytucyjnych nie można się z tym pogodzić, należy przeanalizować na nowo obowiązki władzy publicznej w perspektywie godności osoby bezdomnej. W artykule w nowy sposób ukazano prawa i obowiązki nie tylko administracji samorządowej, ale także wskazano zaniedbania w regulacji zadań administracji rządowej oraz brak krajowej strategii w tym zakresie. Z odniesienia kwestii przeciwdziałania bezdomności do zasady dobra wspólnego wynikają nowe impulsy w zakresie dywersyfikacji prawnych form działania administracji i stosowania mierników.
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Niniejszy artykuł porusza problematykę personalistycznej koncepcji administracji publicznej w kontekście bezdomności. Omówiono koncepcję administracji publicznej, jak i filozoficzne podstawy personalizmu, by następnie przejść do pojęcia zadania publicznego. Koniecznym stało się przeanalizowanie kwestii godności osoby ludzkiej, jak i systemu pomocy bezdomnym. Mając na uwadze personalistyczną koncepcję prawa administracyjnego podkreślono konieczność patrzenia na bezdomność przez pryzmat osoby bezdomnej.
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Podstawowym celem opracowania jest przybliżenie założeń stworzonego w Stanach Zjednoczonych przez dr. S. Tsemberisa z organizacji „Pathways to housing” programu o nazwie Housing First, którego założeniem jest pomoc osobom bezdomnym w wyjściu ze stanu bezdomności, oraz sformułowanie wniosków co do możliwości jego stosowania przez krajową administrację publiczną przy uwzględnieniu istniejących w Polsce uwarunkowań prawnych i organizacyjnych. Wysoka skuteczność programu Housing First w pomocy świadczonej osobom bezdomnym spowodowała bowiem, że w Europie Zachodniej został przeprowadzony w latach 2011–2013 program pilotażowy pod nazwą Housing First Europe. Program ten przeprowadzono w Amsterdamie, Budapeszcie, Kopenhadze, Glasgow i w Lizbonie. Kolejnym celem opracowania jest porównanie założeń programu Housing First z rekomendowanym w Unii Europejskiej podejściem housing-led. W opracowaniu wykorzystano metodę empiryczną oraz teoretyczno-prawną.
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Problematyka dotycząca zasad udzielania świadczeń opieki zdrowotnej finansowanych ze środków publicznych jest złożona i wielowątkowa. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie tylko pewnego fragmentu tych zagadnień, a mianowicie podstaw prawnych udzielania świadczeń opieki zdrowotnej finansowanych ze środków publicznych, na rzecz osób bezdomnych. Z przeprowadzonej analizy obowiązujących w tym zakresie rozwiązań prawnych wynika, że obowiązuje tylko jedna podstawa prawna w tym zakresie dedykowana wprost osobom bezdomnym, tj. objęcie ubezpieczeniem zdrowotnym w ramach indywidualnego programu wychodzenia z bezdomności, która w praktyce ze względu na zakres zastosowania odgrywa jednak niewielką rolę. Pozostałe rozwiązania prawne są przewidziane dla szerszej kategorii osób, do której można także zaliczyć właśnie osoby bezdomne. W wyniku przeprowadzonej analizy zostaną zgłoszone postulaty de lege ferenda, w zakresie wywołującym największe trudności stosowania w praktyce przepisów regulujących te zagadnienia.
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Opracowanie analizuje wybrane formy ekonomii społecznej poprzez pryzmat ich „użyteczności” w inkluzji osób bezdomnych, w ich upodmiotawianiu, upełnomocnianiu. Chodzi zatem o wyeksponowanie tego, co pozwala na przezwyciężanie narastającego wykluczenia społecznego, umożliwiając pełniejsze uczestniczenie osób bezdomnych w życiu społecznym, w formułujących się w ramach społeczeństwa wspólnotach.
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he aim of this article is twofold. First, it questions the validity of the still-influential Marxian description of workers as victims of markets, which laments the dissolution of the ‘working class’ due to the trend towards individualization and consumerism. As an alternative, I offer a description of workers as life-entrepreneurs, who use markets for their own purposes: to better their own chances in life. Second, I propose a wider conception of entrepreneurship than mere commercial activity. This is the concept of life-entrepreneurship, as per the title of this article. This broader vision of entrepreneurship rests on the concept of personal capital based on the reconceptualization of ideas of Adam Smith and Carl Menger. One of the key insights of this paper is that consideration should be given to reducing bureaucratic red tape on companies and the tax burden on employment in order to facilitate job creation, thereby supporting the entry into the world of work ordinary life-entrepreneurs, and helping them avoid becoming welfare recipients.
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In this study, being the first Hungarian qualitative study devoted to this subject, we focus on the work-life balance situation of Hungarian women acting as main breadwinners within their family. The empirical base of our study consisted of 22 in-depth interviews conducted with Hungarian mothers of dependent children younger than 14, living in (heterosexual) couple households, who bring in at least 60% of the total household earnings. We examined how the main breadwinner role might affect the gender norm expectations acquired during socialisation, the division of domestic labour and child care duties between the partners, as well as the internal power relations of the couple. According to our findings, various versions of work-life balance management could be identified even within our small-scale qualitative sample on the basis of two main dimensions. On the one hand, on the basis of our interviewees’ accounts we examined whether the partners had similar role expectations in terms of egalitarian sharing of family related tasks or traditionally gendered role specialisation. On the other hand, we have also considered to what extent other contextual factors contributed to women becoming primary breadwinners, and whether these were perceived in terms of external constraints or preferred choices (or both). On the basis of our analyses we have identified four models of family relations in the context of primary female breadwinning: the traditional, the egalitarian, the externally forced role reversal and the consciously implemented role reversal models.
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Changes in the market caused by new demands and wishes of consumers are reflected in the assortment, and consequently on the realized revenues of the company from the business. For these reasons, the assortment must be adjusted to adapt to new conditions. The assortment as the content of the production and sales program, has a certain structure that is constantly changing under the influence of various factors. Analysis, study and planning of assortments and its structure are gaining in importance by increasing the number of lines, groups, types and models of products that are produced and sold. The structure of the assortment needs to be defined as from a financial aspect that includes the production and sales assortment of products as well as from the aspect of consumption. Since production and consumption are causally and consequently related to determining the structure of the assortment from a financial point of view, it is enough to start from the fact that it is the same for both production and consumption. A significant parameter of the sales analysis is the analysis of the plan for the realization of the assortment.
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Investments represent one of the most significant activities in an enterprise. Investing in capital implies the immediate expense for an enterprise with the expected future benefits. These benefits usually last for more than one year. The examples, of such investments are investments in possessions like equipment, buildings and land, as well as introduction of new products, new distribution system or new research and development programme. Enterprises and other project implementers usually face the issue of choosing between different projects which can have various effects in the future. Future success and profitability of an enterprise depend on long-term decisions which are made instantly. This paper presents the way of evaluating the investment projects and comparing the alternative projects based on the dynamic indicators of financial evaluation, by using the compromise ranking method, i.e. multi criteria analysis. It is necessary to find the best and most efficient project by using the Vikor method, as most suitable for the presented issue.
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This scientific paper is essentially of theoretical nature. Subject of elaboration is the most important socio-economic theoretical paradigms that explain and define poverty as a multidimensional social phenomenon. This paper is dominated by the thesis that each of the ela-borated socio-economic theoretical perspectives has a significant share and influence in the context of studying this phenomenon. Also, none of the above mentioned theoretical concepts alone is sufficient for to be able to create an appropriate poverty reduction socio-economic strategy.This scientific paper is essentially of theoretical nature. Subject of elaboration are the most important socio-economic theoretical paradigms that explain and define poverty as a multidimensional social phenomenon. This paper is dominated by the thesis that each of the ela-borated socio-economic theoretical perspectives has a significant share and influence in the context of studying this phenomenon. Also, none of the above mentioned theoretical concepts alone is sufficient for to be able to create an appropriate poverty reduction socio-economic strategy.
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Decisions made on the housing market are not only the sum of buyers’ expectations, but also the effect of perception of the real estate with respect to opinions and suggestions. One of the criteria is the location of flat togethr with the environmental features, including safety. The goal of the analysis is the designation of spatial relationships between the mean price of 1 sq meter of the flat and the crime rate in Szczecin. The goal was realised by means of the spatial analysis. The data referring to the transactions on the housing market in Szczecin in the years 2009-2016 and data from the Voivodship Police Command in Szczecin (so-called crime map) were used. The spatial analysis showed that there was the spatial relationship between the prices and so-called common crimes.
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The goal of the study is to analyze and describe the changes in the level of crime against property in Poland in the years 2002-2015 with the use of redundancy analysis and to emphasize the role of graphical methods for the interpretation of the results. Redundancy analysis is a canonical form of principal components analysis and can be described as a direct extension of regression analysis to model multivariate response data. In the paper the set of dependent variables consists of the intensity indicators of 5 types of property crime, while the explanatory variables are eigenfunctions determined according to the method Asymmetric Eigenvector Maps. The results for 3 selected voivodships are presented graphically with triplots and described.
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Aim – The main aim of the study is to determine the dynamics of the ageing process ofthe Polish population and to present a forecast of population ageing based on comprehensiveanalysis of the age structure of this population. The separated components of this structure arebiological age groups: 0–14, 15–64, 65 years and more. The time period of the research comprisesthe years 1950–2016, while the population forecast by age is presented for 2020 and 2050. Theelaboration includes data from GUS.Research methodology – In assessing the level of the ageing of Polish society there were used,among others, the old age index, old age coefficient, a measure of the similarity of structures,a measure of the structural change intensity, and the median age.Score – In the years 1950–2016 in Poland there were observed changes in the age structure ofthe population in age groups: 0–14 years old, 15–64 years old, 65 years old and more, includinga steady trend in the percentage of people in the age group 0–14 years old and a steadyupward trend in the percentage of people aged 65 and over, a strong upward trend in theold age index, and a strong tendency of increase in the post-working age dependency ratio.The Central Statistical Office’s (GUS) forecasts indicate that the population ageing measured bychanges in the age structure of the population and the shifting of the median age which aretaking place in Poland in a dynamic manner, will continue with increased intensity over thenext decades.Originality/value – The added value of the work is the use of the similarity of structuresand the intensity of structure changes, which together with an approach based on classicalindicators allowed for a comprehensive analysis of the age structure of the Polish population indynamic terms, determining the quantitative nature of changes in the age structure over time,the direction of these changes and their intensity. It was also pointed out that in light of theongoing demographic transformations, the concept of silver economy understood as an economicsystem aimed at using the potential of the elderly and taking into account their needs isbecoming a priority.
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Location preference is a repeatedly debated subject in urban land economics. By and large, these deliberations are either empirical or theoretical in nature. A sizeable number of the previous studies tackle the question of most favorable location provisional on a certain set of constrictions. Moreover, other studies are dedicated to elucidating the nature (worth) of a real property at a particular location. Nevertheless, the problem of ascertaining the indicators that influence real property price is general to both sets of studies. The current body of knowledge on the impact of transportation infrastructure on real estate prices is diverse in its outcome and result with particular reference to degree or extent of impact as well as bearing, ranging from a negative to an unimportant or a positive effect. On the literature results, multiple spatial lag variables were found to be statistically significant signifying that a number of features or attributes of adjoining residential accommodations have significant influence on the subject residential property's value. Whereas the largest part of earlier hedonic price empirical studies considered only selected factors (such as, positive as well as negative impacts of single transportation mode or means, positive or else negative impacts of multiple transportation modes) into account, the majority of recent empirical studies, however, considered all these key determinants, factors and indicators into consideration for analyzing joint impacts of transportation facility. Through considerable strategy, policy in addition to planning or forecasting implications underlying the association between transit oriented developments and real estate values and the difference between previous studies’ outcomes and results, there is a strong necessity and requirement for further study and analysis to ascertain an advanced, reliable in addition to dependable level of conclusiveness.
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This paper focuses on children’s economic socialisation, especially its financial aspect. It adopts an interdisciplinary approach and the aim of its authors is to indicate the tendencies in global business life which influence the process of economic socialisation, as well as to present the conclusions based on the analysis of the stages and factors of economic socialisation and the behaviour contract as a very effective method of children’s financial socialisation. The methods used in the paper include the analysis of specialist literature and observation. Economic socialisation continues through childhood into adult life of an individual and determines the process of his pursuit of enrichment, which takes place both in the context of the child’s cognitive and social development. Paying attention to children’s economic socialisation is important, because it is during childhood when the habits related to the consumption, budgeting and saving are being shaped.
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This study investigated the household travel characteristics of health consumers in Ondo State to the available healthcare facilities. The study uses data collected from 1,181 health consumers from forty-two (42) settlements across the three senatorial districts of the State. The findings revealed that while some of the healthcare patrons travelled below 400 meters to get to the nearest healthcare facility, many of them spent more money on trips to reach their healthcare facilities. This shows that the majority of people are ready to patronize any healthcare facility irrespective of the distance and cost. The further analysis revealed that distance, travel time, cost of transport and travel mode are significant to the utilization of healthcare facilities. To this end, more healthcare facilities should be provided and located closer to people within shortest possible distance, especially in Ondo North and Ondo South senatorial districts.
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Research Questions: This paper investigated whether there is a possibility for predictions of an auditor’s opinionthat can be used to predict, in an extremely accurate way, future developments in one company. Motivation: The researchof Dopuch, Holhausen and Leftwich (1987); Kirkos, Spathis and Manolopoulos (2007) or Kirskos (2012) and Kim andUpneja (2014) open space for new challenges for using auditing methods.The most trying task is to find a technique thatwill be able to timely, accurately and with the least waste of resources respond to the challenge. The fact that auditors areforced to expand the scope and purpose of the audit work, respecting new risks that are continually changing representsthe primary inspiration for this paper. Idea: Our goal was to explore whether one of the possible techniques for predictionthe auditor’s opinion – multivariate discriminant analysis – can precisely predict a correct future audit opinion and whetherthis analysis is useful for finding solutions to performing predictions. Data: The analysis was conducted using data fromfinancial statements of 4 Serbian tobacco companies of years 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015 published by the SerbianBusiness Registers Agency. Tools: The presented research, based on theoretical and mathematical support, uses statisticalsoftware tools Statistica. Findings: The application of discriminant analysis in Serbian tobacco companies showedstatistically major variables of the balance sheet, manely “Intangible assets”, “Supplies” and “Liabilities”. Following thesevariables, we obtained results which we used as the predictors. The outcome of our preliminary investigation presentedaccurate and correct prediction which is also confirmed by historical data. The result of this investigation can be used forfurther more complex investigations when using some variables that will lead to discriminatory analysis for moreclassification groups to mark and rank the most significant variables for expressing the audit opinion. Contribution:Provided information is important for every business, because every entity that is listed on the business market aims to beas better as possible, and find out and exploit the possibility of avoiding a negative result.
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In article the social and legal essence of the right to worthy living standards is investigated: modern half-courses and prospects. According to the researcher, the right to worthy living standards acts as komplesny institute of some legal spheres of the public relations defining standards of legal regulation in the social sphere. Therefore it can be implemented by means of the norms having various otroslovy accessory. For ensuring logicality, the author suggests to enshrine in the existing labor law and the legislation on a social assistance "the social standard obespechiayushchy worthy living standards" as one of the main signs of the minimum compensation.
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