INTERCULTURAL MANAGEMENT AND ETHICS MANAGEMENT IN HIGHER EDUCATION
INTERCULTURAL MANAGEMENT AND ETHICS MANAGEMENT IN HIGHER EDUCATION
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INTERCULTURAL MANAGEMENT AND ETHICS MANAGEMENT IN HIGHER EDUCATION
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The article is theoretical and empirical in nature. The theoretical part provides a cognitive and critical analysis of the world literature. According to the approach presented in this part, valuable natural areas are ‘system marketing products’ which should be co-created by purchasers. The research aim of the article is to identify the significance assigned by tourists to various characteristics of valuable natural areas and group the tourists based on this. Three research questions were formed. In order to answer them, primary research was conducted by means of a questionnaire. The results were statistically analysed using the method of averaging and factor analysis. The results indicate that the relatively highest significance from the 25 elements of valuable natural areas evaluated was assigned to cleanliness and food. Untypical elements (e.g. ‘photographic safari’) were the least significant. Respondents were assigned to six groups linked to various types of activities. This points to the necessity to adapt elements of the product, i.e. a valuable natural area, to the various expectations of the purchasers.
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In this study, the authors made an attempt to verify the certainty effect and the rebound effect articulated in the 1970s by D. Kahneman and A. Tversky. The research was carried out on a sample of 500 students of economic and technical specializations at Warsaw University of Life Sciences. The authors formulated research hypotheses on how field of studies or gender influence decisions taken under risk. The outcomes were considerably similar to the results of D. Kahneman’s and A. Tversky’s research, which confirmed that the certainty effect and the rebound effect existed. One disapproved the hypothesis on gender influence and confirmed the hypothesis on the influence of the field of studies on taking decisions under risk. It was found that raising the amount of potential loss has an impact on the willingness to take risk so that the loss can be avoided.
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The goal of the study was to identify the level of local development and assess the directions of activities affecting it from the point of view of residents representing the surveyed communes. The H1 research hypothesis – that there is a positive relationship between the pro-development activities preferred by the residents and commune’s current level of development – underwent verification. The research scope included 24 communes from the Lubelskie Voivodeship. The research basically covered 2017. This study utilized the Hellwig’s development model method and the questionnaire survey method. The Hellwig’s model method made it possible to divide the analysed units into four groups regarding their level of development. The survey was used to identify and evaluate activities which, in the opinion of the respondents, are supposed to boost the development of the communes in the future depending on the level of their development to date. As a result of the conducted research, no statistically significant differences were found between the respondents representing communes that differ in the level of local development in terms of evaluation of the importance of particular activities for the communes’ development.
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The objective of this study has been to diagnose differences in the level of entrepreneurship in municipalities of the Warmińsko-Mazurskie Province in 2010–2017. Among the 116 municipalities in this province, the highest average entrepreneurship rate was observed in the municipalities of Olsztyn, Stawiguda and Dywity; the lowest one was in Górowo Iławeckie, Kalinowo and Lelkowo. In the municipalities with the highest level of entrepreneurship, the diagnosed rates were as much as four-fold higher than the lowest ones. Compared with the average entrepreneurship rate among all Polish municipalities, as many as 93.10% of the municipalities in the Warmińsko-Mazurskie Province scored lower. The authors have also made an attempt to verify if there is any dependence between the level of investment expenses incurred by a municipality and its level of entrepreneurship. A moderate relationship has been identified, and it was stronger in the distinguished group of 15 municipalities with the lowest and 15 with the highest investment outlays.
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The objective of the study was to present the barriers as well as factors which, in the opinion of farm owners inhabiting the Bug valley municipalities of the three voivodeships (Lubelskie, Podlaskie and Mazowieckie) support the agritourism and eco-agritourism activities. The result of the survey carried out amongst 99 farm owners, is, among others, a conclusion that from amongst the many barriers in the development of rural tourism, the lack of habit of weekend leisure in potential tourists is the most significant one, whilst the time-consuming and expensive process of transforming the farms into ecological farms, disproportionate towards the profitability of venture is the factor which limits the creation of eco-agritourism farms to the greatest extent. Natural values, quietness and peace prevailing in the vicinity of such farms are the factors which support the development of such activities above all.
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Main aim of analyses presented in the article was to determine the motives and actions which promote social inclusion of the unemployed, most frequently suffering from social exclusion. The survey was conducted in 2018 based on the questionnaire among the population of 350 respondents. The analyses included the distribution of answers to survey question within the entire sample together with the verification of statistical significance between the answers provided and such variables as: gender, age, education and period of being registered in Municipal Employment Office. Results of the study show that increasing social awareness on the access to benefits is an important motif influencing social inclusion. The awareness of the fact of being deprived of the right to retirement pension, no access to healthcare and increased creditworthiness shape the knowledge of the society in relation to the importance of working within the official labour market to a significant extent.
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Economic activity is an important issue, and it depends on many determinants. The aim of our research is the identification of the most important factors which affect the female and male employees’ worktime in Poland. The research is provided on the basis of individual data, originating from Polish Labour Force Survey. In our study, we estimate econometric models, which are built for: the whole sample and separately for women and men. The models describe number of working hours provided by employees (in a month prior to the survey), which is explained by the characteristics of the employee and workplace. In the study we found out that there are different effects of distinguished factors to the male and female employees’ activity. These differences are especially visible for the variables related to respondents’ family situation, education level and occupation.
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Innovation plays an important role enabling businesses to retain their competitiveness ensuring their longterm survival on dynamic markets. This article presents innovations in terms of an offer (product/services) and/or organizational/marketing process in the foodservice businesses as a competitive factor. The study was carried out using a qualitative, constructivist perspective and a quantitative research method from January to November 2017. Entrepreneurs working in Poland in the foodservice businesses were interviewed as were individual foodservice businesses in Warsaw and Łódź. A total of 70 businesses were studied, 5 chain services and 65 individual restaurants, 40 in Warsaw and 25 in Łódź.
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From the beginning of the 21st century, interest in vineyards and the production of wine from own grapes has increased in Poland, both from the demand and supply side. For many vineyard owners, this is a hobby that is unrelated to the professional work. The aim of this study is to identify the most important determinants that are beneficial to the development of wine-making and wine tourism in Poland. The analysis of secondary sources was used, including data collected by the Polish Agricultural Market Agency (since 2018 National Support Centre for Agriculture), the International Organization of Vine and Wine (OiV) and the Institute for Market Research GfK Polonia. It was found that the most important factors favouring the development of vines and vineyards in Poland are: global warming; production of more resistant vine strains; increased experience and skills of vineyard owners in the area of viticulture and wine production; activities of non-profit organizations related to vineyards; inclusion of Poland into the EU zone as a country with wine potential; legislative changes; promotion of Polish viticulture; increased wine consumption and the search for innovative and profitable forms of agriculture in rural areas.
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The theoretical part of the paper presents conclusions from the literature review. The empirical part of the paper includes findings of the research carried out by the authors. Amending the human capital definition, based on the new approach from the perspective of equal opportunities, mainly for women, was the main aim and added value of the paper. Based on the previous research, authors hypothesized that the equality of opportunities in the labour market, social life, education and public life generates economic benefits, while the lack of such equality causes losses. To prove that the equality of opportunities enhances the value of human capital, the authors carried out their own research and referred to the findings of other empirical studies, data from the Central Statistical Office, Eurostat and expert opinions from such institutions as the European Institute for Equality of Women and Men in Vilnius (EIGE) and the World Economic Forum, OECD.
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This article attempts to verify the phenomenon of price transmission between wholesale markets of carrots in Poland. Determining the level of spatial integration of markets will indicate their efficiency and thus can make it easier for producers to take decisions about where to sell their products. The empirical data includes daily quotations of carrot prices on fruit and vegetable wholesale markets in Bronisze, Kalisz, Poznań, Radom and Sandomierz. The time range of the studies covered the years 2011–2016. This research is based on dynamic econometric methods (sVAR model) and the Granger causality tests. The research carried out using dynamic econometric methods has shown that despite the occurrence of significant variation in the level of carrot prices in the examined markets, their interaction was observed.
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Our paper deals with the establishment of the container settlements in Poland and the grassroots response to it: by the inhabitants and by political activists. In particular we are interested in how local authorities strategically frame housing issues to create social acceptance of diminishing standards of social housing in Poland and the involvement of the mainstream media in the process. We are focusing on strategies as well as tactical efforts to overcome structural and discursive opportunities emerging in the process of the anti- container campaign. Exclusionary discourse about the ‘container ghettos’ becomes a justification for local authorities to use social containers as tool of social and spatial segregation as well as to discipline communal tenants. In response of this process activists had to develop new diagnostic mobilizing frames and put considerable effort into frame alignment processes and forged new alliances with other actors. We analyze the campaign from the perspective of social movement studies, in particular structural theories of collective action.
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Review of: ALEKSANDRA TŁUŚCIAK-DELIOWSKA - Anna Odrowąż-Coates (2015). Fatamorgana saudyjskiej przestrzeni społeczno-kulturowej kobiet. Płynne horyzonty socjalizacji, edukacji i emancypacji. Kraków: Impuls, pp. 302. (English title: A mirage of socio-cultural space of women in Saudi Arabia. Liquid horizons of socialization, education and emancipation)
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The disabled people are particularly susceptible to different forms of exclusion, both social and professional. Such troublesome situation not only triggers some changes in social politics, but also it diverts into finding new solutions in the realm of social economy. Data on the situation of disabled people on the labor market and the presented literature show that social economy entities are not an effective tool for activating disabled people in the labour market.
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The purpose of the paper is to analyse the impact of the social economy on the implementation of the neo-weberian model of public governance. Based on a review of the literature, a postulate of the relationship between social inequalities, trust and the possibility to change the public management system was formulated. Dysfunctions of the current model of the state have led to a limitation of its role in favour of markets, which resulted in a sharp increase in social inequalities and a decline in citizens’ trust towards the democratic state of law. The emerging neo-weberian model of public governance is to strengthen the position and role of the state. In conclusion, the paper indicated that a necessary element of a paradigm shift in public governance is to create mechanisms that will restore trust in in the institution of the state. In this context, development and support from the state for the social economy sector may be an appropriate way to meet this condition.
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This article attempts to combine two issues: present for some time in the scientific discussion concept of social innovation with a topic that appeared relatively recently – city lab. The aim of the considerations is to show the essence of city lab in the context of implementing social innovations. For its implementation, the author made an analysis of the relevant literature on the subject. The article starts with a review of understanding of social innovations. Next, the essence of city lab is described, indicating the actors and their functions. Finally, the author points out the relationship between the title concepts. In the presented approach, the city lab is a platform for implementing social innovations. The latter relate to longterm urban development planning, implemented with the participation of various stakeholders, with the dominating role of the city users (residents) as the main innovators and local authorities, watching the reality and legality of the proposed solutions. The presented approach seems to be worth promoting both by representatives of science and public decision-makers.
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In the context of the “middle income trap” discussion and promotion of domestic enterprises, the paper proposes a method aiming at identification and calculation of benefits of national economy that are brought by an enterprise. Research method consists of identification of categories impacting value added created by a firm and of testing such a tool using financial statements of three public companies. Scoring an enterprise bases upon sum of taxes and remuneration of labour and capital, i.e. corporate income tax, salaries and other benefits of employees, as well as capital accumulation together with profit shared among domestic residents. In order to take into account the scale of an enterprise and to measure efficiency of production factors’ use, this sum is then divided by firm’s assets’ value. Conclusions cover the conformation of leaving aside the nationality of firm owners, inquiry into the degree of accuracy in which the method corresponds to the economic reality and potential inclusion of additional criteria of measuring social impact of an enterprise.
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Objective: In the article, we address the nexus between neighbourhood externalities and house prices using stated preference data. The impact of neighbourhood amenities generating positive externalities and disamenities generating negative externalities on property prices has been studied since the 1970s. Most of the studies to date applied the hedonic methodology and assumed that the effect is homogeneous. The article aims to address the potential heterogeneity of housebuyers’ preferences. Research Design & Methods: The article uses logistic regression models on stated preference data regarding the sensitivity to three spatial amenities (public transit, urban green area, and retail and services) and three spatial disamenities (railway line, noisy road, petrol station). The dataset comes from six editions of the survey on housing demand and preferences in Krakow conducted annually from 2012 to 2017. Findings: Empirical results show the relation between household lifecycle and household wealth and willingness-to-pay for spatial amenities and willingness-to-accept spatial disamenities. We did not observe the difference in preferences dependent on the purchase motive. Implications & Recommendations: The results can be interesting for planners and policymakers, but also in the business environment in case of residential development. Contribution & Value Added: The article fills the gap in the economic literature on factors affecting housebuyers’ sensitivity to certain positive and negative externalities that manifest in stated willingness-to-pay and willingness-to-accept.
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This paper assesses participatory bottlenecks that households found in development-oriented activities of Community-Based Organizations (CBOs) in the periods 1985-1999 and 2000-2014. It also examines households’ willingness to participate in future development activities. This is aimed at determining whether CBOs and their development-oriented activities would be sustainable. The study was conducted across three Senatorial Districts in Oyo State, Nigeria. Relevant information was obtained through questionnaires which were administered to 1,104 sampled households. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data collected. The major bottlenecks to pro-development participation in the two periods under examination concerned financial and economic resources, as households were faced with financial problems, wealth disparity and uncooperative attitude among community members to the source of projects financing. In reference to these bottlenecks, among others, there exist a significant number of people who are not willing to participate in future pro-development activities of CBOs.
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