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Kapitał intelektualny sektora przedsiębiorstw na tle produktu krajowego brutto według województw

Author(s): Małgorzata Juchniewicz,Urszula Tomczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 04/2013

This paper presents the results of a study on the relationship between the level of the intellectual capital of companies in the voivodships and the GDP per capita. Used for the analysis a taxonomic classification method, allowed voivodship grouping by intangible resources of companies. On this basis, the selection of diagnostic features, measurement and evaluation of the intellectual capital of the business sector in the provinces was made. Next, the values of correlation coefficients were defined, which showed no statistically significant correlation between the level of intellectual capital in companies and the GDP per capita. There has been, however, determined the relationship between these indicators. Voivodships, in which the intangible assets of enterprises have achieved a high and relatively similar size of the human capital level, structural and environmental conditions also have a high GDP per capita.

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Identity Politics or Economics? Explaining Voter Support for Hungary’s Illiberal FIDESZ

Author(s): Bermond Scoggins / Language(s): English Issue: 01/2022

This article tests cultural and economic explanations of why the longest surviving illiberal government in Central Europe, Hungary’s FIDESZ, has maintained popular support throughout two elections despite dismantling institutional checks and balances. Much of the literature on illiberalism in Central Europe attributes the appeal and successes of these governments to the brand of identity politics and rhetorical vilification of “others” practiced by their leaders. Yet the role of economic growth, a strong determinant of voter behaviour, has received little theoretical attention in accounting for illiberal party support. Using five rounds of European Social Survey data from 2010 to 2018, I show that economic satisfaction rather than a host of cultural factors, notably anti-migrant and anti-European Union attitudes, better predicts support for FIDESZ and satisfaction with government. I examine the implications of these results for understanding and conceptualising voter behaviour under backsliding. Voters may not understand what backsliding is and therefore are unable to penalise it or they may take information about backsliding into account and judge backsliding to be the price of prosperity. These findings and the discussion of voter behaviour raise important questions about the role of economic growth in sustaining illiberalism in Central Europe and other third wave democracies.

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THE IMPACT OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND ITS CONSEQUENCES ON PROTECTING THE BANK’S ASSETS: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM KOSOVO BANKS

Author(s): Esat A. Durguti,Emine Q. Gashi / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

This study aims to analyze the relationships between corporate governance instruments on the wealth of financial intermediaries in wide-ranging. The data employed in this study are secondary data from nine (9) commercial banks and covered the years 2013-2020. The approach used in data processing is a 2SLS estimation and multilevel mixed-effects for the dependent variable natural logarithm of total assets. The results provided by the econometric analysis show that board size, sovereign committees, Net Interest Margin (NIM), Non-Performing Loans (NPL’s), and equity to liabilities have an important impact on the protection of the assets of financial institutions. While surprising results have been generated in the composition of the board structure in terms of gender diversity, they have turned out to be insignificant. The originality and value of this study lie in the approach of including the characteristics of the board, as well as the combination of some financial indicators different from previous studies, which makes more comprehensive the study of the impact of board composition on increasing the wealth of banks.

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THE CHALLENGING FACTORS AFFECTING WOMEN ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITIES

Author(s): Rimsha Khalid,Mohsin Raza,Anusara Sawangchai,Chanyanan Somtawinpongsai / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors such as access to finance, legal constraints, and entrepreneurial skill on women's participation in business activities. The mediating effects of self-leadership were also established as an influence on women's participation in business activities. Moreover, the study examined the moderating effect of education among self-leadership and participation of women in entrepreneurial activities. The study selected a quantitative method and structured questionnaire for the data collection. The study found a significant relationship of the effect of access to finance, legal constraints, and entrepreneurial skill with women's participation in entrepreneurial activities. Moreover, the study found a significant mediating effect of self-leadership between factors and women's participation in entrepreneurial activities as well as a significant moderating effect of education between self-leadership and participation of women in entrepreneurial activities. The study suggests that the government and other institutions should take the initiative in women's entrepreneurship that affects women's self-leadership skills. The policymakers should pay attention to the financial concerns of women in business activities.

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Informal collaboration: building a smart city through self-organized stakeholders

Author(s): Hanane Rochdane,Oussama Assaber, / Language(s): English Issue: 01/2022

Today, cities are working on becoming more adapted to urban change and sustainable challenges. To do so, many have undertaken projects, supported by governments, intended to digitalize the interactions, optimize local resources, and become smart accordingly (e.g., Barcelona, Aarhus, and Oslo, etc.). Although most smart city initiatives follow top-down mechanisms, we notice interestingly the emergence of bottom-up processes and self-organized actions. In fact, cities are complex systems that possess qualities of self-organization [1]. Self-organized stakeholders (e.g., citizens, universities, private/public firms, NGOs), through informal collaboration, are capable of conducting innovative projects leading to a smart city. This dynamic has enabled citizens to be more involved in policymaking and to impose, using ICT-based solutions, a new model of governance (i.e., smart governance). In this regard, this conceptual paper contributes to the smart city literature by highlighting the role of informal collaboration between stakeholders in implementing smart initiatives. Eventually, our research will provide guidance in designing smart cities and serve as basis for future empirical studies.

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RUN THE STATE LIKE IT IS YOUR BUSINESS. A POLITICAL ECONOMY APPROACH TO THE RULE OF LAW CHALLENGES IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE

Author(s): Luise Quaritsch / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

The debate around democratic backsliding in Central and Eastern Europe focuses on changes in formal rules that weaken the rule of law by populist right-wing leaders. However, this paper argues that the concept of democratic backsliding has limited explanatory value and overemphasizes formal institutions. Instead, a broader view, taking political and economy power into account, should be adopted: It allows for a conceptualisation of democratic backsliding as the result of the dominance of elites on state structures and the merging of political and private interests. The concept of state capture provides a suitable theoretical framework for this approach and reveals different strategies employed by elites, namely party and corporate state capture that undermine the independence of democratic institutions in the region. The example of the Czech Republic under former Prime Minister Babiš underpins the argument that the debate around democratic backsliding overlooks the risks of corporate state capture, which finds expression in high levels of corruption and the concentration of vast economic, political and media power.

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Wise Governance – Elements of the digital strategies of municipalities

Author(s): Christian SCHACHTNER / Language(s): English Issue: 02/2022

The innovation fields of municipalities are based on the creation of added value for the local population by creating a portfolio of digital implementation projects as a "proof of concept".The Objective of the research project is focussed on answers to the questions of Strategies on multi-time acceptable and responsible governance standards in a portfolio of data-based, bureaucracy-reducing and trend-based topics.The Prior work serves the elements of Open Data, Public Value Modeling, Business Process Optimization, Public Corporate Responsibility and Digital Leadership in a holistic orientation question of municipal departments.The Approach are adjusting screws in the interaction of control options from the spectrum of local governance. Between different surveys there are relationships and effects.The Results show that basic prerequisites at the level of values, competencies and management are necessary in order to effectively implement targeted instruments of digital transformation in everyday life. Transparency tools and creativity technology support the introduction of targeted governance.The Implications of this interdisziplinary project should give an impact to academics in the public management and data sciences as well as specialists of leadership and strategic management. For practioneers and leaders of municipalities the possibilities of wise governance should get visual.The Value of the paper lies in the direction of the tension between stable efficiency measures and visionary holisticness of adoption capability of ambiguous requirements in the public sector.

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Rediscovering urban intelligence within cities by technologies

Author(s): Mauro Romanelli / Language(s): English Issue: 03/2021

As drivers of economic and social growth, and engines of innovation, cities develop urban intelligence relying on the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) as a source to ensure high quality of life and improve processes and services. Smart cities and smart communities help build urban intelligence within cities aiming to proceed towards urban sustainability and promoting innovation and knowledge creation. Cities identify smart and intelligent solutions to facing and solving urban problems, by using the potential offered by information technology to drive innovative processes and proceed towards sustainable urban growth. Information technology helps cities to rediscover the meaning of community as an organizational framework that fosters collaboration within urban spaces. Local government, business, education and citizens understand the potential of information technology in order to transform the community in significant ways through collaboration. Intelligent cities as communities promote technological innovation and encourage people to work for achieving urban sustainability. As engines of innovation, cities as smart communities proceed towards urban intelligence by developing the urban community as an intelligent city which rediscovers a pathway for growth and knowledge, innovation and value creation.

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Предизвикателства пред образованието в България през призмата на пазара на труда в контекста на влиянието на епидемичната обстановка, свързана с COVID-19

Author(s): Blaga Madzhurova,Stefan Raychev,Dobrinka Stoyanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

The main problems discussed in this article are related to the study of the effects of the epidemiological situation imposed due to the spread of the coronavirus epidemic on education in Bulgaria through the prism of the labour market. The dynamics of the labour market have been empirically studied and the results show that the crisis with COVID 19 has an impact both economically and socially and at the sectoral level, where a number of structural problems and challenges to public policies and the education system come to the fore. Many sectors have failed to recover, and in combination with quarantine measures and digitalization as a means of maintaining activity, this requires a rethinking of work, knowledge and skills. The education system could provide the necessary knowledge and skills to the workforce, so that in the future the digitalization and flexibility of production and trade in goods and services could become a key factor in dealing with such external shocks.

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Smart Cities and Digitalisation: A Research Agenda of Public Administration

Author(s): Loo-See BEH,M. Jin LEE,ABD RAHMAN Nur Hairani,Siow-Li LAI Siow-Li LAI / Language(s): English Issue: 03/2022

The emerging smart cities framework and the core of next-generation information technology innovations serve as the landscape of near-future management of city development and e-Government systems guided by policies and strategies. Data science, or big data is an essential area for governments as data is collected in various forms of e-commerce, traffic, security, energy, and geographical aspects as well as data sharing from private sector data. This paper is aimed at evaluating the extent of development of smart cities in selected countries in Asia and the adoption of resources, connectivity, and business coordinations in promoting technology and deployment of innovation for public administration. Meta literature and case studies are employed in this paper, focusing on the publications from year 2000 onward to capture the latest development in smart cities and digitalization. The findings contribute to research agenda and practical implications thus far in advancing our understandings of smart cities and digitalization transformation in the pursuit of smart city development in and around Asia as this is yet to be reviewed. Consequently, this paper paves the way towards a better understanding of the extent of smart city initiatives and development in and around Asia. This study is supported by the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia under Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS), Project ID: 18252, FRGS/1/2020/TK02/UM/01/1.

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A unified methodology in the application of the comparative approach

Author(s): Elfrida SHEHU / Language(s): English Issue: 03/2022

As real estate is one of the most valuable assets of any state and any individual, the valuation process takes on a special significance. Valuations are required of different interests in different types of property for different purposes. Among the methods used to determine the value of a property, the simplest and most direct method of valuation is direct comparison. The method is based on comparing the property to be valued with similar properties and the prices achieved for them, and allowing for differences between them to determine the market value. The art of the comparison method is the discovery of relevant data and the subsequent analysis. Comparison can be defined as ‘the act of comparing’ and to compare as “to examine in order to observe resemblances or differences”. As property is unique, no two are truly the same, the problem lies in the adjustment to be made to the comparable to fit the property being valued.Are known and accepted (within certain limits) the differences in the values reported by different appraisers for the same property and for the same purpose of valuation , but daily contacts with appraisers and appraisals prove that there are significant differences in the reported values. These changes are not simply the result of judgments of different appraisers, but mainly the result of changes in the methodologies used for evaluation.In this perspective the paper proposes the use of a unified methodology in the application of the direct comparison method in order to narrow such differences. The study includes residential and commercial buildings in the Tirana City.

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THE FACTORS INFLUENCING GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT GROWTH IN THE POST-PANDEMIC PERIOD: THE CASE OF KOSOVO

Author(s): Muhamet J. Spahiu,Betim J. Spahiu / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

This paper examined the factors that influenced the Gross Domestic Product growth (GDP) in the post-Covid-19 period in Kosovo. This paper explored the impact of consumption, remittances, exports, imports, and inflation on Kosovo's GDP growth using fixed effects regression analysis with data from various secondary sources to analyze their impact from Kosovo's perspective. The results demonstrated that consumption, remittances, and exports had a statistically significant influence on GDP growth during the post-pandemic economic lockdown stage, whereby imports and inflation had a little inverse relation. Further, the Hausman test statistics on the adequacy of the fixed-effect model selection represent a superior performance compared to the random effect model. The paper is the first that extensively explores the impact of these factors that drove GDP growth in the post-pandemic period in Kosovo's economy. The novelty of this paper is that it recognizes the response of governments to the pandemic and accurately identifies the macroeconomic factors that influenced GDP growth.

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По някои въпроси за академичната глобализация и синергията в научните изследвания

Author(s): Adriana Andreeva,Galina Yolova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2022

The article examines the problems related to the academic education and scientific research in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and the new public reality. The authors analyze applicable sources in the sphere of higher education on national and European level regulating the academic globalization and the synergy of the scientific research, as well as the guidelines for multidisciplinary of academic work in the context of the ideas for a new type system of scientific research orientation. Based on the research actual questions are put on the field of the scientific debates, as well as summaries and conclusions are formulated with a view of updating the legal framework.

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Образованието като ключов фактор за намаляване на бедността

Author(s): Ralitsa Veleva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2022

The article represents an analysis of complex indicators observed by National and European statistics relevant to the relationship between poverty and the level of education of the population. The study covers a 5-year period (2016 – 2020) and all Member States of the European Union. It is upgraded with a correlation analysis of permanent risk of poverty and early school leavers in Bulgaria within the same time span. The aim is to highlight the strength and direction of the relationships and dependencies between them. Based on the investigated indicators, the author's thesis about education as a key factor in reducing poverty in Bulgaria is confirmed. The research uses an analytical approach, which is based on a combination of analysis of literature sources and research of documents, but mainly uses comparative empirical and correlation analysis. For the purpose of the study, three groups of main indicators were adopted: complex, educational and poverty indicators.

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A művészet eltagadott gazdaságának feminista megközelítése

Author(s): Katja Praznik / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 30/2022

Autonomy has historically been a gendered notion, a defining feature of masculinity as opposed to the relational otherness and dependency that has characterized dominant representations of femininity. It therefore follows that the notion of artistic labour, which as we saw in chapter 1, is rooted in the idea of art’s autonomy, would also be a gendered concept. This convergence of labour and gender calls, I argue, for an approach that is informed both by labour theory of value and a feminist epistemology to unpack the implications of autonomy of art. In this chapter, I therefore employ a feminist epistemology about the gendered nature of (women’s) work as an element of my labour-focused analysis

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Редизайн на обучението по икономика за създаване на гъвкава и адаптивна учебна среда

Author(s): Petya Ivanova,Milena Filipova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2022

The article consists of three main parts. The first part sets the framework of research demand and argues its relevance and importance. The object of the second part are the basic conditions and preconditions for effective use and acceptance of educational opportunities that the digital environment provides for educational purposes. The third part of the article presents applicable in the digital environment teaching methods in the direction of building the necessary knowledge and skills in students. The main goal of the article is to clarify and present the possibility for creative integration of digitally based models of teaching in the educational process in higher education in economics and how they are built into the system of collective and individual skills of students.

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Energia, praca i walka z entropią

Author(s): Michał Krzykawski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 44/2022

This paper argues that what we commonly mean by “labour” in industrial democracies stems from the obsolete theoretical assumptions of neoclassical economics, which also serve as foundations for a highly entropic economic process. Therefore, to determine the new purposes and functions of what working means is necessary in order to redesign economy and, consequently, to offer an alternative to the Anthropocene. The article develops Bernard Stiegler’s take on work and discusses the way Stiegler brings up to date the theoretical reflection on the transformations of work undertaken by André Gorz. The article addresses the question of work in relation to energy crisis and work automation. Advocating for a redefinition of work beyond employment, the article envisages work automation as a new opening for what work denotes, rather than the end of work. However, two conditions must be met in order to make such a change possible; it is necessary to redefine work beyond employment and socialize benefits from work automation.

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Музеи и пандемия

Author(s): Nikolai Nenov,Silvia Trifonova-Kostadinova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 21/2022

The text examines the COVID-19 Pandemic as an element of change that is already necessary for museums. It describes the study, its aims and objectives as carried out – its methodology and focuses on the need for the study and ways of reaching the audience. The work of museums in Bulgaria and the Balkans is presented, as well as the main contradictions in individual lockdowns. The activity on digital platforms and mainly on Facebook, where 100% of the studied museums are present, was examined. Models for working in a changed environment are indicated, which prove to be particularly important for the future of the museum in our country.

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Музейни репрезентации в Панаира на музейните изложби 2020

Author(s): Silvia Trifonova-Kostadinova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 21/2022

The hybrid staging of the Museum Exhibition Fair 2020 gave a clear signal that places of memory must and can adapt to the changed environment. Although slowly, the process of transformation began. The willingness of museums to join the Fair, to present themselves and their exhibitions with alternative, not well-known and not mastered mechanisms for working in the online space, is impressive. The search, testing and use of new and different communication channels is indicative of the perceived need for change to bring museums closer to their audiences and expand the circle of their audiences – initially virtual, and later with real visits. Museums are closing their doors, but as if for the first time in decades they are opening themselves wide, looking at themselves, studying and analyzing their behavior towards cultural heritage and users, trying to understand the expectations of their visitors and provoke their interest.

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Блог и Ютюб – имат ли те значение за музеите?

Author(s): Silvia Trifonova-Kostadinova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 21/2022

The text examines the meaning of maintaining a museum blog and a museum YouTube channel, giving examples from the activities of Bulgarian museums. Among them, about 50% have a YouTube channel, but do not have much video content, and rarely use the Blog. Nevertheless, some of the museums have seen an increase in uploaded video products just during the Pandemic.

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