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The author discusses the development course of the 19 International Conference of Labour Statisticians, held in Geneva in 2013. The resolution was passed on the new developments in the study of labour statistics. The adopted arrangements included not only paid work but also led for households and performed on a volunteer basis. The new statistical approach also set the unused labor resources. These changes will have consequences for the conduct of censuses, labour force surveys and general social statistics.
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This paper is devoted to a presentation of results of simulation experiment aimed at assessment of estimation quality of data on commuting to work on the basis of information collected during sample survey conducted within the National Population and Housing Census 2011. The analysis uses the bootstrap method consisting in multiple sampling with replacement of samples from a given ’starting’ sample and studying distribution of values of parameter of interest estimated for them. The generalization was conducted using Horvitz-Thompson direct estimator with calibration weights computed by working subgroup for statistical and mathematical methods for censuses within the 2011 Census project and strata defined for such census. On the basis of suggestions contained in subject matter literature sizes and number of bootstrap samples were established and computation of relative mean squared error, relative bias and empirical relative bias for estimation of various values expressed in absolute numbers and percentage by categories and voivodships for each analyzed sample as total and by sex. Using the results relevant practical conclusions were formulated.
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The article discusses the problem of cyclicality of the price index of goods and services (CPI), recognizing that it is worthwhile to conduct research to better understand this phenomenon, since the behavior of prices is crucial to the functioning of the economy. To determine the cyclical nature of the CPI the author uses harmonic analysis, which allowed him to determine the strength and length variations in this ratio. The study covers the period of 2003—2012. The CPI calculated ”month to the same month of the previous year” shows fairly stronger periodic fluctuations than the calculated ”month to previous month”.
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The article describes the importance of trade for the labor market in Poland. The analysis included working in the trade, as well as working in commercial enterprises with foreign capital. The analysis took into account layoffs and hiring factors, unemployment in trade and forms of employment and remuneration of jobs. The analysis covered the years 2000-2012, focusing on changes in the structure of employment and explaining their reasons. The CSO (GUS) data were basis for the development as well as literature on the subject, including the results of research on the labor market from different research centers.
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The aim of the article is to describe the use of selected methods of cluster analysis - hierarchical and non-hierarchical - to assess the member states of the European Union due to health and safety conditions of work. The analysis is based on data of the European Working Conditions Survey. Based on the answers given by the respondents for the health and well-being were constructed six diagnostic features. Assess working conditions were made using methods Ward and k-average. The use of the two methods yielded very similar results. Only in the case of two of the 27 countries included in the analysis, there were clear differences in the allocation to the respective groups.
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Constitutive feature of organic farming is to carry out sustainable agricultural activity in accordance with the requirements of the soil, plants and animals. The systematic increase in the potential of the organic farms in Poland should be considered as positive and desired direction of agriculture development, due to the numerous environmental, economic and social benefits, as well as compliance with the future model of agriculture, based on renewable resources and environmental-friendly and social development of rural areas. The purpose of this article is to provide socio-economic structural changes in organic holdings between 2005 and 2010 against the background of individual agricultural holdings population.
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The paper discusses the CPI substitution bias calculating. The bias is calculated using some known, superlative price indices for Polish data. Additionally, some price index formula are implemented that is not superlative, but it leads to the substitution bias reduction.
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The author discusses international cooperation of statisticians, experts in research methods and statistics from national and regional statistical offices and research communities, as well as other institutions conducting statistical surveys, forming a network of organizations grouped in the European Statistical System.
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The aim of the article is to analyze the spatial differentiation of economic development of voivodships and poviats in the period 2002-2011 using taxonomic indicators. The inference based on historical-political, territorial (distance from the center management) and economic, which allowed for the expansion of and more flexible assessment. Analyses are based on homogeneous characteristics. For measuring were selected statistically stable variables: average salary, number of entities in the REGON registry (per 1000 inhabitants), the unemployment rate and sold production per capita, the gross value of fixed assets and investments. Using diagnostic variables were established indicators of economic development of the various local government units. The result of the work is the ranking voivodships and poviats, taking into account long-term conditions.
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The article presents theoretical methodological considerations on estimation using small area statistics. Examples of applications of small area estimators in practice statistical surveys in Poland and in the world are presented.
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The directions of development of the system of investment of professional (educational) level of personnel and policy of human resources management are considered. The basis of effective activity of the enterprise, especially in a crisis situation, is an effective personnel policy and the strategy of motivation and promotion of the personnel derived from it promotes prevention of social conflicts. Continuous training and retraining of managers and ordinary employees, staff development based on the qualitative characteristics of its educational and professional level becomes the main element of personnel policy in the organization. The most important prerequisite for improving the efficiency of investment in education is forecasting labor market needs. An individual's investment in his or her own education may be ineffective if he or she does not have an assessment of the potential need of entrepreneurs for certain specialists. Inadequate assessment of the company's training and staff development needs will also negatively affect the effectiveness of the respective investments. Forecasting the situation on the labor market is necessary for the state to prevent structural imbalances in the labor market or mass unemployment. Higher education makes a significant contribution to the development of individual human capital. The contribution of higher education to individual economic growth is primarily related to improving the quality of work of employees with a high level of education and qualifications. The most important factor of success is the continuous theoretical and practical training of managers of a new type, with a high sense of responsibility for the results of the enterprise. This requires the intensification of research in this area, the development of specific ways and methods of implementing personnel policy, restructuring the formation and use of human resources management of organizations. In the most high-tech, prestigious and highly paid professional fields, preference will be given to freelance graduates. These considerations require the intensification of research in this area, the development of specific ways and methods of implementing personnel policy, restructuring the formation and use of human resources management of organizations.
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The article is devoted to the study of the reasons for low efficiency of innovative activity of Ukrainian machine-building enterprises, as well as to the improvement of organizational aspects of this process.Specific aspects of the innovation process that have a direct impact on the effectiveness of scientific and technical innovations are identified. Innovation management involves determining the algorithm for the phased implementation of innovative measures with clear consideration at all stages of such specific aspects of the innovation process: conceptual aspect (understanding of current trends in scientific and technological progress, as well as assessment of product innovation from the point of view of the manufacturer and consumer); strategic aspect and goal orientation; organizational aspect (effective management, availability of qualified specialists, flexible organizational management structure); time aspect (strict control over the cycle of creation and development of new products); cost (resource) aspect (achieving economic effect from the commercial implementation of innovations, justification of the decision on the source of innovation: the acquisition of a license or own development); methodological aspect (application of effective methodological approaches, systematic interaction of specialists in the field of pre-project research and design, relevant calculations and justifications).Particular attention is paid to the method of effective interaction of marketing and design professionals in order to form a system of optimal technical and economic indicators of future innovation. The statement to the designer of the project task, which is based on the consensus of market and scientific and technical interests, should be the basis of such interaction. It is proposed to make appropriate changes and additions to existing regulations governing the procedure for research and development.
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The research paper traces back the emergence, development and the effects of the trade conflict between the USA and China. The paper presents the theoretical preconditions for the conflict and analyses the trade relations between the two countries since the end of the 1970s up to the beginning of September 2019. There are also presented and analyzed the effects of the trade conflict on the economies of the USA and China, on the global production chains and on the investment flows between the two countries.
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Return movements of women migrants to their home countries are in the focus of this work. Discussion is based on the life stories of the three migrants/returnees from the northeastern Adriatic coast and islands who have emigrated to Italy and Germany. Through the analysis of interviews the process of return to the homeland is examined as well as motivation and the reasons that prompted it, the context in which the return was carried out, the readjustment to the new/old surroundings and the role of the returnee at an individual and social level in the country of origin. Aside from the realisation of repatriation to the homeland, the returnees invested their capital acquired in the country of immigration into their hometowns: Zadar and Istrian coast and the island of Cres. Migration experience has enabled them to accumulate the capital necessary for their successful return, reintegration, and realization of entrepreneurial ideas. Their entrepreneurial initiatives have a positive impact on the economic development of the place and country of origin.
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Today BRICS is moving from being an easy marker to guide foreign investors interested in emerging markets to denoting an important political group of countries determined to promote major changes in international relations. Each actor in this view is only concerned with its individual and relative gain instead of absolute gain for multiple countries. The BRICS whose importance as an engine of new demand growth and spending power may shift more dramatically and quickly than expected. The differences and mistrust among the BRICS consequently make it difficult for them to coordinate their actions and demands in the international institutions.
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The present study examined predictors of the intention to become vaccinated against Covid-19 among the Slovenian public. A cross-sectional, non-probability sample was collected through an online survey in March and April 2020(N = 826; Mage=33.2 years). We tested four groups of predictors: demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, health status and political (left–right) orientation.Our ordinal regression model explained 44% of the variance in Covid-19 vaccine hesitancy. All six predictors had a significant impact on vaccine hesitancy, which was significantly higher among women, among 30–39-year-olds, the less educated,the self-employed and unemployed, those reporting excellent self-rated health and those with a centrist political orientation (followed by right-oriented respondents).Implications of the results are discussed.
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This research paper focuses on the customer experience as an important prerequisite for customer retention in the consumer marketing and especially in the field of tourism and hotel services. The product portfolio of a three-star hotel has been studied with regard to the currently applied marketing models and practices in the selected typical resort hotel. The main goal of the study is on the basis of 2-stages empirical survey to extract opportunities for product portfolio improvement in the context of a modern and relatively new experimental marketing concept. For study purposes after a review of various researchers’ opinion a conceptual model of the hotel experience in the context of "experiential marketing" is adapted and presented. The study methodology includes 2 consumer surveys in 2 consecutive seasons and a couple of focus groups. On the basis of the study results and conclusions suggestions and guidelines are presented that could help the management of the hotel and other resort hotels of this type in development and implementation of better marketing strategy for their product portfolio improvement in the context of experiential marketing which will lead to improved customer retention and loyalty.
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